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Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 1 - 19, 29.04.2025

Muhammet Beşer Tezgel , Ahmet Karaarslan

https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1571579

Öz

This study investigates the application of a combined modulation approach, integrating both phase shift modulation (PSM) and pulse width modulation (PWM), in driving a bidirectional Capacitor-Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor (CLLC) dual active bridge (DAB) resonant converter. Unlike conventional hybrid switching techniques, wherein the system toggles between PWM and PSM signals, this proposed method introduces a unified modulation signal for the switching process. The dynamic control of two modulation parameters, namely duty ratio and phase shift angle, plays a pivotal role in shaping the switching sequence. Adopting this innovative methodology yields notable advantages, such as reducing output ripple and preventing resonant effects on the desired output waveform. The implementation of this system is carried out using the MATLAB/SIMULINK program, facilitating comprehensive validation across various operational modes such as buck, boost, and unity operations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PI control combined modulation phase shift modulation pulse width modulation CLLC resonant converter

Kaynakça

  • [1] Josevski, M., Korompili, A., Monti, A., “Modelling and Voltage Control of Bidirectional Resonant DC/DC Converter for Application in Marine Power Systems”, IFAC, Aachen (2020).
  • [2] Liu, Y., Du, G., Wang, X., Lei, Y., “Analysis and Design of High-Efficiency Bidirectional GaN-Based CLLC Resonant Converter”, Energies (2019).
  • [3] Sun, L., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Han, J., Suo, X., Li, X., “Analysis and design of assymmetric CLLC resonant DC- DC converter”, International Transactions Energy Systems (2020).
  • [4] Sun, K., Gao, Y., Chen, H., “Bi-Directional High- Conversion-Ratio CLLC Resonant Converter with a New Synchronous Rectification Scheme for Low Conduction Loss”, IEEE Journal of Industry Applications (2020) : 512-522.
  • [5] Lui, C., Wang, J., Colombage, K., Gould, C., Sen, B., “A CLLC Resonant Converter Based Bidirectional EV Charger with Maximum Efficiency Tracking”, 8th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2016) Glasgow, UK (2016).
  • [6] Jung, J.H., Kim, H.S., Ryu, M.H., Baek, J.W., “Design Methodology of Bidirectional CLLC Resonant Converter for High-Frequency Isolation of DC Distribution Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (2013).
  • [7] Lin, F., Zhang, X., Li, X., “Design Methodology for Symmetric CLLC Resonant DC Transformer Considering Voltage Conversion Ratio, System Ability and Efficiency”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (2021) : 10157-10170.
  • [8] Wei, Y., Luo, Q., Mantooth, H.A., “LLC and CLLC Resonant Converters Based DC Transformer (DCXs): Characteristics, Issues and Solutions”, CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, 6(4) (2021) : 332-348.
  • [9] Zhao, B., Zhang, X. and Huang, J., “Design of CLLC Resonant Converters for the Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Applications”, IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC) Shenzhen, China (2018).
  • [10] Zahid, Z.U., Dalala, Z.M., Chen, R., Chen, B., Lai, J.S., “Design of Bidirectional DC–DC Resonant Converter for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 1(3) (2015) : 232-244.
  • [11] Dhakar, A.K., Soni, A., Saini V., Chandel, S., “Design of Bi-directional CLLC Resonant Converter with Planar Transformer and Synchronous Rectification for Energy Storage Systems”, IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES) Jaipur, India, (2020).
  • [12] Hasnain, A., Paduani, V., Kondrath, N., Zhou, R., Pant, P., Jiao, Q., “Control Structure for Bidirectional Battery Charger Integrating 3-Φ PFC AC/DC and CLLC DC/DC Converters”, IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020) (2020).
  • [13] Dhakar, A.K., Soni, A., Bansal, H.O., “Design and Control of a Bi-directional CLLC Resonant Converter For Low voltage Energy Storage Systems”, IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON) (2020).
  • [14] Koga, Y., Mishima, T., “Analysis and Verification on CLLC Resonant Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Based on Variable Frequency Phase Difference Control Principle”, IEEE 18th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC) Budapest, Hungary (2018).
  • [15] Zhu, T., Zhuo, F., Zhao, F., Song R., Wang F., Yi, H., “Analysis of Multiple Phase-shift Control for Full-bridge CLLC Resonant Converter Based on Improved Fundamental Harmonic Approximation Method”, IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL) Aalborg, Denmark (2020).
  • [16] Yang, D., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Wang, W., Liu, J., “Overview of CLLC Modulation Strategy”, International Power Electronics Conference (2022).
  • [17] Youssef, M.Z., Jain, P.K., “A Review and Performance Evaluation of Control Techniques in Resonant Converters”, The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Busan, Korea (2004).
  • [18] Liu, X., Huang, J., Li, G., Ma, P., Tong, X., “Hybrid Pulse Frequency and Width Modulation scheme for Three-port Resonant DC/DC Converters”, IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Singapore (2020).
  • [19] Zhu, T., Yu, K., Zhuo, F., Wang, F., Zhao, F., Song, R., “A Novel APWM Control Scheme for GaN Based Full-Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter with Improved Light-Load Efficiency”, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) New Orleans, LA, USA (2020).
  • [20] Li, L., Cao, Y., Hou, L., Mao, T., Ning, W., “PFM-PS Hybrid Control Strategy CLLC Resonant Converter Research”. 8th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE) (2023).
  • [21] Wei, Y., Luo, Q., Montooth, A., “Overview of Modulation Strategies for LLC Resonant Converter”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (2020) : 10423- 10443.
  • [22] Wei, Y., Woldegiorgis, D., Mantooth, A., “Control Strategies Overview for LLC Resonant Converter with Fixed Frequency Operation”, IEEE 11th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) Dubrovnik, Croatia (2020).
  • [23] Xie, M., Bi, K., Ai, J., Fan, Q., “A Hybrid Control Strategy for CLLLC Resonant Converter Based on PS-PFM under Wide Input Voltage”, 26th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) (2023).
  • [24] Qin, M., Zhang, F., Ye, A., Huang, L., Tian, Q., “A Novel Hybrid Modulation Strategy of LLC Resonant Converter with Capacitive Load”, IEEE 4th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC) (2021).
  • [25] Kececioglu, O.F., Gani, A., Sekkeli, M., “Improved hybrid intelligent controller design for MPPT of stand-alone PV System”, Turkish Journal of Engineering 5(1) (2021) : 20-28.
  • [26] Zou, S., Lu, J., Mallik, A., Khaligh A., “Bi-Directional CLLC Converter With Synchronous Rectification for Plug-In Electric Vehicles”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54(2) (2018) : 998-1005.
  • [27] Duan, C., Bai, H., Guo, W., Nie, Z., “Design of a 2.5-kW 400/12-V High-Efficiency DC/DC Converter Using a Novel Synchronous Rectification Control for Electric Vehicles”, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 1(1) (2015) : 106-114.
  • [28] Jinglu, C., Fengrui, Z., Yonghui, D., Xinzheng, W., “Design of Synchronous Rectification DC-DC Converter”, IEEE 5th Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC) (2021).
  • [29] Burdio, J.M., Canales, F., Barbosa, P.M., Lee, F.C., “A Comparison Study of Fixed-Frequency Control Strategies for ZVS DC/DC Series Resonant Converters”, 32nd Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference Vancouver, BC, Canada (2001).
  • [30] Fang, Z., Xie, F., Huang, Z., “Hybrid PFM and PWM Modulation Scheme for Series Resonant Bidirectional DC/DC Converter”, 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.

Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 1 - 19, 29.04.2025

Muhammet Beşer Tezgel , Ahmet Karaarslan

https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1571579

Öz

This study investigates the application of a combined modulation approach, integrating both phase shift modulation (PSM) and pulse width modulation (PWM), in driving a bidirectional Capacitor-Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor (CLLC) dual active bridge (DAB) resonant converter. Unlike conventional hybrid switching techniques, wherein the system toggles between PWM and PSM signals, this proposed method introduces a unified modulation signal for the switching process. The dynamic control of two modulation parameters, namely duty ratio and phase shift angle, plays a pivotal role in shaping the switching sequence. Adopting this innovative methodology yields notable advantages, such as reducing output ripple and preventing resonant effects on the desired output waveform. The implementation of this system is carried out using the MATLAB/SIMULINK program, facilitating comprehensive validation across various operational modes such as buck, boost, and unity operations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PI control combined modulation phase shift modulation pulse width modulation CLLC resonant converter

Kaynakça

  • [1] Josevski, M., Korompili, A., Monti, A., “Modelling and Voltage Control of Bidirectional Resonant DC/DC Converter for Application in Marine Power Systems”, IFAC, Aachen (2020).
  • [2] Liu, Y., Du, G., Wang, X., Lei, Y., “Analysis and Design of High-Efficiency Bidirectional GaN-Based CLLC Resonant Converter”, Energies (2019).
  • [3] Sun, L., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Han, J., Suo, X., Li, X., “Analysis and design of assymmetric CLLC resonant DC- DC converter”, International Transactions Energy Systems (2020).
  • [4] Sun, K., Gao, Y., Chen, H., “Bi-Directional High- Conversion-Ratio CLLC Resonant Converter with a New Synchronous Rectification Scheme for Low Conduction Loss”, IEEE Journal of Industry Applications (2020) : 512-522.
  • [5] Lui, C., Wang, J., Colombage, K., Gould, C., Sen, B., “A CLLC Resonant Converter Based Bidirectional EV Charger with Maximum Efficiency Tracking”, 8th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2016) Glasgow, UK (2016).
  • [6] Jung, J.H., Kim, H.S., Ryu, M.H., Baek, J.W., “Design Methodology of Bidirectional CLLC Resonant Converter for High-Frequency Isolation of DC Distribution Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (2013).
  • [7] Lin, F., Zhang, X., Li, X., “Design Methodology for Symmetric CLLC Resonant DC Transformer Considering Voltage Conversion Ratio, System Ability and Efficiency”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (2021) : 10157-10170.
  • [8] Wei, Y., Luo, Q., Mantooth, H.A., “LLC and CLLC Resonant Converters Based DC Transformer (DCXs): Characteristics, Issues and Solutions”, CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, 6(4) (2021) : 332-348.
  • [9] Zhao, B., Zhang, X. and Huang, J., “Design of CLLC Resonant Converters for the Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Applications”, IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC) Shenzhen, China (2018).
  • [10] Zahid, Z.U., Dalala, Z.M., Chen, R., Chen, B., Lai, J.S., “Design of Bidirectional DC–DC Resonant Converter for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 1(3) (2015) : 232-244.
  • [11] Dhakar, A.K., Soni, A., Saini V., Chandel, S., “Design of Bi-directional CLLC Resonant Converter with Planar Transformer and Synchronous Rectification for Energy Storage Systems”, IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES) Jaipur, India, (2020).
  • [12] Hasnain, A., Paduani, V., Kondrath, N., Zhou, R., Pant, P., Jiao, Q., “Control Structure for Bidirectional Battery Charger Integrating 3-Φ PFC AC/DC and CLLC DC/DC Converters”, IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020) (2020).
  • [13] Dhakar, A.K., Soni, A., Bansal, H.O., “Design and Control of a Bi-directional CLLC Resonant Converter For Low voltage Energy Storage Systems”, IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON) (2020).
  • [14] Koga, Y., Mishima, T., “Analysis and Verification on CLLC Resonant Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Based on Variable Frequency Phase Difference Control Principle”, IEEE 18th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC) Budapest, Hungary (2018).
  • [15] Zhu, T., Zhuo, F., Zhao, F., Song R., Wang F., Yi, H., “Analysis of Multiple Phase-shift Control for Full-bridge CLLC Resonant Converter Based on Improved Fundamental Harmonic Approximation Method”, IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL) Aalborg, Denmark (2020).
  • [16] Yang, D., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Wang, W., Liu, J., “Overview of CLLC Modulation Strategy”, International Power Electronics Conference (2022).
  • [17] Youssef, M.Z., Jain, P.K., “A Review and Performance Evaluation of Control Techniques in Resonant Converters”, The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Busan, Korea (2004).
  • [18] Liu, X., Huang, J., Li, G., Ma, P., Tong, X., “Hybrid Pulse Frequency and Width Modulation scheme for Three-port Resonant DC/DC Converters”, IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Singapore (2020).
  • [19] Zhu, T., Yu, K., Zhuo, F., Wang, F., Zhao, F., Song, R., “A Novel APWM Control Scheme for GaN Based Full-Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter with Improved Light-Load Efficiency”, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) New Orleans, LA, USA (2020).
  • [20] Li, L., Cao, Y., Hou, L., Mao, T., Ning, W., “PFM-PS Hybrid Control Strategy CLLC Resonant Converter Research”. 8th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE) (2023).
  • [21] Wei, Y., Luo, Q., Montooth, A., “Overview of Modulation Strategies for LLC Resonant Converter”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (2020) : 10423- 10443.
  • [22] Wei, Y., Woldegiorgis, D., Mantooth, A., “Control Strategies Overview for LLC Resonant Converter with Fixed Frequency Operation”, IEEE 11th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) Dubrovnik, Croatia (2020).
  • [23] Xie, M., Bi, K., Ai, J., Fan, Q., “A Hybrid Control Strategy for CLLLC Resonant Converter Based on PS-PFM under Wide Input Voltage”, 26th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) (2023).
  • [24] Qin, M., Zhang, F., Ye, A., Huang, L., Tian, Q., “A Novel Hybrid Modulation Strategy of LLC Resonant Converter with Capacitive Load”, IEEE 4th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC) (2021).
  • [25] Kececioglu, O.F., Gani, A., Sekkeli, M., “Improved hybrid intelligent controller design for MPPT of stand-alone PV System”, Turkish Journal of Engineering 5(1) (2021) : 20-28.
  • [26] Zou, S., Lu, J., Mallik, A., Khaligh A., “Bi-Directional CLLC Converter With Synchronous Rectification for Plug-In Electric Vehicles”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54(2) (2018) : 998-1005.
  • [27] Duan, C., Bai, H., Guo, W., Nie, Z., “Design of a 2.5-kW 400/12-V High-Efficiency DC/DC Converter Using a Novel Synchronous Rectification Control for Electric Vehicles”, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 1(1) (2015) : 106-114.
  • [28] Jinglu, C., Fengrui, Z., Yonghui, D., Xinzheng, W., “Design of Synchronous Rectification DC-DC Converter”, IEEE 5th Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC) (2021).
  • [29] Burdio, J.M., Canales, F., Barbosa, P.M., Lee, F.C., “A Comparison Study of Fixed-Frequency Control Strategies for ZVS DC/DC Series Resonant Converters”, 32nd Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference Vancouver, BC, Canada (2001).
  • [30] Fang, Z., Xie, F., Huang, Z., “Hybrid PFM and PWM Modulation Scheme for Series Resonant Bidirectional DC/DC Converter”, 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Elektrik Devreleri ve Sistemleri
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Muhammet Beşer Tezgel 0009-0002-4411-2795

Ahmet Karaarslan 0000-0001-6475-4539

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 11 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tezgel, M. B., & Karaarslan, A. (2025). Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 10(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1571579
AMA Tezgel MB, Karaarslan A. Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter. JETAS. Nisan 2025;10(1):1-19. doi:10.30931/jetas.1571579
Chicago Tezgel, Muhammet Beşer, ve Ahmet Karaarslan. “Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter”. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 10, sy. 1 (Nisan 2025): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1571579.
EndNote Tezgel MB, Karaarslan A (01 Nisan 2025) Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 10 1 1–19.
IEEE M. B. Tezgel ve A. Karaarslan, “Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter”, JETAS, c. 10, sy. 1, ss. 1–19, 2025, doi: 10.30931/jetas.1571579.
ISNAD Tezgel, Muhammet Beşer - Karaarslan, Ahmet. “Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter”. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 10/1 (Nisan 2025), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1571579.
JAMA Tezgel MB, Karaarslan A. Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter. JETAS. 2025;10:1–19.
MLA Tezgel, Muhammet Beşer ve Ahmet Karaarslan. “Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter”. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, c. 10, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 1-19, doi:10.30931/jetas.1571579.
Vancouver Tezgel MB, Karaarslan A. Hybrid PSM-PWM Combined Modulation Applied to Bidırectional Dual Active Bridge CLLC Resonant Converter. JETAS. 2025;10(1):1-19.