Araştırma Makalesi
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MEYVE KABUKLARININ SULU EKSTRELERİ VE POLİBİTKİSEL FORMÜLASYONUNUN NÖROFARMAKOLOJİK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ANTİDEPRESAN VE KAS GEVŞETME POTANSİYELİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 2, 8 - 8

Aruna Kumari Dokkada Vijay Srinivas Pothula , Gana Manjusha Kondepudi

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1548158

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Annona squamosa, Cucumis melo, Actinidia deliciosa, Malus pumila gibi belirli meyvelerin kabuklarının nörofarmakolojik özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Wistar albino sıçanlar (ağırlıkları 150 g) cinsiyete bakılmaksızın zorunlu yüzme testleri, hareket değerlendirmeleri ve kas koordinasyonu değerlendirmeleri için altı gruba ayrıldı. Referans standartlar olarak diazepam ve imipramin kullanıldı. 200 ve 400 mg/kg dozlarında, tüm kabuk ekstraktları hareketsizlik süresinde azalma, rotarod performansında iyileşme ve lokomotor aktivitede kayda değer bir artış gösterdi.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Hareketsizlik süresine ilişkin etkinlik sıralaması şu şekildeydi: PHF>APMP>APCM >APAS>APAD. İskelet kası gevşemesi açısından etkinlik sırası şu şekildeydi: PHF>APCM>APMP>APAD>APAS ve tedavi gruplarının lokomotor aktivitesi şu sırayı takip etti: PHF>APMP>APCM>APAD>APAS. Seçilen tüm kabuk özleri hareketsizlik, lokomotor aktivite ve kas üzerinde kayda değer etkiler sergiledi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meyve kabukları nörolojik aktivite polibitkisel karışım

Kaynakça

  • 1. Alley, M.C., Scudiero, D.A., Monkes, A., Hursey, M.L., Czerwinski, M.J., Fine, D.L., Abbott, B.J., Mayo, J.G., Shoemaker, R.H., Boyd, M.R. (1988). Feasibility of drug screening with panel of human tumor cell lines using a microculture tetrazolium assay. Cancer Research, 48(3), 589-601.
  • 2. Arya, A., Chahal, R., Rao, R., Rahman, M., Kaushik, D., Akhtar, M.F., Mittal, V. (2021). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential of various sesquiterpene analogues for Alzheimer’s disease therapy. Biomolecules, 11(3), 350. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Rahman, M.A., Hannan, M.A., Dash, R., Rahman, M.H., Islam, R., Uddin, M.J., Rhim, H. (2021). Phytochemicals as a complement to cancer chemotherapy: Pharmacological modulation of the autophagy-apoptosis pathway. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Sindhu, R.K., Kaur, P., Kaur, P., Singh, H., El-Saber Batiha, G., Vermaet I. (2022). Exploring multifunctional antioxidants as potential agents for management of neurological disorders. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 24458-24477. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Rahman, M.H., Akter, R., Kamal, M.A. (2020). Prospective function of different antioxidant containing natural products in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets.
  • 6. Sharma, V.K., Singh, T.G., Garg, N., Dhiman, S., Gupta, S., Rahman, M., Abdel-Daim, M.M. (2021). Dysbiosis and Alzheimer’s disease: A role for chronic stress? Biomolecules, 11(5), 678. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Bhattacharya, T., Dey, P.S., Akter, R., Kabir, M.T., Rahman, M.H., Rauf, A. (2021). Effect of natural leaf extracts as phytomedicine in curing geriatrics. Experimental Gerontology, 150, 111352. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Akter, R., Rahman, H., Behl, T., Chowdhury, M., Rahman, A., Manirujjaman, M., Bungau, S. (2021). Prospective role of polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets, 20(5), 430-450.
  • 9. Fadaka, A.O., Ajiboye, B.O., Adewale, I., Ojo, O.A., Oyinloye, B.E., Okesola, M.A. (2019). Significance of antioxidants in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Phytopharmacology, 8(2), 75-83. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Ali Al-Mamary, M., Moussa, Z. (2021). Antioxidant activity: The presence and impact of hydroxyl groups in small molecules of natural and synthetic origin. Antioxidants-Benefits, Sources, Mechanisms of Action. IntechOpen. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Houldsworth, A. (2024). Role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders: A review of reactive oxygen species and prevention by antioxidants. Brain Communications, 6(1), fcad356. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Kabongo, J.D., Idowu, S.O., Capaldi, N., Zu, L., Das Gupta, A. (2013). Waste Valorization, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp2701-2706.
  • 13. Merrington, A. (2017). Recycling of plastics. Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook, Plastics Design Library, M. Kutz, William Andrew Publishing, 167-189.
  • 14. Allwood, J.M. (2014). Squaring the Circular Economy: The Role of Recycling within a Hierarchy of Material Management Strategies. Handbook of Recycling, Boston: Elsevier, pp 445-477.
  • 15. Adıgüzel, F., & Donato, C. (2021). Proud to be sustainable: Upcycled versus recycled luxury products, Journal of Business Research, 130(C), 137-146.
  • 16. Lauria, A., & Lizundia, E. (2020). Luminescent carbon dots obtained from polymeric waste, Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121288.
  • 17. Lizundia, E., Luzi, F., Puglia, D. (2022). Organic waste valorisation towards circular and sustainable biocomposites. Green Chemistry: An International Journal and Green Chemistry Resource: GC, 24(14), 5429-5459. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Beetch, M., Harandi-Zadeh, S., Shen, K., Lubecka, K., Kitts, D.D., O'Hagan, H.M., Stefanska, B. (2020). Dietary antioxidants remodel DNA methylation patterns in chronic disease. British Journal of Pharmacology, 177(6), 1382-1408. [CrossRef]
  • 19. El Zawawy, N.A. (2015). Antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial studies and quantitative phytochemical estimation of ethanolic extracts of selected fruit peels. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(5), 298-309.
  • 20. Karmakar, S., De, S. (2019). Pectin Removal and Clarification of Juices. Separation of Functional Molecules in Food by Membrane Technology, Academic Press, 155-194.
  • 21. Wolfe, K., Wu, X., Liu, R.H. (2003). Antioxidant activity of apple peels. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 609-614. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Win Min Oo, M., Myat Mon Khine. (2017). Pharmacological activities of Annona squamosa: Updated Review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 3(6), 86-93. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Lydia, D.E., John, S., Swetha, V., & Sivapriya, T. (2017). Investigation on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of custard apple (Annona reticulata) peel extracts. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(4), 241-249. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Shastri, K.V., Bhatia, V., Parikh, P.R., & Chaphekar, V.N. (2012). Actinidia deliciosa: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(10), 3543-3549. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Alim, A., Li, T., Nisar, T., Ren, D., Zhai, X., Pang, Y., Yang, X. (2019). Evaluation of the effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols on antioxidant activity and inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and lipase activities. Molecules, 24(24), 4620.
  • 26. Preeti, Raju, P.N. (2017). Comprehensive Overview of Cucumis melo. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 6(10), 181-186.
  • 27. Ismail, H., Chan, K.W., Mariod, A., Ismail, M. (2010). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) methanolic extracts. Food Chemistry, 119, 643-647. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Dhingra, D., Sharma, A. (2006). Antidepressant-like activity of n-hexane extract of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) seeds in mice. Journal of Medicinal Food, 9(1), 84-89. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Pandey, A., Tripathi, S. (2014). Concept of standardization, extraction, and pre-phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2, 115-9.
  • 30. Porsolt, R.D., Anton, G., Blavet, N., Jalfre, M. (1978). Behavioral despair in rats: A new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. European Journal of Pharmacology, 47(4), 379-391. [CrossRef]
  • 31. Yu, L., Jiang, X., Liao, M., Ma, R., Yu, T. (2011). Antidepressant-like effect of tetra methyl pyrazine in mice and rats. Neuroscience and Medicine, 2, 142-148.
  • 32. Gupta, M., Mazumder, U.K., Kumar, T.S., Gomathi, P., Kumar, R.S. (2004). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Bauhinia racemosa against paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride induced liver damagein rats. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 3, 12-20.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUIT PEELS AND THEIR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ANTIDEPRESSANT AND MUSCLE RELAXANT POTENTIAL

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 2, 8 - 8

Aruna Kumari Dokkada Vijay Srinivas Pothula , Gana Manjusha Kondepudi

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1548158

Öz

Objective: This study aims to assess the neuropharmacological properties of peels from specific fruits, namely Annona squamosa, Cucumis melo, Actinidia deliciosa, Malus pumila.
Material and Method: Wistar albino rats (weighing 150 g), regardless of gender, were allocated into six groups for forced swim tests, locomotion assessments, and muscle coordination evaluations. Diazepam and imipramine were employed as reference standards. At doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, all peel extracts showed a reduction in immobility time, improved rotarod performance, and a notable increase in locomotor activity.
Result and Discussion: The efficacy ranking for immobility time was as follows PHF>APMP>APCM>APAS>APAD. In terms of skeletal muscle relaxation, the order of effectiveness was: PHF>APCM>APMP>APAD>APAS and the treatment groups' locomotor activity followed this sequence: PHF>APMP>APCM>APAD>APAS. All the selected peel extracts exhibited noteworthy effects on immobility, locomotor activity, and muscle relaxation. However, a more comprehensive investigation is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of the selected peel extracts and PHF.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fruit peels neurological activity polyherbal mixture

Kaynakça

  • 1. Alley, M.C., Scudiero, D.A., Monkes, A., Hursey, M.L., Czerwinski, M.J., Fine, D.L., Abbott, B.J., Mayo, J.G., Shoemaker, R.H., Boyd, M.R. (1988). Feasibility of drug screening with panel of human tumor cell lines using a microculture tetrazolium assay. Cancer Research, 48(3), 589-601.
  • 2. Arya, A., Chahal, R., Rao, R., Rahman, M., Kaushik, D., Akhtar, M.F., Mittal, V. (2021). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential of various sesquiterpene analogues for Alzheimer’s disease therapy. Biomolecules, 11(3), 350. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Rahman, M.A., Hannan, M.A., Dash, R., Rahman, M.H., Islam, R., Uddin, M.J., Rhim, H. (2021). Phytochemicals as a complement to cancer chemotherapy: Pharmacological modulation of the autophagy-apoptosis pathway. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Sindhu, R.K., Kaur, P., Kaur, P., Singh, H., El-Saber Batiha, G., Vermaet I. (2022). Exploring multifunctional antioxidants as potential agents for management of neurological disorders. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 24458-24477. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Rahman, M.H., Akter, R., Kamal, M.A. (2020). Prospective function of different antioxidant containing natural products in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets.
  • 6. Sharma, V.K., Singh, T.G., Garg, N., Dhiman, S., Gupta, S., Rahman, M., Abdel-Daim, M.M. (2021). Dysbiosis and Alzheimer’s disease: A role for chronic stress? Biomolecules, 11(5), 678. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Bhattacharya, T., Dey, P.S., Akter, R., Kabir, M.T., Rahman, M.H., Rauf, A. (2021). Effect of natural leaf extracts as phytomedicine in curing geriatrics. Experimental Gerontology, 150, 111352. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Akter, R., Rahman, H., Behl, T., Chowdhury, M., Rahman, A., Manirujjaman, M., Bungau, S. (2021). Prospective role of polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets, 20(5), 430-450.
  • 9. Fadaka, A.O., Ajiboye, B.O., Adewale, I., Ojo, O.A., Oyinloye, B.E., Okesola, M.A. (2019). Significance of antioxidants in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Phytopharmacology, 8(2), 75-83. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Ali Al-Mamary, M., Moussa, Z. (2021). Antioxidant activity: The presence and impact of hydroxyl groups in small molecules of natural and synthetic origin. Antioxidants-Benefits, Sources, Mechanisms of Action. IntechOpen. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Houldsworth, A. (2024). Role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders: A review of reactive oxygen species and prevention by antioxidants. Brain Communications, 6(1), fcad356. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Kabongo, J.D., Idowu, S.O., Capaldi, N., Zu, L., Das Gupta, A. (2013). Waste Valorization, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp2701-2706.
  • 13. Merrington, A. (2017). Recycling of plastics. Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook, Plastics Design Library, M. Kutz, William Andrew Publishing, 167-189.
  • 14. Allwood, J.M. (2014). Squaring the Circular Economy: The Role of Recycling within a Hierarchy of Material Management Strategies. Handbook of Recycling, Boston: Elsevier, pp 445-477.
  • 15. Adıgüzel, F., & Donato, C. (2021). Proud to be sustainable: Upcycled versus recycled luxury products, Journal of Business Research, 130(C), 137-146.
  • 16. Lauria, A., & Lizundia, E. (2020). Luminescent carbon dots obtained from polymeric waste, Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121288.
  • 17. Lizundia, E., Luzi, F., Puglia, D. (2022). Organic waste valorisation towards circular and sustainable biocomposites. Green Chemistry: An International Journal and Green Chemistry Resource: GC, 24(14), 5429-5459. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Beetch, M., Harandi-Zadeh, S., Shen, K., Lubecka, K., Kitts, D.D., O'Hagan, H.M., Stefanska, B. (2020). Dietary antioxidants remodel DNA methylation patterns in chronic disease. British Journal of Pharmacology, 177(6), 1382-1408. [CrossRef]
  • 19. El Zawawy, N.A. (2015). Antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial studies and quantitative phytochemical estimation of ethanolic extracts of selected fruit peels. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(5), 298-309.
  • 20. Karmakar, S., De, S. (2019). Pectin Removal and Clarification of Juices. Separation of Functional Molecules in Food by Membrane Technology, Academic Press, 155-194.
  • 21. Wolfe, K., Wu, X., Liu, R.H. (2003). Antioxidant activity of apple peels. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 609-614. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Win Min Oo, M., Myat Mon Khine. (2017). Pharmacological activities of Annona squamosa: Updated Review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 3(6), 86-93. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Lydia, D.E., John, S., Swetha, V., & Sivapriya, T. (2017). Investigation on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of custard apple (Annona reticulata) peel extracts. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(4), 241-249. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Shastri, K.V., Bhatia, V., Parikh, P.R., & Chaphekar, V.N. (2012). Actinidia deliciosa: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(10), 3543-3549. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Alim, A., Li, T., Nisar, T., Ren, D., Zhai, X., Pang, Y., Yang, X. (2019). Evaluation of the effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols on antioxidant activity and inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and lipase activities. Molecules, 24(24), 4620.
  • 26. Preeti, Raju, P.N. (2017). Comprehensive Overview of Cucumis melo. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 6(10), 181-186.
  • 27. Ismail, H., Chan, K.W., Mariod, A., Ismail, M. (2010). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) methanolic extracts. Food Chemistry, 119, 643-647. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Dhingra, D., Sharma, A. (2006). Antidepressant-like activity of n-hexane extract of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) seeds in mice. Journal of Medicinal Food, 9(1), 84-89. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Pandey, A., Tripathi, S. (2014). Concept of standardization, extraction, and pre-phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2, 115-9.
  • 30. Porsolt, R.D., Anton, G., Blavet, N., Jalfre, M. (1978). Behavioral despair in rats: A new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. European Journal of Pharmacology, 47(4), 379-391. [CrossRef]
  • 31. Yu, L., Jiang, X., Liao, M., Ma, R., Yu, T. (2011). Antidepressant-like effect of tetra methyl pyrazine in mice and rats. Neuroscience and Medicine, 2, 142-148.
  • 32. Gupta, M., Mazumder, U.K., Kumar, T.S., Gomathi, P., Kumar, R.S. (2004). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Bauhinia racemosa against paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride induced liver damagein rats. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 3, 12-20.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Farmakognozi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Aruna Kumari Dokkada 0000-0001-8167-6456

Vijay Srinivas Pothula 0000-0003-1496-8226

Gana Manjusha Kondepudi 0000-0002-7982-6934

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 4 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 28 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 49 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Dokkada, A. K., Pothula, V. S., & Kondepudi, G. M. (2025). NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUIT PEELS AND THEIR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ANTIDEPRESSANT AND MUSCLE RELAXANT POTENTIAL. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 49(2), 8-8. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1548158
AMA Dokkada AK, Pothula VS, Kondepudi GM. NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUIT PEELS AND THEIR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ANTIDEPRESSANT AND MUSCLE RELAXANT POTENTIAL. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. Mayıs 2025;49(2):8-8. doi:10.33483/jfpau.1548158
Chicago Dokkada, Aruna Kumari, Vijay Srinivas Pothula, ve Gana Manjusha Kondepudi. “NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUIT PEELS AND THEIR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ANTIDEPRESSANT AND MUSCLE RELAXANT POTENTIAL”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 49, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2025): 8-8. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1548158.
EndNote Dokkada AK, Pothula VS, Kondepudi GM (01 Mayıs 2025) NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUIT PEELS AND THEIR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ANTIDEPRESSANT AND MUSCLE RELAXANT POTENTIAL. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 49 2 8–8.
IEEE A. K. Dokkada, V. S. Pothula, ve G. M. Kondepudi, “NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUIT PEELS AND THEIR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ANTIDEPRESSANT AND MUSCLE RELAXANT POTENTIAL”, Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg., c. 49, sy. 2, ss. 8–8, 2025, doi: 10.33483/jfpau.1548158.
ISNAD Dokkada, Aruna Kumari vd. “NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUIT PEELS AND THEIR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ANTIDEPRESSANT AND MUSCLE RELAXANT POTENTIAL”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 49/2 (Mayıs 2025), 8-8. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1548158.
JAMA Dokkada AK, Pothula VS, Kondepudi GM. NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUIT PEELS AND THEIR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ANTIDEPRESSANT AND MUSCLE RELAXANT POTENTIAL. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. 2025;49:8–8.
MLA Dokkada, Aruna Kumari vd. “NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUIT PEELS AND THEIR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ANTIDEPRESSANT AND MUSCLE RELAXANT POTENTIAL”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, c. 49, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 8-8, doi:10.33483/jfpau.1548158.
Vancouver Dokkada AK, Pothula VS, Kondepudi GM. NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FRUIT PEELS AND THEIR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ANTIDEPRESSANT AND MUSCLE RELAXANT POTENTIAL. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. 2025;49(2):8-.
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Kapsam ve Amaç

Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, açık erişim, hakemli bir dergi olup Türkçe veya İngilizce olarak farmasötik bilimler alanındaki önemli gelişmeleri içeren orijinal araştırmalar, derlemeler ve kısa bildiriler için uluslararası bir yayım ortamıdır. Bilimsel toplantılarda sunulan bildiriler supleman özel sayısı olarak dergide yayımlanabilir. Ayrıca, tüm farmasötik alandaki gelecek ve önceki ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel toplantılar ile sosyal aktiviteleri içerir.