DİYABETİ OLAN SPORCULARIN BESLENME YAKLAŞIMLARI: PERFORMANS VE METABOLİZMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLER
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 29 - 41, 29.04.2025
Şilan Aktarli
,
Mert Aşit
,
Başak Öney
Öz
Sporcuların beslenme gereksinimleri, yapılan sporun türüne göre değişmekle birlikte genellikle yüksek enerji ve makro besin ögesi alımını gerektirir, ancak diyabetli sporcularda bu gereksinimler kan şekeri kontrolü ile dikkatlice yönetilmelidir. Çünkü diyabet, vücudun kan şekerini düzenleme yeteneğini etkileyen kronik ve metabolik bir hastalıktır. Diyabetli bireylerin kan glikoz seviyelerini kontrol altında tutabilmeleri için dikkatli bir beslenme stratejisi geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Diyabetli sporcular için beslenme hem hastalığın yönetimi hem de spor performansının optimize edilmesi açısından kritiktir. Kan şekerini kontrol etmek için dengeli karbonhidrat, protein ve sağlıklı yağ alımı gereklidir. Ayrıca, sıvı ve elektrolit dengesi de performansı etkiler. Beslenme planları spor türü ve yoğunluğuna göre özelleştirilmelidir; dayanıklılık sporlarında karbonhidrat, kuvvet antrenmanlarında ise protein daha önemlidir. Beslenme düzenlemeleri egzersiz öncesi, sırası ve sonrası besin türü ve zamanlamasına göre kişiselleştirilmelidir. Bu derleme, diyabetli sporcuların beslenme stratejilerini ve bu stratejilerin fiziksel performans ve metabolizma üzerine etkilerini ele almaktadır.
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