Öz
Maintaining fluid homeostasis during exercise is critical for optimising exercise capacity. Fluid loss can make hydration difficult, especially when fluid intake is inadequate or absorption is difficult. Sports drinks are designed to improve hydration by increasing fluid intake, absorption and retention. Traditional sports drinks are often based on carbohydrate-electrolyte combinations and are effective in compensating for fluid loss. However, natural ingredients such as milk have been proposed as an alternative source of hydration for sports drinks, especially due to its high electrolyte concentrations and favourable carbohydrate content. However, the high energy density and viscosity of milk can lead to gastric discomfort during exercise, so lighter and easily digestible alternatives are sought. Milk permeate is a by-product of milk ultrafiltration, rich in carbohydrates and electrolytes, and provides an alternative ingredient in sports drinks. In this review, the potential effects of milk permeate on hydration and its contributions to performance are discussed. Available findings in the literature suggest that milk permeate-based beverages may provide favourable effects on fluid retention and rehydration compared to conventional carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions. However, data on the use of milk permeate in different types of sports and under different conditions are limited. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of milk permeate on hydration and performance and to make an original contribution on how this ingredient can be used more efficiently in the production of sports drinks.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Exercise performance Electrolyte content Sports drink Fluid balance Milk permeate
Kaynakça
- Ahmad, S., Anjum, F. M., Huma, N., Sameen, A., & Zahoor, T. (2013). Composition and physico-chemical characteristics of buffalo milk with particular emphasis on lipids, proteins, minerals, enzymes and vitamins. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23(1), 62-74.
- Akın, N., & Özışık, D. (2023). İnsan Bağırsak Mikrobiyomu Covid-19 İçin Tedavi Stratejileriyle İlişkilendiren Mekanizmalar. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 561-581.
- Baguley, B. J., Zilujko, J., Leveritt, M. D., Desbrow, B., & Irwin, C. (2016). The effect of ad libitum consumption of a milk-based liquid meal supplement vs. a traditional sports drink on fluid balance after exercise. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 26(4), 347-355.
- Berry, C. W. (2022). Efficacy of a Milk Permeate-Based Beverage for Hydration and Exercise Performance. The Pennsylvania State University.
- Berry, C. W., Murray, B., & Kenney, W. L. (2022). Scientific basis for a milk permeate-based sports drink–A critical review. International Dairy Journal, 127, 105296.
- Berry, C. W., Wolf, S. T., Murray, B., & Kenney, W. L. (2020). Hydration efficacy of a milk permeate-based oral hydration solution. Nutrients, 12(5), 1502.
- El-Khair, A. A. A. (2009). Formulation of milk permeate for utilization as electrolyte beverages. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 572-578.
- Gartner, L. M., Morton, J., Lawrence, R. A., Naylor, A. J., O'Hare, D., Schanler, R. J., & Eidelman, A. I. (2005). Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 115(2), 496-506.
- Geilman, W. G., Schmidt, D., Herfurth-Kennedy, C., Path, J., & Cullor, J. (1992). Production of an electrolyte beverage from milk permeate. Journal of dairy science, 75(9), 2364-2369.
- Gerosa, S., & Skoet, J. (2012). Milk availability: trends in production and demand and medium-term outlook. GoodSport (2024). GoodSport hydration drink: Rehydration, performance, and electrolyte balance. GoodSport. Retrieved from https://www.goodsportdrink.com
- Jéquier, E., & Constant, F. (2010). Water as an essential nutrient: the physiological basis of hydration. European journal of clinical nutrition, 64(2), 115-123.
- Kanca, N., Altınay, C., & Delialioğlu, R. A. (2023). Farklı oranlarda peyniraltı suyu ve süt bazlı fermente içeceklerin bazı özellikleri. Gıda, 48(1), 38-49.
- Kiela, P. R., & Ghishan, F. K. (2016). Physiology of intestinal absorption and secretion. Best practice & research Clinical gastroenterology, 30(2), 145-159.
- Kleiner, S. M. (1999). Water: an essential but overlooked nutrient. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99(2), 200-206.
- Konuspayeva, G., Faye, B., & Loiseau, G. (2009). The composition of camel milk: a meta-analysis of the literature data. Journal of food composition and analysis, 22(2), 95-101.
- Lawrence, R. A. (2022). Biochemistry of human milk. In Breastfeeding (pp. 93-144). Elsevier.
- Lee, J. K., Maughan, R. J., Shirreffs, S. M., & Watson, P. (2008). Effects of milk ingestion on prolonged exercise capacity in young, healthy men. Nutrition, 24(4), 340-347.
- Leiper, J. B. (2015). Fate of ingested fluids: factors affecting gastric emptying and intestinal absorption of beverages in humans. Nutrition reviews, 73(suppl_2), 57-72.
- Maughan, R. J., & Shirreffs, S. M. (2008). Development of individual hydration strategies for athletes. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 18(5), 457-472.
- Maughan, R. J., Leiper, J., & Shirreffs, S. M. (1997). Factors influencing the restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance after exercise in the heat. British journal of sports medicine, 31(3), 175-182.
- Maughan, R. J., Watson, P., Cordery, P. A., Walsh, N. P., Oliver, S. J., Dolci, A., ... & Galloway, S. D. (2016). A randomized trial to assess the potential of different beverages to affect hydration status: development of a beverage hydration index. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 103(3), 717-723.
- Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group, T. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of internal medicine, 151(4), 264-269.
- Nielsen, B., SjØgaard, G., Ugelvig, J., Knudsen, B., & Dohlmann, B. (1986). Fluid balance in exercise dehydration and rehydration with different glucose-electrolyte drinks. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 55(3), 318-325.
- Oftedal, O. T. (2012). The evolution of milk secretion and its ancient origins. Animal, 6(3), 355-368. Park, Y. W., Juárez, M., Ramos, M. G. F. W., & Haenlein, G. F. W. (2007). Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small ruminant research, 68(1-2), 88-113.
- Pavan Kumar, P. K., Neelesh Sharma, N. S., Rajeev Ranjan, R. R., Sunil Kumar, S. K., Bhat, Z. F., & Jeong DongKee, J. D. (2013). Perspective of membrane technology in dairy industry: a review.
- Roy, B. D. (2008). Milk: the new sports drink? A Review. Journal of the international society of sports nutrition, 5(1), 15.
- Sawka, M. N., Cheuvront, S. N., & Carter, R. (2005). Human water needs. Nutrition reviews, 63(suppl_1), S30-S39.
- Shamsia, S. M. (2009). Nutritional and therapeutic properties of camel and human milks. International journal of genetics and molecular biology, 1(2), 52-58.
- Shirreffs, S. M. (2001). Restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance after exercise. Canadian journal of applied physiology, 26(S1), S228-S235.
- Shirreffs, S. M. (2009). Hydration in sport and exercise: water, sports drinks and other drinks. Nutrition bulletin, 34(4), 374-379.
- Shirreffs, S. M., & Maughan, R. J. (2000). Rehydration and recovery of fluid balance after exercise. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 28(1), 27-32.
- Wolf, A., Bray, G. A., & Popkin, B. M. (2008). A short history of beverages and how our body treats them. Obesity reviews, 9(2), 151-164.
- Yoshikawa, K., Okada, T., Munakata, S., Okahashi, A., Yonezawa, R., Makimoto, M., ... & Yamamoto, T. (2010).
- Association between serum lipoprotein lipase mass concentration and subcutaneous fat accumulation during neonatal period. European journal of clinical nutrition, 64(5), 447-453.
SÜT PERMEATI ORİJİNLİ SPOR İÇECEKLERİNİN BİLİMSEL İNCELEMESİ: HİDRASYON VE PERFORMANS ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Öz
Egzersiz sırasında sıvı homeostazının korunması, egzersiz kapasitesinin optimize edilmesi için kritik öneme sahiptir. Sıvı kaybı, özellikle sıvı alımının yetersiz olduğu veya emiliminin zorlaştığı durumlarda, hidrasyonu zorlaştırabilir. Spor içecekleri, sıvı alımını, emilimini ve tutulmasını artırarak hidrasyonu iyileştirmek amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Geleneksel spor içecekleri genellikle karbonhidrat-elektrolit kombinasyonlarına dayanmakta olup, sıvı kaybını telafi etmekte etkilidir. Ancak, süt gibi doğal bileşenler, özellikle yüksek elektrolit konsantrasyonları ve uygun karbonhidrat içeriği nedeniyle sporcu içecekleri için alternatif bir hidrasyon kaynağı olarak önerilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, sütün yüksek enerji yoğunluğu ve viskozitesi, egzersiz sırasında mide rahatsızlıklarına yol açabileceğinden, daha hafif ve sindirimi kolay alternatifler aranmaktadır. Süt permeatı, sütün ultrafiltrasyonu sırasında elde edilen ve karbonhidratlar ile elektrolitler açısından zengin bir yan ürün olup, spor içeceklerine alternatif bir bileşen sunmaktadır. Bu derlemede, süt permeatının hidrasyon üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri ve performansa yönelik katkıları ele alınmaktadır. Literatürdeki mevcut bulgular, süt permeatı bazlı içeceklerin geleneksel karbonhidrat-elektrolit çözeltilerine kıyasla sıvı tutulumu ve rehidrasyon üzerinde olumlu etkiler sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir. Ancak, süt permeatının farklı spor türlerinde ve farklı koşullarda kullanımıyla ilgili veriler sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, süt permeatının hidrasyon ve performans etkilerini kapsamlı bir şekilde inceleyerek, bu bileşenin spor içecekleri üretiminde nasıl daha verimli kullanılabileceğine dair özgün bir katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Egzersiz performansı süt permeatı Elektrolit içeriği Spporcu içeceği Sıvı dengesi
Kaynakça
- Ahmad, S., Anjum, F. M., Huma, N., Sameen, A., & Zahoor, T. (2013). Composition and physico-chemical characteristics of buffalo milk with particular emphasis on lipids, proteins, minerals, enzymes and vitamins. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23(1), 62-74.
- Akın, N., & Özışık, D. (2023). İnsan Bağırsak Mikrobiyomu Covid-19 İçin Tedavi Stratejileriyle İlişkilendiren Mekanizmalar. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 561-581.
- Baguley, B. J., Zilujko, J., Leveritt, M. D., Desbrow, B., & Irwin, C. (2016). The effect of ad libitum consumption of a milk-based liquid meal supplement vs. a traditional sports drink on fluid balance after exercise. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 26(4), 347-355.
- Berry, C. W. (2022). Efficacy of a Milk Permeate-Based Beverage for Hydration and Exercise Performance. The Pennsylvania State University.
- Berry, C. W., Murray, B., & Kenney, W. L. (2022). Scientific basis for a milk permeate-based sports drink–A critical review. International Dairy Journal, 127, 105296.
- Berry, C. W., Wolf, S. T., Murray, B., & Kenney, W. L. (2020). Hydration efficacy of a milk permeate-based oral hydration solution. Nutrients, 12(5), 1502.
- El-Khair, A. A. A. (2009). Formulation of milk permeate for utilization as electrolyte beverages. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 572-578.
- Gartner, L. M., Morton, J., Lawrence, R. A., Naylor, A. J., O'Hare, D., Schanler, R. J., & Eidelman, A. I. (2005). Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 115(2), 496-506.
- Geilman, W. G., Schmidt, D., Herfurth-Kennedy, C., Path, J., & Cullor, J. (1992). Production of an electrolyte beverage from milk permeate. Journal of dairy science, 75(9), 2364-2369.
- Gerosa, S., & Skoet, J. (2012). Milk availability: trends in production and demand and medium-term outlook. GoodSport (2024). GoodSport hydration drink: Rehydration, performance, and electrolyte balance. GoodSport. Retrieved from https://www.goodsportdrink.com
- Jéquier, E., & Constant, F. (2010). Water as an essential nutrient: the physiological basis of hydration. European journal of clinical nutrition, 64(2), 115-123.
- Kanca, N., Altınay, C., & Delialioğlu, R. A. (2023). Farklı oranlarda peyniraltı suyu ve süt bazlı fermente içeceklerin bazı özellikleri. Gıda, 48(1), 38-49.
- Kiela, P. R., & Ghishan, F. K. (2016). Physiology of intestinal absorption and secretion. Best practice & research Clinical gastroenterology, 30(2), 145-159.
- Kleiner, S. M. (1999). Water: an essential but overlooked nutrient. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99(2), 200-206.
- Konuspayeva, G., Faye, B., & Loiseau, G. (2009). The composition of camel milk: a meta-analysis of the literature data. Journal of food composition and analysis, 22(2), 95-101.
- Lawrence, R. A. (2022). Biochemistry of human milk. In Breastfeeding (pp. 93-144). Elsevier.
- Lee, J. K., Maughan, R. J., Shirreffs, S. M., & Watson, P. (2008). Effects of milk ingestion on prolonged exercise capacity in young, healthy men. Nutrition, 24(4), 340-347.
- Leiper, J. B. (2015). Fate of ingested fluids: factors affecting gastric emptying and intestinal absorption of beverages in humans. Nutrition reviews, 73(suppl_2), 57-72.
- Maughan, R. J., & Shirreffs, S. M. (2008). Development of individual hydration strategies for athletes. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 18(5), 457-472.
- Maughan, R. J., Leiper, J., & Shirreffs, S. M. (1997). Factors influencing the restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance after exercise in the heat. British journal of sports medicine, 31(3), 175-182.
- Maughan, R. J., Watson, P., Cordery, P. A., Walsh, N. P., Oliver, S. J., Dolci, A., ... & Galloway, S. D. (2016). A randomized trial to assess the potential of different beverages to affect hydration status: development of a beverage hydration index. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 103(3), 717-723.
- Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group, T. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of internal medicine, 151(4), 264-269.
- Nielsen, B., SjØgaard, G., Ugelvig, J., Knudsen, B., & Dohlmann, B. (1986). Fluid balance in exercise dehydration and rehydration with different glucose-electrolyte drinks. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 55(3), 318-325.
- Oftedal, O. T. (2012). The evolution of milk secretion and its ancient origins. Animal, 6(3), 355-368. Park, Y. W., Juárez, M., Ramos, M. G. F. W., & Haenlein, G. F. W. (2007). Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small ruminant research, 68(1-2), 88-113.
- Pavan Kumar, P. K., Neelesh Sharma, N. S., Rajeev Ranjan, R. R., Sunil Kumar, S. K., Bhat, Z. F., & Jeong DongKee, J. D. (2013). Perspective of membrane technology in dairy industry: a review.
- Roy, B. D. (2008). Milk: the new sports drink? A Review. Journal of the international society of sports nutrition, 5(1), 15.
- Sawka, M. N., Cheuvront, S. N., & Carter, R. (2005). Human water needs. Nutrition reviews, 63(suppl_1), S30-S39.
- Shamsia, S. M. (2009). Nutritional and therapeutic properties of camel and human milks. International journal of genetics and molecular biology, 1(2), 52-58.
- Shirreffs, S. M. (2001). Restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance after exercise. Canadian journal of applied physiology, 26(S1), S228-S235.
- Shirreffs, S. M. (2009). Hydration in sport and exercise: water, sports drinks and other drinks. Nutrition bulletin, 34(4), 374-379.
- Shirreffs, S. M., & Maughan, R. J. (2000). Rehydration and recovery of fluid balance after exercise. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 28(1), 27-32.
- Wolf, A., Bray, G. A., & Popkin, B. M. (2008). A short history of beverages and how our body treats them. Obesity reviews, 9(2), 151-164.
- Yoshikawa, K., Okada, T., Munakata, S., Okahashi, A., Yonezawa, R., Makimoto, M., ... & Yamamoto, T. (2010).
- Association between serum lipoprotein lipase mass concentration and subcutaneous fat accumulation during neonatal period. European journal of clinical nutrition, 64(5), 447-453.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Spor ve Beslenme |
| Bölüm | Derlemeler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 2 Ekim 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 18 Şubat 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 |
