Gelir Eşitsizliği, Enflasyon ve Büyüme Arasındaki Asimetrik İlişkiler: Türkiye Örneği

Funda Kara

Araştırma Makalesi

Asymmetric Relationships Between Income Inequality, Inflation and Growth: The Case Of Turkey

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 283 - 297

Öz

This study aims to investigate the existence of asymmetric causalty between income inequality, inflation, and economic growth in Turkey. First of all, it is found that there is a significant symmetric causality relationship between inflation and income inequality. The findings in the context of asymmetric causality provide evidence that an increase in income inequality has a dampening effect on inflation. Moreover, decreases in income inequality have been found to have a disinflationary impact. Regarding the relationship between income inequality and growth, the results of the symmetric causality test indicate that there is a bidirectional causality relationship. When the relationship between these variables is analyzed in the context of asymmetric causality, it is observed that a decrease in economic growth decreases income inequality. In contrast, an increase in income inequality decreases economic growth. Moreover, there is evidence that a decrease in income inequality has an increasing effect on economic growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Income Inequality, Inflation, Economic Growth, Asymmetric Causality

Kaynakça

Ahituv, A., & Moav, O. (2003). Fertility clubs and economic growth. In T. Eicher & S. Turnovsky (Eds.), Inequality and growth: Theory and policy implications (pp. 61–87). MIT Press.
Aktaş, E. E. (2019). Gelir eşitsizliği ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Ampirik bir inceleme [Doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü].
Aktaş, E. E., & Dokuzoğlu, S. (2022). Enflasyon-gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi: Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için panel eşik değer analizi. Sosyoekonomi, 30(51), 449–470. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.01.22
Albanesi, S. (2007). Inflation and inequality. Journal of Monetary Economics, 54(4), 1088–1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.06.006
Al-Marhubi, F. A. (2000). Corruption and inflation. Economics Letters, 66(2), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(99)00230-X
Alesina, A., & Rodrik, D. (1994). Distributive politics and economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(2), 465–490. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118470
Alesina, A., & Perotti, R. (1996). Income distribution, political instability and investment. European Economic Review, 40(6), 1203–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)00030-5
Ali, A. K., & Asfaw, D. M. (2023). Nexus between inflation, income inequality and economic growth in Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 18(11), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294454
Bahmani-Oskooee, M., & Gelan, A. (2008). Kuznets inverted-U hypothesis revisited: A time-series approach using US data. Applied Economics Letters, 15(9), 677–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850600749040
Barro, R. J. (2000). Inequality and growth in a panel of countries. Journal of Economic Growth, 5(1), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009850119329
Barro, R. J. (2008). Inequality and growth revisited. Asian Development Bank Working Paper Series on Regional Economic Integration, No. 11.
Berisha, E., Dubey, R. S., & Gharehgozli, O. (2023). Inflation and income inequality: Does the level of income inequality matter? Applied Economics, 55(37), 4319–4330. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4317185
Bourguignon, F. (2004). The poverty-growth-inequality triangle (Working Paper No. 125). Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER). http://hdl.handle.net/10419/176147
Bulir, A. (2001). Income inequality: Does inflation matter? IMF Staff Papers, 48(1), 139–159. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451928549.001
Carter, J. R. (2006). An empirical note on economic freedom and income inequality. Public Choice, 130, 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0
Castelló-Climent, A. (2004). A reassessment of the relationship between inequality and growth: What human capital inequality data say? (Working Paper No. 2004-15). Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas.
Chong, A., & Calderon, C. (2000). Institutional quality and income distribution. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48(4), 761–786. https://doi.org/10.1086/452476
Clarke, G. R. (1995). More evidence on income distribution and growth. Journal of Development Economics, 47(2), 403–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(94)00069-O
Çakır, M. (2022). Türkiye’de gelir dağılımını etkileyen faktörler: Bölgesel analiz. In 16th International Conference on Knowledge Economy & Management Proceedings (pp. 566–576). İstanbul.
Davis, L. S. (2007). Explaining the evidence on inequality and growth: Informality and redistribution. The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, 7(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1690.1498
De la Croix, D., & Doepke, M. (2003). Inequality and growth: Why differential fertility matters. American Economic Review, 93(4), 1091–1113.
Dilber, C., & Hatipoğlu, M. (2022). Enflasyon ve gelir dağılımı arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: Gelişmekte olan OECD ülkeleri üzerine bir araştırma. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(3), 342–347. https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.1092827
Doğan, N., & Cafrı, R. (2016). Which hypothesis is valid in OECD countries, Kuznets U Curve or Great U-Turn? System GMM estimation for dynamic panel data. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(3), 411–442.
Easterly, W. (2001). The middle class consensus and economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 6(4), 317–335. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40007510
Emek, Ö. F., & Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020). Gelir eşitsizliği ile enflasyon ilişkisinin gelişmişlik düzeyine göre heterojen panel veri modelleri ile analizi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 10(2), 301–312. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.840693
Fisher, I. (1911). The purchasing power of money: Its determination and relation to credit interest and crises. Macmillan.
Forbes, K. J. (2000). A reassessment of the relationship between inequality and growth. American Economic Review, 90(4), 869–897. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.4.869
Friedman, M. (1968). The role of monetary policy. American Economic Review, 58(1), 1–17.
Galbraith, J. K., & Kum, H. (2002). Inequality and economic growth: Data comparisons and econometric tests (UTIP Working Paper No. 21). The University of Texas at Austin. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.315699
Galli, R., & van der Hoeven, R. (2001). Is inflation bad for income inequality? The importance of the initial rate of inflation. ILO Employment Paper, 2001/29.
Galor, O., & Zeira, J. (1993). Income distribution and macroeconomics. The Review of Economic Studies, 60(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297811
Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica, 37(3), 424–438.
Gini, C. (1921). Measurement of inequality of incomes. The Economic Journal, 31(121), 124–125.
Hatemi-J, A. (2012). Asymmetric causality tests with an application. Empirical Economics, 43(1), 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-011-0484-x
Hatemi-J, A., Shayeb, A. A., & Roca, E. (2017). The effect of oil prices on stock prices: Fresh evidence from asymmetric causality tests. Applied Economics, 49(16), 1584–1592. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1221045
Ikhsan, I., Fachrurrozi, K., Nasir, M., Elfiana, E., & Nurjannah, N. (2022). Energy-growth nexus in Indonesia: Fresh evidence from asymmetric causality test. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(1), 396–400. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11837
İzgi, B. B., & Alyu, E. (2018). Yoksulluk ve gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği: OECD ve AB ülkeleri panel veri analizi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(3), 987–996. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.414774
Josten, S. D. (2004). Social capital, inequality and economic growth. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 160(4), 663–680. https://doi.org/10.1628/0932456042776087
Keynes, J. M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest and money. Macmillan.
Knowles, S. (2005). Inequality and economic growth: The empirical relationship reconsidered in the light of comparable data. The Journal of Development Studies, 41(1), 135–159.
Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic growth and income inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1–28.
Law, C.-H., & Soon, S.-V. (2020). The impact of inflation on income inequality: The role of institutional quality. Applied Economics Letters, 27(21), 1735–1738. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1717425
Li, H., Xu, L. C., & Zou, H. (2000). Corruption, income distribution and growth. Economics and Politics, 12(2), 155–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0343.00073
Liu, G., Liu, Y., & Zhang, C. (2016). Financial development, financial structure and income inequality in China. The World Economy, 40(9), 1890–1917. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12430
Milanovic, B. (2016). Global inequality: A new approach for the age of globalization (1st ed.). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674969797
Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2019). Kıtlık: Çok aza sahip olmanın başka anlamları (Çev. Tübitak Yay.). TÜBİTAK Yayınları. ISBN: 978-605-312-304-0
Munir, K., & Sultan, M. (2017). Macroeconomic determinants of income inequality in India and Pakistan. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 24(4), 109–120.
Mutascu, M., Lessoua, A., & Ianc, N. B. (2024). The impact of inflation on inequality in the CEMAC and UEMOA zones of Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2993
Oczki, J., Muszyńska, J., & Wędrowska, E. (2017). Kuznets hypothesis of income inequality: Empirical evidence from EU. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327077319
Peçe, M. A., Ceyhan, M. S., & Akpolat, A. (2016). Türkiye’de gelir dağılımının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi üzerine ekonometrik bir analiz. International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies (IntJCSS), 2(1), 135–148.
Pede, V. O., Florax, R. J. G. M., & Partridge, M. D. (2009). Employment growth and income inequality: Accounting for spatial and sectoral differences. In Proceedings of the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting (pp. 1–23). Wisconsin: Research in Agricultural Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.49460
Perotti, R. (1996). Growth, income distribution and democracy: What the data say. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2), 149–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138861
Siami-Namini, S., & Hudson, D. (2019). Inflation and income inequality in developed and developing countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(3), 611–632. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-02-2018-0045
Solt, F. (2023). Standardized World Income Inequality Database. https://fsolt.org/swiid/
Sukiassyan, G. (2007). Inequality and growth: What does the transition economy data say? Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(1), 35–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2006.11.002
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2020). Economic development (13th ed.). Pearson.
Topuz, S. G. (2022). The relationship between income inequality and economic growth: Are transmission channels effective? Social Indicators Research, 162, 1177–1231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02882-0
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Gelir Eşitsizliği, Enflasyon ve Büyüme Arasındaki Asimetrik İlişkiler: Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 283 - 297

Funda Kara

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye’de gelir eşitsizliği, enflasyon ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığını araştırmaktır. Öncelikle enflasyondan gelir eşitsizliğine doğru anlamlı bir simetrik nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Asimetrik nedensellik bağlamındaki bulgular, gelir eşitsizliğindeki bir artışın enflasyonu azaltıcı yönde bir etki yarattığına dair kanıtlar sunmuştur. Ayrıca gelir eşitsizliğindeki azalışların enflasyonu azaltıcı bir etki yarattığı tespit edilmiştir. Gelir eşitsizliği ve büyüme arasındaki ilişki ele alındığında, simetrik nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Söz konusu değişkenler arasındaki ilişki asimetrik nedensellik bağlamında ele alındığında ekonomik büyümedeki azalışın gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığı, gelir eşitsizliğindeki artışın ekonomik büyümeyi azalttığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, gelir eşitsizliğindeki azalışın ekonomik büyüme üzerinde artırıcı yönde bir etki yarattığına dair kanıtlara ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gelir Eşitsizliği, Enflasyon, Ekonomik Büyüme, Asimetrik Nedensellik

Kaynakça

Ahituv, A., & Moav, O. (2003). Fertility clubs and economic growth. In T. Eicher & S. Turnovsky (Eds.), Inequality and growth: Theory and policy implications (pp. 61–87). MIT Press.
Aktaş, E. E. (2019). Gelir eşitsizliği ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Ampirik bir inceleme [Doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü].
Aktaş, E. E., & Dokuzoğlu, S. (2022). Enflasyon-gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi: Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için panel eşik değer analizi. Sosyoekonomi, 30(51), 449–470. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.01.22
Albanesi, S. (2007). Inflation and inequality. Journal of Monetary Economics, 54(4), 1088–1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.06.006
Al-Marhubi, F. A. (2000). Corruption and inflation. Economics Letters, 66(2), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(99)00230-X
Alesina, A., & Rodrik, D. (1994). Distributive politics and economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(2), 465–490. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118470
Alesina, A., & Perotti, R. (1996). Income distribution, political instability and investment. European Economic Review, 40(6), 1203–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)00030-5
Ali, A. K., & Asfaw, D. M. (2023). Nexus between inflation, income inequality and economic growth in Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 18(11), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294454
Bahmani-Oskooee, M., & Gelan, A. (2008). Kuznets inverted-U hypothesis revisited: A time-series approach using US data. Applied Economics Letters, 15(9), 677–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850600749040
Barro, R. J. (2000). Inequality and growth in a panel of countries. Journal of Economic Growth, 5(1), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009850119329
Barro, R. J. (2008). Inequality and growth revisited. Asian Development Bank Working Paper Series on Regional Economic Integration, No. 11.
Berisha, E., Dubey, R. S., & Gharehgozli, O. (2023). Inflation and income inequality: Does the level of income inequality matter? Applied Economics, 55(37), 4319–4330. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4317185
Bourguignon, F. (2004). The poverty-growth-inequality triangle (Working Paper No. 125). Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER). http://hdl.handle.net/10419/176147
Bulir, A. (2001). Income inequality: Does inflation matter? IMF Staff Papers, 48(1), 139–159. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451928549.001
Carter, J. R. (2006). An empirical note on economic freedom and income inequality. Public Choice, 130, 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9078-0
Castelló-Climent, A. (2004). A reassessment of the relationship between inequality and growth: What human capital inequality data say? (Working Paper No. 2004-15). Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas.
Chong, A., & Calderon, C. (2000). Institutional quality and income distribution. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48(4), 761–786. https://doi.org/10.1086/452476
Clarke, G. R. (1995). More evidence on income distribution and growth. Journal of Development Economics, 47(2), 403–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(94)00069-O
Çakır, M. (2022). Türkiye’de gelir dağılımını etkileyen faktörler: Bölgesel analiz. In 16th International Conference on Knowledge Economy & Management Proceedings (pp. 566–576). İstanbul.
Davis, L. S. (2007). Explaining the evidence on inequality and growth: Informality and redistribution. The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, 7(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1690.1498
De la Croix, D., & Doepke, M. (2003). Inequality and growth: Why differential fertility matters. American Economic Review, 93(4), 1091–1113.
Dilber, C., & Hatipoğlu, M. (2022). Enflasyon ve gelir dağılımı arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: Gelişmekte olan OECD ülkeleri üzerine bir araştırma. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(3), 342–347. https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.1092827
Doğan, N., & Cafrı, R. (2016). Which hypothesis is valid in OECD countries, Kuznets U Curve or Great U-Turn? System GMM estimation for dynamic panel data. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(3), 411–442.
Easterly, W. (2001). The middle class consensus and economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 6(4), 317–335. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40007510
Emek, Ö. F., & Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020). Gelir eşitsizliği ile enflasyon ilişkisinin gelişmişlik düzeyine göre heterojen panel veri modelleri ile analizi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 10(2), 301–312. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.840693
Fisher, I. (1911). The purchasing power of money: Its determination and relation to credit interest and crises. Macmillan.
Forbes, K. J. (2000). A reassessment of the relationship between inequality and growth. American Economic Review, 90(4), 869–897. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.4.869
Friedman, M. (1968). The role of monetary policy. American Economic Review, 58(1), 1–17.
Galbraith, J. K., & Kum, H. (2002). Inequality and economic growth: Data comparisons and econometric tests (UTIP Working Paper No. 21). The University of Texas at Austin. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.315699
Galli, R., & van der Hoeven, R. (2001). Is inflation bad for income inequality? The importance of the initial rate of inflation. ILO Employment Paper, 2001/29.
Galor, O., & Zeira, J. (1993). Income distribution and macroeconomics. The Review of Economic Studies, 60(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297811
Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica, 37(3), 424–438.
Gini, C. (1921). Measurement of inequality of incomes. The Economic Journal, 31(121), 124–125.
Hatemi-J, A. (2012). Asymmetric causality tests with an application. Empirical Economics, 43(1), 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-011-0484-x
Hatemi-J, A., Shayeb, A. A., & Roca, E. (2017). The effect of oil prices on stock prices: Fresh evidence from asymmetric causality tests. Applied Economics, 49(16), 1584–1592. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1221045
Ikhsan, I., Fachrurrozi, K., Nasir, M., Elfiana, E., & Nurjannah, N. (2022). Energy-growth nexus in Indonesia: Fresh evidence from asymmetric causality test. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(1), 396–400. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11837
İzgi, B. B., & Alyu, E. (2018). Yoksulluk ve gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği: OECD ve AB ülkeleri panel veri analizi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(3), 987–996. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.414774
Josten, S. D. (2004). Social capital, inequality and economic growth. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 160(4), 663–680. https://doi.org/10.1628/0932456042776087
Keynes, J. M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest and money. Macmillan.
Knowles, S. (2005). Inequality and economic growth: The empirical relationship reconsidered in the light of comparable data. The Journal of Development Studies, 41(1), 135–159.
Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic growth and income inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1–28.
Law, C.-H., & Soon, S.-V. (2020). The impact of inflation on income inequality: The role of institutional quality. Applied Economics Letters, 27(21), 1735–1738. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1717425
Li, H., Xu, L. C., & Zou, H. (2000). Corruption, income distribution and growth. Economics and Politics, 12(2), 155–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0343.00073
Liu, G., Liu, Y., & Zhang, C. (2016). Financial development, financial structure and income inequality in China. The World Economy, 40(9), 1890–1917. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12430
Milanovic, B. (2016). Global inequality: A new approach for the age of globalization (1st ed.). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674969797
Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2019). Kıtlık: Çok aza sahip olmanın başka anlamları (Çev. Tübitak Yay.). TÜBİTAK Yayınları. ISBN: 978-605-312-304-0
Munir, K., & Sultan, M. (2017). Macroeconomic determinants of income inequality in India and Pakistan. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 24(4), 109–120.
Mutascu, M., Lessoua, A., & Ianc, N. B. (2024). The impact of inflation on inequality in the CEMAC and UEMOA zones of Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2993
Oczki, J., Muszyńska, J., & Wędrowska, E. (2017). Kuznets hypothesis of income inequality: Empirical evidence from EU. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327077319
Peçe, M. A., Ceyhan, M. S., & Akpolat, A. (2016). Türkiye’de gelir dağılımının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi üzerine ekonometrik bir analiz. International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies (IntJCSS), 2(1), 135–148.
Pede, V. O., Florax, R. J. G. M., & Partridge, M. D. (2009). Employment growth and income inequality: Accounting for spatial and sectoral differences. In Proceedings of the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting (pp. 1–23). Wisconsin: Research in Agricultural Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.49460
Perotti, R. (1996). Growth, income distribution and democracy: What the data say. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2), 149–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138861
Siami-Namini, S., & Hudson, D. (2019). Inflation and income inequality in developed and developing countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(3), 611–632. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-02-2018-0045
Solt, F. (2023). Standardized World Income Inequality Database. https://fsolt.org/swiid/
Sukiassyan, G. (2007). Inequality and growth: What does the transition economy data say? Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(1), 35–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2006.11.002
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2020). Economic development (13th ed.). Pearson.
Topuz, S. G. (2022). The relationship between income inequality and economic growth: Are transmission channels effective? Social Indicators Research, 162, 1177–1231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02882-0
Ünal, İ. B., & Doğan, M. K. (2022). Türkiye’de enflasyonun gelir eşitsizliğine etkisinin mikro düzeyde analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Erken Görünüm, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1039511
Viaene, J. M. A., & Zilcha, I. (2003). Human capital formation, income inequality and growth. In T. Eicher & S. Turnovsky (Eds.), Inequality and growth: Theory and policy implications (pp. 89–118). MIT Press.
Wan, G., Lu, M., & Chen, S. (2006). The inequality-growth nexus in the short and long run: Empirical evidence from China. Journal of Comparative Economics, 34(4), 654–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2006.08.004
Yıldırım, C. (2020). Türkiye’de enflasyon ve faizin eşitsizlik üzerine etkisi. İnsan & Toplum, 10(4), 145–166. https://doi.org/10.12658/M0504
Yılmaz, Ö. (2024). Ekonomik büyüme, dış ticaret ve gelir dağılımı ilişkisi: Türkiye ampirik analizi. Uluslararası Ekonomi Finans ve Ticaret Dergisi, 2(1), 1–10. https://journaleft.com/index.php/pub/article/view/22
Younsi, M., & Bechtini, M. (2018). Economic growth, financial development and income inequality in BRICS countries: Evidence from panel Granger causality tests. MPRA Paper, No. 85182. University Library of Munich. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-018-0569-2
Yue, H.-Y., & Seng, H. (2011). Income inequality, economic growth and inflation: A study on Korea. International Journal of Economics and Research, 2(5), 14–21.

Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Uygulamalı Ekonomi (Diğer)
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Funda Kara 0000-0001-8685-0695
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	27 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi	15 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi	2 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Kara, F. (2025). Gelir Eşitsizliği, Enflasyon ve Büyüme Arasındaki Asimetrik İlişkiler: Türkiye Örneği. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 10(1), 283-297.

Kapak Resmi İndir

Makale Dosyaları

Tam Metin

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