Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response

Ali Aygün; Doğan Narinç

doi:10.34233/jpr.1593986

Araştırma Makalesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 34 - 42, 28.12.2024

Ali Aygün , Doğan Narinç

https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.1593986

Öz

Proje Numarası

project number 22401015

Kaynakça

References
Abraham, M. E., Robison, C. I., Serpa, P. B. S., Strandberg, N. J., Erasmus, M. A., Fraley, G. S., Erf, G. F., Karcher, D. M. 2024. Cage-Free Pullets Minimally Affected by Stocking Density Stressors. Animals, 14(10): 1513.
Akşit, M., Özdemir, D. 2002. Kanatlılarda Korku Davranışı. Hayvansal Uretim, 43(2).
Akyol, G., Denli, M. 2023. Effects of Dried Tomato, Apple and Grape Pulps on the Performance, and Egg Quality of Laying Hens. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 11(2): 307-311.
Alimbaev, B., Ermatov, Y. A. 2022. Growth and Development Characteristics of Lohmann Brown-Classic and Lohmann Sandy Chicken Cross Chicks. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN NONFORMAL EDUCATION, 2(11): 14-20.
Alkan, S. 2023. Determination of Egg Quality Traits in Lohmann Sandy Hens Raised in Free Range System. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 12(2): 271-278.
Amer, S. A., Omar, A. E., Mohamed, W. A., Gharib, H. S., El-Eraky, W. A. 2018. Impact of Betaine Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Tonic Immobility, and Some Blood Chemistry of Broiler Chickens Fed Normal and Low Energy Diets During Natural Summer Stress. Zagazig Veterinary Journal, 46(1): 37-50.
Anderson, M. G., Campbell, A. M., Crump, A., Arnott, G., Newberry, R. C., Jacobs, L. 2021. Effect of Environmental Complexity and Stocking Density on Fear and Anxiety in Broiler Chickens. Animals, 11(8): 2383.
Türk Gida Kodeksİ Yumurta Teblİğİ, (2014). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/12/20141220-5.htm
Anonymous. (2021). Lohmann Sandy Performance Data. Lohmann Breeders GmbH. Retrieved 20 Nisan 2024 from https://lohmann-breeders.com/strains/lohmann-sandy-alternative-housing/
Aygun, A., Narinc, D., Özköse, A., Arısoy, H., Acar, R., Uzal, S., Bulut, C. 2024. Effects of Outdoor Plant Varieties on Performance, Egg Quality, Behavior, and Economic Analysis of Turkey Local Chicken from 20 to 36 Weeks of Age. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 75(1): 7007-7018.
Baldinger, L., Bussemas, R. 2021. Dual-Purpose Production of Eggs and Meat—Part 2: Hens of Crosses between Layer and Meat Breeds Show Moderate Laying Performance but Choose Feed with Less Protein Than a Layer Hybrid, Indicating the Potential to Reduce Protein in Diets. Organic Agriculture, 11(1): 73-87.
Baumgartner, J., Benková, J., Peškovicová, D. (2007). Effect of Line, Age and Individuality on Yolk Cholesterol Content and Some Other Egg Quality Traits in Leghorn Type Yolk Cholesterol Selected Hens. XVIII European Symposium on the quality of poultry meat and XII European Symposium on the quality of eggs and egg products, September,
Baykalır, Y., Şimşek, Ü. 2014. Yumurta Tavukçuluğunda Kullanılan Yetiştirme Sistemleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 28(2): 93-98.
Brake, J., Keeley, T. P., Jones, R. B. 1994. Effect of Age and Presence of Perches During Rearing on Tonic Immobility Fear Reactions of Broiler Breeder Pullets1. Poultry science, 73(9): 1470-1474.
Classen, H. L. 2017. Diet Energy and Feed Intake in Chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 233: 13-21.
Daghir, N. (2008). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry at High Temperatures. In Poultry Production in Hot Climates (pp. 132-159). CABI Wallingford UK.
De Reu, K., Rodenburg, T., Grijspeerdt, K., Messens, W., Heyndrickx, M., Tuyttens, F., Sonck, B., Zoons, J., Herman, L. 2009. Bacteriological Contamination, Dirt, and Cracks of Eggshells in Furnished Cages and Noncage Systems for Laying Hens: An International on-Farm Comparison. Poultry science, 88(11): 2442-2448.
Deaton, J., McNaughton, J., Reece, F. 1979. Relationship of Initial Chick Weight to Body Weight of Egg-Type Pullets. Poultry science, 58(4): 960-962.
Dedousi, A., Stojčić, M. Đ., Sossidou, E. 2020. Effects of Housing Systems on Keel Bone Damage and Egg Quality of Laying‎ Hens. Veterinary research forum, 11(4): 299-304.
Dikmen, B. Y., Ipek, A., Şahan, Ü., Petek, M., Sözcü, A. 2016. Egg Production and Welfare of Laying Hens Kept in Different Housing Systems (Conventional, Enriched Cage, and Free Range). Poultry science, 95(7): 1564-1572.
Elrom, K. 2001. Handling and Transportation of Broilers-Welfare, Stress, Fear and Meat Quality. Part Vi: The Consequences of Handling and Transportation of Chickens (Gallus Domesticus). Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 56(2): 41-44.
Englmaierová, M., Tůmová, E., Charvátová, V., Skřivan, M. 2014. Effects of Laying Hens Housing System on Laying Performance, Egg Quality Characteristics, and Egg Microbial Contamination. Yeast, 15: 0. Gallup, G. G. 1979. Tonic Immobility as a Measure of Fear in Domestic Fowl. Animal behaviour.
Haugh, R. R. 1937. The Haugh Unit for Measuring Egg Quality. The US Egg Poultry Magazine, 43: 522-573.
Hocking, P., Bain, M., Channing, C., Fleming, R., Wilson, S. 2003. Genetic Variation for Egg Production, Egg Quality and Bone Strength in Selected and Traditional Breeds of Laying Fowl. British Poultry Science, 44(3): 365-373. Hussein, A., Cantor, A., Pescatore, A., Johnson, T. 1996. Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Pullet Development. Poultry science, 75(8): 973-978.
Işık, Ş. (2023). Farklı Sistemlerde Yetiştirilen Yumurta Tavuklarının Yumurta Verimi, Yumurta Kalitesi, Kabuk Mikrobiyal Yükü Ve Ekonomik Analiz Yönünden Karşılaştırması [Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi]. Konya.
Jensen, L. (2019). The Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth, Behaviour, and Welfare of Layer Pullets in Two Cage Systems University of Guelph].
Johnson, R. A. 1963. Habitat Preference and Behavior of Breeding Jungle Fowl in Central Western Thailand. The Wilson Bulletin: 270-272.
Jones, R., Faure, J. 1980. Tonic Immobility (Righting Time) in the Domestic Fowl: Effects of Various Methods of Induction. IRSC Med Sci, 8: 184-185.
Jones, R. B. 1986. The Tonic Immobility Reaction of the Domestic Fowl: A Review. World's Poultry Science Journal, 42(1): 82-96.
Jones, R. B., Faure, J. M. 1981. The Effects of Regular Handling on Fear Responses in the Domestic Chick. Behavioural Processes, 6(2): 135-143.
Kahraman, O., Balevi, T., Dere, S., Kurtoğlu, V., Polat, E. S., Çam, M., Arık, H. D. 2020. The Effects of Feeding Time and Stocking Density on Performance of Laying Hens [Yemleme Zamanı ve Kafes Yoğunluğunun Yumurta Tavuklarında Performans Üzerine Etkisi]. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3): 191-199.
Ketta, M., Tůmová, E., Englmaierová, M., Chodová, D. 2020. Combined Effect of Genotype, Housing System, and Calcium on Performance and Eggshell Quality of Laying Hens. Animals, 10(11): 2120.
Koelkebeck, K., Parsons, C., Leeper, R., Moshtaghian, J. 1992. Effect of Duration of Fasting on Postmolt Laying Hen Performance. Poultry science, 71(3): 434-439.
Konca, Y., Yazgan, O. 2002. Yumurta Tavuklarında Sıcaklık Stresi Ve Vitamin C. Hayvansal Uretim, 43(2).
Kop-Bozbay, C. 2024. Quality Traits of Table Eggs as Affected by Management Practices and Storage Periods. South African Journal of Animal Science, 54(2): 157-165.
Küçükyılmaz, K., Bozkurt, M., Herken, E. N., Çınar, M., Çatlı, A. U., Bintaş, E., Çöven, F. 2012. Effects of Rearing Systems on Performance, Egg Characteristics and Immune Response in Two Layer Hen Genotype. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 25(4): 559-568.
Mahboub, H., Müller, J., Von Borell, E. 2004. Outdoor Use, Tonic Immobility, Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Feather Condition in Free-Range Laying Hens of Different Genotype. British Poultry Science, 45(6): 738-744. McBride, G., Parer, I., Foenander, F. 1969. The Social Organization and Behaviour of the Feral Domestic Fowl. Animal Behaviour Monographs, 2: 125-181.
McDonald, M. 1978. Feed Intake of Laying Hens. World's Poultry Science Journal, 34(4): 209-221.
Mugnai, C., Dal Bosco, A., Castellini, C. 2009. Effect of Rearing System and Season on the Performance and Egg Characteristics of Ancona Laying Hens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 8(2): 175-188.
Odén, K., Gunnarsson, S., Berg, C., Algers, B. 2005. Effects of Sex Composition on Fear Measured as Tonic Immobility and Vigilance Behaviour in Large Flocks of Laying Hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 95(1): 89-102.
Onbaşılar, E. E., Erol, H., Cantekin, Z., Kaya, Ü. 2007. Influence of Intermittent Lighting on Broiler Performance, Incidence of Tibial Dyschondroplasia, Tonic Immobility, Some Blood Parameters and Antibody Production. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 20(4): 550-555.
Pereira, D. C. d. O., Miranda, K. O. d. S., Demattê, L. C., Pereira, G. d. V., Piedade, S. M. D. S., Berno, P. R. 2017. Presence of Roosters in an Alternative Egg Production System Aiming at Animal Welfare. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46: 175-184.
Sayin, Y., Kaplan, O., Karaduman, E., Haqyar, D. M., Narinç, D. 2022. The Effect of Monochromatic, Combined, and Mixed Light-Emitting Diode Light Regimes on Growth Traits, Fear Responses, and Slaughter-Carcass Characteristics in Broiler Chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 54(5): 277.
Sullivan, M. 1991. Individual and Social Behaviour of Red Junglefowl. J. World Pheasant Assoc, 15(16): 57-72.
Şekeroğlu, A., Sarıca, M. 2005. The Effects of Free Range System on Egg Productions and Egg Quality of Brown and White Layer Genotypes. Journal of Poultry Research, 6(1): 10-16.
Tutkun, M., Denli, M., Demirel, R. 2018. Productivity and Egg Quality of Two Commercial Layer Hybrids Kept in Free-Range System. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 6(10): 1444-1447.
von Eugen, K., Nordquist, R. E., Zeinstra, E., van der Staay, F. J. 2019. Stocking Density Affects Stress and Anxious Behavior in the Laying Hen Chick During Rearing. Animals, 9(2): 53.
Widowski, T. M., Classen, H., Newberry, R., Petrik, M., Schwean-Lardner, K., Cottee, S. Y., Cox, B. 2013. Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Pullets, Layers, and Spent Fowl: Poultry (Layers): Review of Scientific Research on Priority Issues. Canada: Lacombe, AB.
Wolc, A., Arango, J., Settar, P., O'sullivan, N., Olori, V., White, I., Hill, W., Dekkers, J. 2012. Genetic Parameters of Egg Defects and Egg Quality in Layer Chickens. Poultry science, 91(6): 1292-1298.
Yetişir, R., Sarıca, M. (2018). Yumurta Tavuğu Yetiştiriciliği. In M. S. M. Türkoğlu (Ed.), Tavukçuluk Bilimi Yetiştirme, Besleme Ve Hastaliklar (Vol. 2, pp. 279-329). Bey Ofset matbaacılık.
Zulkifli, I., Che Norma, M., Chong, C., Loh, T. 2000a. Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Tonic Immobility Reactions to Preslaughter Handling in Broiler Chickens Treated with Ascorbic Acid. Poultry science, 79(3): 402-406.
Zulkifli, I., Norma, M. C., Chong, C., Loh, T. 2000b. Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Tonic Immobility Reactions to Preslaughter Handling in Broiler Chickens Treated with Ascorbic Acid. Poultry science, 79(3): 402-406.

Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 34 - 42, 28.12.2024

Ali Aygün , Doğan Narinç

https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.1593986

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of having roosters on egg production in free-range system on egg production, egg quality and fear level. In the study, 2 groups (without and with rooster) and each group consisted of 4 replications. The first group will be kept with roosters together with hens and the other group will be kept only with hens. In the research, 15 hens will be kept in each subgroup and 1 rooster will be kept in each replicate in the group with rooster. Egg production, broken-cracked egg ratio, egg weight, feed intake, feed efficiency and livability were determined as egg performance characteristics. Shell strength, Haugh unit and shell thickness were determined as egg quality. Tonic immobility was determined as fear level. The presence of roosters in the free-range flock did not significantly affect egg production, the ratio of broken-cracked eggs, egg weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, livability, eggshell strength, Haugh unit, eggshell thickness, or tonic immobility (P>0.05). Consequently, the presence or absence of roosters in a free-range system did not have a significant effect on performance, egg quality, or tonic immobility.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Free-range system, Rooster, Performance, Egg quality, Tonic immobilite

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by Selcuk University BAP with project number 22401015.

Proje Numarası

project number 22401015

Kaynakça

References
Abraham, M. E., Robison, C. I., Serpa, P. B. S., Strandberg, N. J., Erasmus, M. A., Fraley, G. S., Erf, G. F., Karcher, D. M. 2024. Cage-Free Pullets Minimally Affected by Stocking Density Stressors. Animals, 14(10): 1513.
Akşit, M., Özdemir, D. 2002. Kanatlılarda Korku Davranışı. Hayvansal Uretim, 43(2).
Akyol, G., Denli, M. 2023. Effects of Dried Tomato, Apple and Grape Pulps on the Performance, and Egg Quality of Laying Hens. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 11(2): 307-311.
Alimbaev, B., Ermatov, Y. A. 2022. Growth and Development Characteristics of Lohmann Brown-Classic and Lohmann Sandy Chicken Cross Chicks. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN NONFORMAL EDUCATION, 2(11): 14-20.
Alkan, S. 2023. Determination of Egg Quality Traits in Lohmann Sandy Hens Raised in Free Range System. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 12(2): 271-278.
Amer, S. A., Omar, A. E., Mohamed, W. A., Gharib, H. S., El-Eraky, W. A. 2018. Impact of Betaine Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Tonic Immobility, and Some Blood Chemistry of Broiler Chickens Fed Normal and Low Energy Diets During Natural Summer Stress. Zagazig Veterinary Journal, 46(1): 37-50.
Anderson, M. G., Campbell, A. M., Crump, A., Arnott, G., Newberry, R. C., Jacobs, L. 2021. Effect of Environmental Complexity and Stocking Density on Fear and Anxiety in Broiler Chickens. Animals, 11(8): 2383.
Türk Gida Kodeksİ Yumurta Teblİğİ, (2014). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/12/20141220-5.htm
Anonymous. (2021). Lohmann Sandy Performance Data. Lohmann Breeders GmbH. Retrieved 20 Nisan 2024 from https://lohmann-breeders.com/strains/lohmann-sandy-alternative-housing/
Aygun, A., Narinc, D., Özköse, A., Arısoy, H., Acar, R., Uzal, S., Bulut, C. 2024. Effects of Outdoor Plant Varieties on Performance, Egg Quality, Behavior, and Economic Analysis of Turkey Local Chicken from 20 to 36 Weeks of Age. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 75(1): 7007-7018.
Baldinger, L., Bussemas, R. 2021. Dual-Purpose Production of Eggs and Meat—Part 2: Hens of Crosses between Layer and Meat Breeds Show Moderate Laying Performance but Choose Feed with Less Protein Than a Layer Hybrid, Indicating the Potential to Reduce Protein in Diets. Organic Agriculture, 11(1): 73-87.
Baumgartner, J., Benková, J., Peškovicová, D. (2007). Effect of Line, Age and Individuality on Yolk Cholesterol Content and Some Other Egg Quality Traits in Leghorn Type Yolk Cholesterol Selected Hens. XVIII European Symposium on the quality of poultry meat and XII European Symposium on the quality of eggs and egg products, September,
Baykalır, Y., Şimşek, Ü. 2014. Yumurta Tavukçuluğunda Kullanılan Yetiştirme Sistemleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 28(2): 93-98.
Brake, J., Keeley, T. P., Jones, R. B. 1994. Effect of Age and Presence of Perches During Rearing on Tonic Immobility Fear Reactions of Broiler Breeder Pullets1. Poultry science, 73(9): 1470-1474.
Classen, H. L. 2017. Diet Energy and Feed Intake in Chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 233: 13-21.
Daghir, N. (2008). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry at High Temperatures. In Poultry Production in Hot Climates (pp. 132-159). CABI Wallingford UK.
De Reu, K., Rodenburg, T., Grijspeerdt, K., Messens, W., Heyndrickx, M., Tuyttens, F., Sonck, B., Zoons, J., Herman, L. 2009. Bacteriological Contamination, Dirt, and Cracks of Eggshells in Furnished Cages and Noncage Systems for Laying Hens: An International on-Farm Comparison. Poultry science, 88(11): 2442-2448.
Deaton, J., McNaughton, J., Reece, F. 1979. Relationship of Initial Chick Weight to Body Weight of Egg-Type Pullets. Poultry science, 58(4): 960-962.
Dedousi, A., Stojčić, M. Đ., Sossidou, E. 2020. Effects of Housing Systems on Keel Bone Damage and Egg Quality of Laying‎ Hens. Veterinary research forum, 11(4): 299-304.
Dikmen, B. Y., Ipek, A., Şahan, Ü., Petek, M., Sözcü, A. 2016. Egg Production and Welfare of Laying Hens Kept in Different Housing Systems (Conventional, Enriched Cage, and Free Range). Poultry science, 95(7): 1564-1572.
Elrom, K. 2001. Handling and Transportation of Broilers-Welfare, Stress, Fear and Meat Quality. Part Vi: The Consequences of Handling and Transportation of Chickens (Gallus Domesticus). Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 56(2): 41-44.
Englmaierová, M., Tůmová, E., Charvátová, V., Skřivan, M. 2014. Effects of Laying Hens Housing System on Laying Performance, Egg Quality Characteristics, and Egg Microbial Contamination. Yeast, 15: 0. Gallup, G. G. 1979. Tonic Immobility as a Measure of Fear in Domestic Fowl. Animal behaviour.
Haugh, R. R. 1937. The Haugh Unit for Measuring Egg Quality. The US Egg Poultry Magazine, 43: 522-573.
Hocking, P., Bain, M., Channing, C., Fleming, R., Wilson, S. 2003. Genetic Variation for Egg Production, Egg Quality and Bone Strength in Selected and Traditional Breeds of Laying Fowl. British Poultry Science, 44(3): 365-373. Hussein, A., Cantor, A., Pescatore, A., Johnson, T. 1996. Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Pullet Development. Poultry science, 75(8): 973-978.
Işık, Ş. (2023). Farklı Sistemlerde Yetiştirilen Yumurta Tavuklarının Yumurta Verimi, Yumurta Kalitesi, Kabuk Mikrobiyal Yükü Ve Ekonomik Analiz Yönünden Karşılaştırması [Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi]. Konya.
Jensen, L. (2019). The Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth, Behaviour, and Welfare of Layer Pullets in Two Cage Systems University of Guelph].
Johnson, R. A. 1963. Habitat Preference and Behavior of Breeding Jungle Fowl in Central Western Thailand. The Wilson Bulletin: 270-272.
Jones, R., Faure, J. 1980. Tonic Immobility (Righting Time) in the Domestic Fowl: Effects of Various Methods of Induction. IRSC Med Sci, 8: 184-185.
Jones, R. B. 1986. The Tonic Immobility Reaction of the Domestic Fowl: A Review. World's Poultry Science Journal, 42(1): 82-96.
Jones, R. B., Faure, J. M. 1981. The Effects of Regular Handling on Fear Responses in the Domestic Chick. Behavioural Processes, 6(2): 135-143.
Kahraman, O., Balevi, T., Dere, S., Kurtoğlu, V., Polat, E. S., Çam, M., Arık, H. D. 2020. The Effects of Feeding Time and Stocking Density on Performance of Laying Hens [Yemleme Zamanı ve Kafes Yoğunluğunun Yumurta Tavuklarında Performans Üzerine Etkisi]. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3): 191-199.
Ketta, M., Tůmová, E., Englmaierová, M., Chodová, D. 2020. Combined Effect of Genotype, Housing System, and Calcium on Performance and Eggshell Quality of Laying Hens. Animals, 10(11): 2120.
Koelkebeck, K., Parsons, C., Leeper, R., Moshtaghian, J. 1992. Effect of Duration of Fasting on Postmolt Laying Hen Performance. Poultry science, 71(3): 434-439.
Konca, Y., Yazgan, O. 2002. Yumurta Tavuklarında Sıcaklık Stresi Ve Vitamin C. Hayvansal Uretim, 43(2).
Kop-Bozbay, C. 2024. Quality Traits of Table Eggs as Affected by Management Practices and Storage Periods. South African Journal of Animal Science, 54(2): 157-165.
Küçükyılmaz, K., Bozkurt, M., Herken, E. N., Çınar, M., Çatlı, A. U., Bintaş, E., Çöven, F. 2012. Effects of Rearing Systems on Performance, Egg Characteristics and Immune Response in Two Layer Hen Genotype. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 25(4): 559-568.
Mahboub, H., Müller, J., Von Borell, E. 2004. Outdoor Use, Tonic Immobility, Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Feather Condition in Free-Range Laying Hens of Different Genotype. British Poultry Science, 45(6): 738-744. McBride, G., Parer, I., Foenander, F. 1969. The Social Organization and Behaviour of the Feral Domestic Fowl. Animal Behaviour Monographs, 2: 125-181.
McDonald, M. 1978. Feed Intake of Laying Hens. World's Poultry Science Journal, 34(4): 209-221.
Mugnai, C., Dal Bosco, A., Castellini, C. 2009. Effect of Rearing System and Season on the Performance and Egg Characteristics of Ancona Laying Hens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 8(2): 175-188.
Odén, K., Gunnarsson, S., Berg, C., Algers, B. 2005. Effects of Sex Composition on Fear Measured as Tonic Immobility and Vigilance Behaviour in Large Flocks of Laying Hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 95(1): 89-102.
Onbaşılar, E. E., Erol, H., Cantekin, Z., Kaya, Ü. 2007. Influence of Intermittent Lighting on Broiler Performance, Incidence of Tibial Dyschondroplasia, Tonic Immobility, Some Blood Parameters and Antibody Production. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 20(4): 550-555.
Pereira, D. C. d. O., Miranda, K. O. d. S., Demattê, L. C., Pereira, G. d. V., Piedade, S. M. D. S., Berno, P. R. 2017. Presence of Roosters in an Alternative Egg Production System Aiming at Animal Welfare. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46: 175-184.
Sayin, Y., Kaplan, O., Karaduman, E., Haqyar, D. M., Narinç, D. 2022. The Effect of Monochromatic, Combined, and Mixed Light-Emitting Diode Light Regimes on Growth Traits, Fear Responses, and Slaughter-Carcass Characteristics in Broiler Chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 54(5): 277.
Sullivan, M. 1991. Individual and Social Behaviour of Red Junglefowl. J. World Pheasant Assoc, 15(16): 57-72.
Şekeroğlu, A., Sarıca, M. 2005. The Effects of Free Range System on Egg Productions and Egg Quality of Brown and White Layer Genotypes. Journal of Poultry Research, 6(1): 10-16.
Tutkun, M., Denli, M., Demirel, R. 2018. Productivity and Egg Quality of Two Commercial Layer Hybrids Kept in Free-Range System. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 6(10): 1444-1447.
von Eugen, K., Nordquist, R. E., Zeinstra, E., van der Staay, F. J. 2019. Stocking Density Affects Stress and Anxious Behavior in the Laying Hen Chick During Rearing. Animals, 9(2): 53.
Widowski, T. M., Classen, H., Newberry, R., Petrik, M., Schwean-Lardner, K., Cottee, S. Y., Cox, B. 2013. Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Pullets, Layers, and Spent Fowl: Poultry (Layers): Review of Scientific Research on Priority Issues. Canada: Lacombe, AB.
Wolc, A., Arango, J., Settar, P., O'sullivan, N., Olori, V., White, I., Hill, W., Dekkers, J. 2012. Genetic Parameters of Egg Defects and Egg Quality in Layer Chickens. Poultry science, 91(6): 1292-1298.
Yetişir, R., Sarıca, M. (2018). Yumurta Tavuğu Yetiştiriciliği. In M. S. M. Türkoğlu (Ed.), Tavukçuluk Bilimi Yetiştirme, Besleme Ve Hastaliklar (Vol. 2, pp. 279-329). Bey Ofset matbaacılık.
Zulkifli, I., Che Norma, M., Chong, C., Loh, T. 2000a. Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Tonic Immobility Reactions to Preslaughter Handling in Broiler Chickens Treated with Ascorbic Acid. Poultry science, 79(3): 402-406.
Zulkifli, I., Norma, M. C., Chong, C., Loh, T. 2000b. Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Tonic Immobility Reactions to Preslaughter Handling in Broiler Chickens Treated with Ascorbic Acid. Poultry science, 79(3): 402-406.

Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Kanatlı Hayvan Yetiştirme ve Islahı
Bölüm	journal of Poultry Studies
Yazarlar	Ali Aygün 0000-0002-0546-3034 Doğan Narinç 0000-0001-8844-4412
Proje Numarası	project number 22401015
Yayımlanma Tarihi	28 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi	16 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi	22 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2024 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Aygün, A., & Narinç, D. (2024). Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response. Journal of Poultry Research, 21(2), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.1593986
AMA	Aygün A, Narinç D. Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response. JPR. Aralık 2024;21(2):34-42. doi:10.34233/jpr.1593986
Chicago	Aygün, Ali, ve Doğan Narinç. “Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response”. Journal of Poultry Research 21, sy. 2 (Aralık 2024): 34-42. https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.1593986.
EndNote	Aygün A, Narinç D (01 Aralık 2024) Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response. Journal of Poultry Research 21 2 34–42.
IEEE	A. Aygün ve D. Narinç, “Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response”, JPR, c. 21, sy. 2, ss. 34–42, 2024, doi: 10.34233/jpr.1593986.
ISNAD	Aygün, Ali - Narinç, Doğan. “Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response”. Journal of Poultry Research 21/2 (Aralık 2024), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.1593986.
JAMA	Aygün A, Narinç D. Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response. JPR. 2024;21:34–42.
MLA	Aygün, Ali ve Doğan Narinç. “Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response”. Journal of Poultry Research, c. 21, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 34-42, doi:10.34233/jpr.1593986.
Vancouver	Aygün A, Narinç D. Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response. JPR. 2024;21(2):34-42.