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Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal gel containing extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 44 - 54, 27.06.2025

Öz

In the Indian system of medicine-Ayurveda, azadirachta indica, adhatoda vasica, piper betle, ocimum tenuiflorum and pongamia pinnata has been mentioned as a remedy for treatment of various infectious diseases and ailments. Based on the folkloric use, the present study was designed to formulate and evaluate polyherbal gel containing extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata. Gel formulations (Formulation A, B and C) were prepared which comprised of the ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata in a concentration of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 %, respectively in a base. The prepared formulations were evaluated for appearance and homogeneity, pH, viscosity and rheological studies, spreadability, skin irritation test (patch test) and washability. The formulations were also screened for their antimicrobial activity by disc plate method against S. aureus, B. subtilis, A. niger and E. coli. The results of the studies revealed that all formulations under study viz. A, B and C showed better zone of inhibition as compared with the control. However, formulation C exhibited maximum activity against the selected strains which may be attributed to its greater amount of herbal extracts as compared to formulation A and B. The polyherbal gel formulations were observed to possess antimicrobial action. The effective activity may be attributed to the synergistic action of the plants constituents present in the formulation.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Babu M, Gnanamani A, Radhakrishan N, Priya K. Healing potential of Datura alba on burn wounds in albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 83(3): 193-199.
  • [2] Rajesh T, Roy AK, Erumalla VNR, Goli D, Basha SJ. Development and evaluation of antimicrobial ointment formulation containing extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Anthocephalus cadamba, Allium sativum and Origanum vulgare. World J Pharm Res. 2014; 3(5): 398-402.
  • [3] Shaikh AM, Shrivastava B, Apte KG, Navale SD. Medicinal plants as potential source of anticancer agents: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2016; 5 (2): 291-295.
  • [4] Aburjai T, Natsheh FM. Plants used in cosmetics. Phytother Res. 2003; 17(9): 987-990. [5] Ali A, Akhtar N, Mumtaz AM, Khan MS, Iqbal FM, Zaidi SS. In vivo skin irritation potential of a cream containing Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013; 7(6): 289-293.
  • [6] Pandey S, Seth A, Tiwari R, Singh S, Behl HM, Singh S. Development and evaluation of antimicrobial herbal cosmetic preparation. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014; 8(20): 514-518.
  • [7] Avinash S, Gowda DV, Suresh J, Aravind RAS, Srivastava A, Osmani RAM. Formulation and evaluation of topical gel using Eupatorium glandulosum michx. for wound healing activity. Pharm Lett. 2016; 8(9): 255-266.
  • [8] Patel H, Panchal MS, Shah S, Vadalia KR. formulation and evaluation of transdermal gel of sildenafil citrate. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci. 2012; 1(3): 103-118.
  • [9] Apisariyakul A, Vanittanakom N, Buddhasukh D. Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 1995; 49(3): 163-169.
  • [10] Susmitha S, Vidyamol KK, Ranganayaki P, Vijayaragavan R. Phytochemical extraction and antimicrobial properties of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Glob J Pharmacol. 2013; 7(3): 316-320.
  • [11] Bishnu J, Govind PS, Buddha BB, Megh RB, Dinita S, Krishna S, Pandey J, Malla R. Phytochemical extraction and antimicrobial properties of different medicinal plants: Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove), Achyranthes bidentata (Datiwan) and Azadirachta indica (Neem). J Microbiol Antimicrob. 2011; 3(1): 1-7.
  • [12] Mahajan N, Rawal S, Verma M, Poddar M, Alok S. A phytopharmacological overview on Ocimum species with special emphasis on Ocimum sanctum. Biomed Prev Nutr. 2013; 3: 185-192.
  • [13] Hogade MG, Jalalpure SS, Bhinge SD. In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of bark of Azadirachta indica against Ascardi galli and Eudrilus eugeniae. J Nat Remedies. 2013; 14(01): 48-51.
  • [14] Alves PD, Brandão MGL, Nunan EA, Cristina D. Chromatographic evaluation and antimicrobial activity of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae) leaves hydroalcoholic extracts. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2009; 19(2): 510-515.
  • [15] Okpanyi SN, Ezeukwk GC. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Azadirachta indica. Planta Med. 1981; 41(1): 34-39.
  • [16] Pillai NR, Santhakumari G. Toxicity studies on nimbidin. A potential antiulcer drug. Planta Med. 1984; b.50: 146-48.
  • [17] Rao DVK, Singh K, Chopra P, Chabra PC, Ramanujalu G. In vitro antibactericidal activity of Neem oil. Indian J Med Res. 1986; 84: 314-316.
  • [18] Shukla R, Singh S, Bhandari CR. Preliminary clinical trial on antidiabetic actions of Azadirachta indica. Med Surg. 1973; 13: 11-22.
  • [19] Singh PP, Junnarkar AY, Reddi GS, Singh KV. Azadirachta indica neuro-psychopharmacological and antimicrobial studies. Fitoterapia. 1987; 58(4): 233-48.
  • [20] Tella A. The effects of Azadirachta indica in acute Plasmodium berghei malaria. Nig Med J. 1977; 7(3): 258-263.
  • [21] Bhargava KP, Sing N. Anti-stress activity of Ocimum sanctum. Indian J Med Res. 1981; 73: 443-451.
  • [22] Karthikeyan K. Chemo preventive effect of Ocimum sanctum on DMBA - induced hamster buccal pouch carncinogenesis. Oral Oncol. 1999; 35(1): 112-119.
  • [23] Maulik SK. Evaluation of antioxidant effectiveness of a few herbal plants. Free Radic Res. 1997; 27(2): 221-228.
  • [24] Rai V, Iyer U, Mani UV. Effects of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf powder supplementation on blood sugar levels, serum lipids, tissue lipids in diabetic rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1997; 50(1): 9-16.
  • [25] Mediratta PK, Sharma KK. Effect of essential oil of the leaves and fixed oil of the seeds of Ocimum sanctum on immune responses. J Med Arom Plant Sci. 2000; 22: 694-700. [26]
  • Singh S, Majumda DK. Evaluation of the gastric antiulcer activity of fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 65(1): 13-19.
  • [27] Bhinge SD, Desai P, Magdum CS. In vitro anthelmintic activity of leaves extract of Adhatoda vasica nees. (Acanthaceae) against Eudrilus eugeniae. Dhaka Univ J Pharm Sci. 2015; 14(02): 17-18.
  • [28] Yadhav AK, Tangpu V. Anticestodal activity of Adhatoda vasica extract against Hymenolepis diminuta infections in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008; 119(2): 322-24.
  • [29] Shrivastava N, Srivastava A, Banerjee A, Nivsarkar M. Antiulcer activity of Adhatoda vasica Nees. J Herb Pharmacother. 2000; 6(2): 43-49.
  • [30] Shitut S, Pandit V, Mehta BK. The antimicrobial efficiency of Piper betle Linn leaf (stalk) against human pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. Cent Eur J Public Health. 1999; 7(3): 137-139.
  • [31] Pandita N, Varghese A, Mantri M, Kachwala Y. Anti-plaque activity of Piper betle leaf extracts. Planta Med. 2010; 76(12): 1296-1307.
  • [32] Hoque MM, Rattila S, Shishir MA, Bari ML, Inatsu Y, Kawamoto S. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of betel leaf (piper betle l.) against some food borne pathogens. Bangladesh J Microbiol. 2011; 28(2): 58-63.
  • [33] Sajid ZI, Anwar F, Shabir G, Rasul G, Alkharfy KM, Gilani AH. Antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and phenolics of different solvent extracts from bark, leaves and seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. Molecules. 2012; 17(4): 3917 3922. doi:10.3390/molecules17043917.
  • [34] Chakraborty D, Shah B. Antimicrobial, antioxidative andantihaemolytic activity of Piper betel L. leaf extracts. Int J Pharmacy Pharm Sci. 2011; 3(3): 192-198.
  • [35] Badole SL, Zanwar AA, Khopade AN, Bodhankar SL. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity cycloart–23–ene 3β,-25–diol (B2) isolated from Pongamia pinnata (L. Pierre). Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011; 4(11): 910-916.
  • [36] Dayanand CD, Rani MS, Shetty J, Vegi PK, Kutty AVM. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Pongamia pinnata Linn on pathogens of clinical isolates. Am J Phytomed Clin Therapeut. 2013; 1(8): 645-651.
  • [37] Bhinge SD, Bhutkar MA, Randive DS, Wadkar GH, Todkar SS, Kakade PM, Kadam PM. Development and evaluation of antimicrobial polyherbal gel. Ann Pharm Fr. 2017; 75(5): 349-358.
  • [38] Mutimer MN, Riffikin C, Hill JA, Marry E, Glickman CNG. Synthesis of methylsilyl derivates of procaine and their diffusion. J Am Pharm Assoc Sci. 1956; 45: 212-218.
  • [39] IFRA Analytical Method. Determination of the peroxide value. Indian Standard: Guideline hygienic manufacture of cosmetics “Specification for Skin Cream” IS No. 6608 2011; 978.
  • [40] Aswal A, Kalra M. A Rout. Preparation and evaluation of polyherbal cosmetic cream. Pharm Lett. 2013; 5(1): 83-88.
  • [41] Ergene U, Akcali Z, Ozbalci D, Nese N, Senol S. Desseminated Aspergillosis due to Aspergillus niger in immunocompetent patient: A case report. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2013: 1-3.
  • [42] Akhtar N, Khan BA, Khan MS, Mahmood T, Khan HMS, Iqbal M, Bashir S. Formulation development and moisturizing effects of a topical cream of Aloe vera extract. Int J Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2011; 5(3): 128-136.
  • [43] Barbaud A, Gonçalo M, Bruynzeel D, Bircher A. Guidelines for performing skin tests with drugs in the investigation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Contact Derm. 2001; 45(6): 321–328.
  • [44] Bhinge SD, Hogade MG, Savali AS, Hariprassana RC, Magdum CS. Antibacterial activity of bark extract of Ficus glomerata roxb against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Indian Drugs. 2013; 50(5): 44-47.
  • [45] Chavan CB, Shinde UV, Hogade M, Bhinge S. Screening of in-vitro antibacterial assay of barleria prionitis L. J Herb Med Toxicol. 2010; 4: 193-196.
  • [46] Mathapati PS, Durgad SA, Bhinge SD. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of benzimidazole derivative. Indian Drugs. 2012; 49(2): 17-25.
  • [47] Bhinge SD, Bhalke S, Savali AS, Hogade MG. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous fruit extract of Aegle marmelos. Deccan J Pharmacol. 2010; 1(4): 10-11.
  • [48] Martin M. Skin diseases induced by Staphylococcus aureus. CME Dermatol. 2008; 3: 20-30.
  • [49] Kumar CP, Chandra DS, Kumar DS. Antimicrobial activity of Ficus racemosa L. and Cissampelos pareira L. var. Hirsuta (DC) froman, against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Int Res J Pharm. 2012; 3(12): 151-153.
  • [50] Nayak A, Nayak RN, Soumya GB, Kishore B, Mithun K. Evaluation of antibacterial and antimicrobial efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of neem (Azadiractha indica) an in vitro study. IJARP. 2011; 2(1): 230-235.
Yıl 2019, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 44 - 54, 27.06.2025

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Babu M, Gnanamani A, Radhakrishan N, Priya K. Healing potential of Datura alba on burn wounds in albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 83(3): 193-199.
  • [2] Rajesh T, Roy AK, Erumalla VNR, Goli D, Basha SJ. Development and evaluation of antimicrobial ointment formulation containing extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Anthocephalus cadamba, Allium sativum and Origanum vulgare. World J Pharm Res. 2014; 3(5): 398-402.
  • [3] Shaikh AM, Shrivastava B, Apte KG, Navale SD. Medicinal plants as potential source of anticancer agents: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2016; 5 (2): 291-295.
  • [4] Aburjai T, Natsheh FM. Plants used in cosmetics. Phytother Res. 2003; 17(9): 987-990. [5] Ali A, Akhtar N, Mumtaz AM, Khan MS, Iqbal FM, Zaidi SS. In vivo skin irritation potential of a cream containing Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013; 7(6): 289-293.
  • [6] Pandey S, Seth A, Tiwari R, Singh S, Behl HM, Singh S. Development and evaluation of antimicrobial herbal cosmetic preparation. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014; 8(20): 514-518.
  • [7] Avinash S, Gowda DV, Suresh J, Aravind RAS, Srivastava A, Osmani RAM. Formulation and evaluation of topical gel using Eupatorium glandulosum michx. for wound healing activity. Pharm Lett. 2016; 8(9): 255-266.
  • [8] Patel H, Panchal MS, Shah S, Vadalia KR. formulation and evaluation of transdermal gel of sildenafil citrate. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci. 2012; 1(3): 103-118.
  • [9] Apisariyakul A, Vanittanakom N, Buddhasukh D. Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 1995; 49(3): 163-169.
  • [10] Susmitha S, Vidyamol KK, Ranganayaki P, Vijayaragavan R. Phytochemical extraction and antimicrobial properties of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Glob J Pharmacol. 2013; 7(3): 316-320.
  • [11] Bishnu J, Govind PS, Buddha BB, Megh RB, Dinita S, Krishna S, Pandey J, Malla R. Phytochemical extraction and antimicrobial properties of different medicinal plants: Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove), Achyranthes bidentata (Datiwan) and Azadirachta indica (Neem). J Microbiol Antimicrob. 2011; 3(1): 1-7.
  • [12] Mahajan N, Rawal S, Verma M, Poddar M, Alok S. A phytopharmacological overview on Ocimum species with special emphasis on Ocimum sanctum. Biomed Prev Nutr. 2013; 3: 185-192.
  • [13] Hogade MG, Jalalpure SS, Bhinge SD. In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of bark of Azadirachta indica against Ascardi galli and Eudrilus eugeniae. J Nat Remedies. 2013; 14(01): 48-51.
  • [14] Alves PD, Brandão MGL, Nunan EA, Cristina D. Chromatographic evaluation and antimicrobial activity of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae) leaves hydroalcoholic extracts. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2009; 19(2): 510-515.
  • [15] Okpanyi SN, Ezeukwk GC. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Azadirachta indica. Planta Med. 1981; 41(1): 34-39.
  • [16] Pillai NR, Santhakumari G. Toxicity studies on nimbidin. A potential antiulcer drug. Planta Med. 1984; b.50: 146-48.
  • [17] Rao DVK, Singh K, Chopra P, Chabra PC, Ramanujalu G. In vitro antibactericidal activity of Neem oil. Indian J Med Res. 1986; 84: 314-316.
  • [18] Shukla R, Singh S, Bhandari CR. Preliminary clinical trial on antidiabetic actions of Azadirachta indica. Med Surg. 1973; 13: 11-22.
  • [19] Singh PP, Junnarkar AY, Reddi GS, Singh KV. Azadirachta indica neuro-psychopharmacological and antimicrobial studies. Fitoterapia. 1987; 58(4): 233-48.
  • [20] Tella A. The effects of Azadirachta indica in acute Plasmodium berghei malaria. Nig Med J. 1977; 7(3): 258-263.
  • [21] Bhargava KP, Sing N. Anti-stress activity of Ocimum sanctum. Indian J Med Res. 1981; 73: 443-451.
  • [22] Karthikeyan K. Chemo preventive effect of Ocimum sanctum on DMBA - induced hamster buccal pouch carncinogenesis. Oral Oncol. 1999; 35(1): 112-119.
  • [23] Maulik SK. Evaluation of antioxidant effectiveness of a few herbal plants. Free Radic Res. 1997; 27(2): 221-228.
  • [24] Rai V, Iyer U, Mani UV. Effects of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf powder supplementation on blood sugar levels, serum lipids, tissue lipids in diabetic rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1997; 50(1): 9-16.
  • [25] Mediratta PK, Sharma KK. Effect of essential oil of the leaves and fixed oil of the seeds of Ocimum sanctum on immune responses. J Med Arom Plant Sci. 2000; 22: 694-700. [26]
  • Singh S, Majumda DK. Evaluation of the gastric antiulcer activity of fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 65(1): 13-19.
  • [27] Bhinge SD, Desai P, Magdum CS. In vitro anthelmintic activity of leaves extract of Adhatoda vasica nees. (Acanthaceae) against Eudrilus eugeniae. Dhaka Univ J Pharm Sci. 2015; 14(02): 17-18.
  • [28] Yadhav AK, Tangpu V. Anticestodal activity of Adhatoda vasica extract against Hymenolepis diminuta infections in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008; 119(2): 322-24.
  • [29] Shrivastava N, Srivastava A, Banerjee A, Nivsarkar M. Antiulcer activity of Adhatoda vasica Nees. J Herb Pharmacother. 2000; 6(2): 43-49.
  • [30] Shitut S, Pandit V, Mehta BK. The antimicrobial efficiency of Piper betle Linn leaf (stalk) against human pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. Cent Eur J Public Health. 1999; 7(3): 137-139.
  • [31] Pandita N, Varghese A, Mantri M, Kachwala Y. Anti-plaque activity of Piper betle leaf extracts. Planta Med. 2010; 76(12): 1296-1307.
  • [32] Hoque MM, Rattila S, Shishir MA, Bari ML, Inatsu Y, Kawamoto S. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of betel leaf (piper betle l.) against some food borne pathogens. Bangladesh J Microbiol. 2011; 28(2): 58-63.
  • [33] Sajid ZI, Anwar F, Shabir G, Rasul G, Alkharfy KM, Gilani AH. Antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and phenolics of different solvent extracts from bark, leaves and seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. Molecules. 2012; 17(4): 3917 3922. doi:10.3390/molecules17043917.
  • [34] Chakraborty D, Shah B. Antimicrobial, antioxidative andantihaemolytic activity of Piper betel L. leaf extracts. Int J Pharmacy Pharm Sci. 2011; 3(3): 192-198.
  • [35] Badole SL, Zanwar AA, Khopade AN, Bodhankar SL. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity cycloart–23–ene 3β,-25–diol (B2) isolated from Pongamia pinnata (L. Pierre). Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011; 4(11): 910-916.
  • [36] Dayanand CD, Rani MS, Shetty J, Vegi PK, Kutty AVM. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Pongamia pinnata Linn on pathogens of clinical isolates. Am J Phytomed Clin Therapeut. 2013; 1(8): 645-651.
  • [37] Bhinge SD, Bhutkar MA, Randive DS, Wadkar GH, Todkar SS, Kakade PM, Kadam PM. Development and evaluation of antimicrobial polyherbal gel. Ann Pharm Fr. 2017; 75(5): 349-358.
  • [38] Mutimer MN, Riffikin C, Hill JA, Marry E, Glickman CNG. Synthesis of methylsilyl derivates of procaine and their diffusion. J Am Pharm Assoc Sci. 1956; 45: 212-218.
  • [39] IFRA Analytical Method. Determination of the peroxide value. Indian Standard: Guideline hygienic manufacture of cosmetics “Specification for Skin Cream” IS No. 6608 2011; 978.
  • [40] Aswal A, Kalra M. A Rout. Preparation and evaluation of polyherbal cosmetic cream. Pharm Lett. 2013; 5(1): 83-88.
  • [41] Ergene U, Akcali Z, Ozbalci D, Nese N, Senol S. Desseminated Aspergillosis due to Aspergillus niger in immunocompetent patient: A case report. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2013: 1-3.
  • [42] Akhtar N, Khan BA, Khan MS, Mahmood T, Khan HMS, Iqbal M, Bashir S. Formulation development and moisturizing effects of a topical cream of Aloe vera extract. Int J Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2011; 5(3): 128-136.
  • [43] Barbaud A, Gonçalo M, Bruynzeel D, Bircher A. Guidelines for performing skin tests with drugs in the investigation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Contact Derm. 2001; 45(6): 321–328.
  • [44] Bhinge SD, Hogade MG, Savali AS, Hariprassana RC, Magdum CS. Antibacterial activity of bark extract of Ficus glomerata roxb against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Indian Drugs. 2013; 50(5): 44-47.
  • [45] Chavan CB, Shinde UV, Hogade M, Bhinge S. Screening of in-vitro antibacterial assay of barleria prionitis L. J Herb Med Toxicol. 2010; 4: 193-196.
  • [46] Mathapati PS, Durgad SA, Bhinge SD. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of benzimidazole derivative. Indian Drugs. 2012; 49(2): 17-25.
  • [47] Bhinge SD, Bhalke S, Savali AS, Hogade MG. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous fruit extract of Aegle marmelos. Deccan J Pharmacol. 2010; 1(4): 10-11.
  • [48] Martin M. Skin diseases induced by Staphylococcus aureus. CME Dermatol. 2008; 3: 20-30.
  • [49] Kumar CP, Chandra DS, Kumar DS. Antimicrobial activity of Ficus racemosa L. and Cissampelos pareira L. var. Hirsuta (DC) froman, against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Int Res J Pharm. 2012; 3(12): 151-153.
  • [50] Nayak A, Nayak RN, Soumya GB, Kishore B, Mithun K. Evaluation of antibacterial and antimicrobial efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of neem (Azadiractha indica) an in vitro study. IJARP. 2011; 2(1): 230-235.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Farmakognozi, Farmasotik Kimya
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Somnath D. Bhinge

Mangesh A. Bhutkar

Dheeraj Randive

Ganesh H. Wadkar

Sanjeeva Y. Kamble

Pooja D. Kalel

Sneha S. Kadam

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA D. Bhinge, S., A. Bhutkar, M., Randive, D., H. Wadkar, G., vd. (2025). Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal gel containing extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 23(1), 44-54.
AMA D. Bhinge S, A. Bhutkar M, Randive D, H. Wadkar G, Y. Kamble S, D. Kalel P, S. Kadam S. Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal gel containing extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata. J. Res. Pharm. Haziran 2025;23(1):44-54.
Chicago D. Bhinge, Somnath, Mangesh A. Bhutkar, Dheeraj Randive, Ganesh H. Wadkar, Sanjeeva Y. Kamble, Pooja D. Kalel, ve Sneha S. Kadam. “Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel Containing Extracts of Azadirachta Indica, Adhatoda Vasica, Piper Betle, Ocimum Tenuiflorum and Pongamia Pinnata”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23, sy. 1 (Haziran 2025): 44-54.
EndNote D. Bhinge S, A. Bhutkar M, Randive D, H. Wadkar G, Y. Kamble S, D. Kalel P, S. Kadam S (01 Haziran 2025) Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal gel containing extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23 1 44–54.
IEEE S. D. Bhinge, M. A. Bhutkar, D. Randive, G. H. Wadkar, S. Y. Kamble, P. D. Kalel, ve S. S. Kadam, “Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal gel containing extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 23, sy. 1, ss. 44–54, 2025.
ISNAD D. Bhinge, Somnath vd. “Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel Containing Extracts of Azadirachta Indica, Adhatoda Vasica, Piper Betle, Ocimum Tenuiflorum and Pongamia Pinnata”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23/1 (Haziran 2025), 44-54.
JAMA D. Bhinge S, A. Bhutkar M, Randive D, H. Wadkar G, Y. Kamble S, D. Kalel P, S. Kadam S. Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal gel containing extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;23:44–54.
MLA D. Bhinge, Somnath vd. “Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel Containing Extracts of Azadirachta Indica, Adhatoda Vasica, Piper Betle, Ocimum Tenuiflorum and Pongamia Pinnata”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 23, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 44-54.
Vancouver D. Bhinge S, A. Bhutkar M, Randive D, H. Wadkar G, Y. Kamble S, D. Kalel P, S. Kadam S. Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal gel containing extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;23(1):44-5.