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Preparation and evaluation of surface solid dispersion of Moringa oleifera leaf extract using freeze-drying method

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 6, 2330 - 2341, 28.06.2025

Karina Citra Rani Roisah Nawatila Agnes Nuniek Winantari Aditya Trias Pradana Nikmatul Ikhrom Eka Jayani As-syifa Dilut Tri Antopo Kezia Febriana

Öz

Moringa leaf extract contains flavonoids, which are useful as a source of antioxidants. Its development into pharmaceutical dosage forms, however, has several problems, including thick consistency, low solubility in water, and heat-sensitive stability. Formation into surface solid dispersion (SSD) is one approach to increase the solubility of flavonoid compounds and improve the physical-mechanical characteristics of moringa leaf extract. This research aimed to develop SSD of moringa extract with microcrystalline cellulose as the carrier as well as to perform its physical and chemical characterization. The method used to prepare the SSD was freeze drying with two extract-to-microcrystalline cellulose ratios, namely 1:2 and 1:4. Results showed that the 1:2 ratio produced 6.09% moisture content and adequate powder flowability, while the 1:4 SSD system had 5.06% moisture content and poor flowability. In addition, crystallinity analysis and thermal characteristics indicated a reduction in the regularity of the crystal lattice, marked by a decrease in the specific peak intensity on the X-ray diffractogram, as well as a shift in the melting point and a decrease in the enthalpy of the SSD system in both ratios on the DSC thermogram. The total flavonoid contents of the SSD were 7.1 ± 0.0527 mg QE/g for the 1:2 ratio and 4.0 ± 0.0797 mg QE/g for the 1:4 ratio. Also, the solubility of flavonoid compounds of the 1:2 SSD system was 67.33 µg/ml, showing enhanced solubility compared to moringa leaf extract (64.11 µg/ml), physical mixture (54.60–58.81 µg/ml), and the 1:4 SSD system (48.09 µg/ml) (p<0.05). Based on these results, it can be concluded that SSD of moringa leaf extract-microcrystalline cellulose (1:2) has the potential to be further developed into pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Moringa oleifera surface solid dispersion extract freeze drying

Kaynakça

  • [1] Gopalakrishnan L, Doriya K, Kumar DS. Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal application. Food Sci Hum Wellness. 2016; 5(2): 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.04.001​
  • [2] Essa MM, Subash S, Parvathy S, Meera A, Guillemin GJ, Memon MA, Manivasagam T. Brain health benefits of Moringa oleifera. In: Essa MM, Memon MA, Akbar M. (Eds). Food and Brain Health. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York, 2014, pp. 113-118​
  • [3] Eremwanarue OA, Shittu HO. Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on multiple drug resistant bacterial isolates from urine samples in Benin City. Niger J Biotechnol. 2019; 35(2): 16. https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v35i2.3​
  • [4] Ferreira PPM, Farias DF, Oliveira JTdA, Carvalho AdFU. Moringa oleifera: Bioactive compounds and nutritional potential. Rev Nutr. 2008; 21(4): 431–437.​
  • [5] Vergara-Jimenez M, Almatrafi MM, Fernandez ML. Bioactive Components in Moringa oleifera Leaves protect against chronic disease. Antioxidants. 2017; 6(4): 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox6040091​
  • [6] Coppin JP, Xu Y, Chen H, Pan MH, Ho CT, Juliani R, Simon JE, Wu Q. Determination of flavonoids by LC/MS and anti-inflammatory activity in Moringa oleifera. J Funct Foods. 2013; 5(4): 1892–1899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.010​
  • [7] Baldisserotto A, Buso P, Radice M, Dissette V, Lampronti I, Gambari R, Manfredini S, Vertuani S. Moringa oleifera leaf extracts as multifunctional ingredients for “Natural and Organic” sunscreens and photoprotective preparations. Molecules. 2018; 23(3): 664. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030664​
  • [8] Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Farmakope Herbal Indonesia, second ed. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Direktorat Jenderal Kefarmasian dan Alat Kesehatan, Jakarta, Indonesia 2017.​
  • [9] Kulkarni A, Dias R, Ghorpade V. Freeze dried multicomponent inclusion complexes of quercetin: Physicochemical evaluation and pharmacodynamic study. Marmara Pharm J. 2019; 23(3): 403–414. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2019.148​
  • [10] Yao Y, Lin G, Xie Y, Ma P, Li G, Meng Q, Tao W. Preformulation studies of myricetin: A natural antioxidant flavonoid. Pharmazie. 2014; 69(1): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2014.3076​
  • [11] Chambers Fox S. Remington Education Pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutical Press, London, UK. 2014.​
  • [12] Ganapuram BR, Alle M, Dadigala R, Kotu GM, Guttena V. Development, evaluation and characterization of surface solid dispersion for solubility and dissolution enhancement of Irbesartan. J Pharm Res. 2013; 7(6): 472-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.06.012​
  • [13] Ali J, Saigal N, Baboota S, Ahuja A. Microcrystalline cellulose as a versatile excipient in drug research. J Young Pharm. 2009; 1(1): 6.​
  • [14] Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Owen SC. Poloxamer: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sixth Edition. Handb Pharm Excipients, Sixth Ed. 2009; 110–3.​
  • [15] Liu B, Zhang L, Wang H, Bian Z. Preparation of MCC/MC silica sponge and its oil/water separation apparatus application. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2017; 56(20): 5795–5801. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04854​
  • [16] Suporn C, Okonoki S, Sirithunyalug J. Improvement of the dissolution rate of piroxicam by surface solid dispersion. Curr Med Chem. 2004; 3(2): 77–84.​
  • [17] Salam MT, Kumar A, Hata A, Kondo H, Salam MA, Wahed MII, Khan RI, Barman RK. Accelerated aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of cefuroxime axetil using microcrystalline cellulose as carrier. Pharmacol Pharm. 2020; 11(08): 159–173. https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2020.118015​
  • [18] Barzegar-Jalali M, Ghanbarzadeh S, Adibkia K, Valizadeh H, Bibak S, Mohammadi G, Siahi-Shadbad M. Development and characterization of solid dispersion of piroxicam for improvement of dissolution rate using hydrophilic carriers. BioImpacts. 2014; 4(3): 141–148. https://doi.org/10.15171/bi.2014.007
  • [19] Patel RC, Keraliya RA, Patel MM, Patel NM. Formulation of furosemide solid dispersion with micro crystalline cellulose for achieve rapid dissolution. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2010; (2): 180-189.
  • [20] Weerapol Y, Tubtimsri S, Jansakul C, Sriamornsak P. Improved dissolution of Kaempferia parviflora extract for oral administration by preparing solid dispersion via solvent evaporation. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2017; 12(2): 124–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2016.09.005
  • [21] E Silva LS, Da Silva LS, Brumano L, Stringheta PC, Pinto MAdO, Dias LOM, Muller CDSM, Scio E, Fabri RL, Castro HC, Amaral MDPHd. Preparation of dry extract of Mikania glomerata sprengel (Guaco) and determination of its coumarin levels by spectrophotometry and HPLC-UV. Molecules. 2012; 17(9): 10344–10354. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules170910344
  • [22] Jovanović AA, Lević SM, Pavlović VB, Marković SB, Pjanović RV, Đorđević VB, Nedovic V, Bugarski BM. Freeze vs. spray drying for dry wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) extract formulations: The impact of gelatin as a coating material. Molecules. 2021; 26(13):3933. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133933
  • [23] Tafu NN, Jideani VA. Characterization of novel solid dispersions of Moringa oleifera leaf powder using thermoanalytical techniques. Processes. 2021; 9(12): 2230. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122230
  • [24] Kostelanská K, Kurhajec S, Pavloková S, Vetchý D, Gajdziok J, Franc A. Technology of processing plant extracts using an aluminometasilicate porous carrier into a solid dosage form. Pharmaceutics. 2022; 14(2): 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020248
  • [25] Szumilo M, Belniak P, Swiader K, Holody E, Poleszak E. Assessment of physical properties of granules with paracetamol and caffeine. Saudi Pharm J. 2017; 25(6): 900–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2017.02.009
  • [26] Okoye EI, Awotunde TO, Morales TG. Formulation and characterization of Moringa oleifera leaf granules. I: Micromeritic properties. Res J Pharm Technol. 2013; 6(1): 66–74.
  • [27] Crouter A, Briens L. The effect of moisture on the flowability of pharmaceutical excipients. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2013; 15(1): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-013-0036-0
  • [28] Rezaei F, vanderGheynst JS. Critical moisture content for microbial growth in dried food-processing residues. J Sci Food Agric. 2010; 90(12): 2000–2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4044
  • [29] Ali MA, Yusof YA, Chin NL, Ibrahim MN. Processing of Moringa leaves as natural source of nutrients by optimization of drying and grinding mechanism. J Food Process Eng. 2017; 40:e12583. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12583
  • [30] Windriyati YN, Sumirtapura YC, Pamudji JS. Dissolution enhancement and physicochemical characterization of fenofibric acid in surface solid dispersion with croscarmellose sodium. Marmara Pharm J. 2019; 23(2): 315–325. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2019.139
  • [31] Sakhare SS, Sayyad FJ. Studies on Ocimum basilicum mucilage based solid dispersions of indomethacin for enhancement of dissolution rate. J Res Pharm. 2019; 23(5): 832–838. https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2019.31
  • [32] Fitriani L, Afriyanti I, Afriyani, Ismed F, Zaini E. Solid dispersion of usnic acid–HPMC 2910 prepared by spray dryingand freeze drying techniques. Orient J Chem. 2018; 34(4): 2083–2088. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404048
  • [33] Chen B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Huang K, Liu H, Xu D, Li S, Liu Q, Huang J, Yao H, Lin X. Improved solubility, dissolutionrate, and oral bioavailability of main biflavonoids from Selaginella doederleinii extract by amorphous solid dispersion. Drug Deliv. 2020; 27(1): 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2020.1716876
  • [34] Rajpurohit VS, Rakha P, Goyal S, Dureja H, Arorac G, Nagpal M. Formulation and characterization of solid dispersions of glimepiride through factorial design. Iran J Pharm Sci. 2011; 7(1): 7–16.
  • [35] Da Silva LAL, Pezzini BR, Soares L. Spectrophotometric determination of the total flavonoid content in Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) leaves. Pharmacogn Mag. 2015; 11(41): 96–101. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.149721
  • [36] Saloko S, Handito D, Aeni NN. Encapsulation of Gotu Kola Leaf (Centella asiatica) flavonoid in ınstant powder drink using maltodextrin. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 2020; 194(FANRes 2019) :156–163. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200325.032
  • [37] Kamiloglu S, Tomas M, Ozdal T, Capanoglu E. Effect of food matrix on the content and bioavailability of flavonoids. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2021; 117: 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.030
  • [38] Bajracharya R, Song JG, Lee SH, Jeong SH, Han HK. Enhanced oral bioavailability of MT-102, a new antiinflammatory agent, via a ternary solid dispersion formulation. Pharmaceutics. 2022; 14(7): 1510. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14071510
  • [39] Ban Svd, Goodwin DJ. The ımpact of granule density on tabletting and pharmaceutical product performance. Pharm Res. 2017; 34(5): 1002–1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-017-2115-5
  • [40] Shah RB, Tawakkul MA, Khan MA. Comparative evaluation of flow for pharmaceutical powders and granules. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2008; 9(1): 250–258. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-008-9046-8
  • [41] Saw HY, Davies CE, Paterson AHJ, Jones JR. Correlation between powder flow properties measured by shear testing and Hausner ratio. Procedia Eng. 2015; 102: 218–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.132
  • [42] Pandey P, Sharma P, Gupta R, Garg A, Shukla A, Nema N, Pasi A. Formulation and evaluation of herbal effervescent granules ıncorporated with Martynia annua extract. J Drug Discov Ther. 2013; 1(5): 54–57.
  • [43] Jung H, Lee YJ, Yoon WB. Effect of moisture content on the grinding process and powder properties in food: A review. Processes. 2018; 6(6): 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr6060069
  • [44] Singh MV, Juyal D, Singh V, Rawat G, Tiwari A. Development and characterization of surface solid dispersion of curcumin for solubility enhancement. J Appl Pharm Res. 2014; 2(2348): 17–23.
  • [45] Fattahi S, Zabihi E, Abedian Z, Pourbagher R, Motevalizadeh Ardekani A, Mostafazadeh A, Akhavan-Niaki H. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of aqueous extract of stinging nettle and ın vitro antiproliferative effect on Hela and BT-474 Cell Lines. Int J Mol Cell Med. 2014; 3(2): 102–107.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 6, 2330 - 2341, 28.06.2025

Karina Citra Rani Roisah Nawatila Agnes Nuniek Winantari Aditya Trias Pradana Nikmatul Ikhrom Eka Jayani As-syifa Dilut Tri Antopo Kezia Febriana

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Gopalakrishnan L, Doriya K, Kumar DS. Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal application. Food Sci Hum Wellness. 2016; 5(2): 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.04.001​
  • [2] Essa MM, Subash S, Parvathy S, Meera A, Guillemin GJ, Memon MA, Manivasagam T. Brain health benefits of Moringa oleifera. In: Essa MM, Memon MA, Akbar M. (Eds). Food and Brain Health. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York, 2014, pp. 113-118​
  • [3] Eremwanarue OA, Shittu HO. Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on multiple drug resistant bacterial isolates from urine samples in Benin City. Niger J Biotechnol. 2019; 35(2): 16. https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v35i2.3​
  • [4] Ferreira PPM, Farias DF, Oliveira JTdA, Carvalho AdFU. Moringa oleifera: Bioactive compounds and nutritional potential. Rev Nutr. 2008; 21(4): 431–437.​
  • [5] Vergara-Jimenez M, Almatrafi MM, Fernandez ML. Bioactive Components in Moringa oleifera Leaves protect against chronic disease. Antioxidants. 2017; 6(4): 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox6040091​
  • [6] Coppin JP, Xu Y, Chen H, Pan MH, Ho CT, Juliani R, Simon JE, Wu Q. Determination of flavonoids by LC/MS and anti-inflammatory activity in Moringa oleifera. J Funct Foods. 2013; 5(4): 1892–1899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.010​
  • [7] Baldisserotto A, Buso P, Radice M, Dissette V, Lampronti I, Gambari R, Manfredini S, Vertuani S. Moringa oleifera leaf extracts as multifunctional ingredients for “Natural and Organic” sunscreens and photoprotective preparations. Molecules. 2018; 23(3): 664. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030664​
  • [8] Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Farmakope Herbal Indonesia, second ed. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Direktorat Jenderal Kefarmasian dan Alat Kesehatan, Jakarta, Indonesia 2017.​
  • [9] Kulkarni A, Dias R, Ghorpade V. Freeze dried multicomponent inclusion complexes of quercetin: Physicochemical evaluation and pharmacodynamic study. Marmara Pharm J. 2019; 23(3): 403–414. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2019.148​
  • [10] Yao Y, Lin G, Xie Y, Ma P, Li G, Meng Q, Tao W. Preformulation studies of myricetin: A natural antioxidant flavonoid. Pharmazie. 2014; 69(1): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2014.3076​
  • [11] Chambers Fox S. Remington Education Pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutical Press, London, UK. 2014.​
  • [12] Ganapuram BR, Alle M, Dadigala R, Kotu GM, Guttena V. Development, evaluation and characterization of surface solid dispersion for solubility and dissolution enhancement of Irbesartan. J Pharm Res. 2013; 7(6): 472-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.06.012​
  • [13] Ali J, Saigal N, Baboota S, Ahuja A. Microcrystalline cellulose as a versatile excipient in drug research. J Young Pharm. 2009; 1(1): 6.​
  • [14] Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Owen SC. Poloxamer: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sixth Edition. Handb Pharm Excipients, Sixth Ed. 2009; 110–3.​
  • [15] Liu B, Zhang L, Wang H, Bian Z. Preparation of MCC/MC silica sponge and its oil/water separation apparatus application. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2017; 56(20): 5795–5801. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04854​
  • [16] Suporn C, Okonoki S, Sirithunyalug J. Improvement of the dissolution rate of piroxicam by surface solid dispersion. Curr Med Chem. 2004; 3(2): 77–84.​
  • [17] Salam MT, Kumar A, Hata A, Kondo H, Salam MA, Wahed MII, Khan RI, Barman RK. Accelerated aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of cefuroxime axetil using microcrystalline cellulose as carrier. Pharmacol Pharm. 2020; 11(08): 159–173. https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2020.118015​
  • [18] Barzegar-Jalali M, Ghanbarzadeh S, Adibkia K, Valizadeh H, Bibak S, Mohammadi G, Siahi-Shadbad M. Development and characterization of solid dispersion of piroxicam for improvement of dissolution rate using hydrophilic carriers. BioImpacts. 2014; 4(3): 141–148. https://doi.org/10.15171/bi.2014.007
  • [19] Patel RC, Keraliya RA, Patel MM, Patel NM. Formulation of furosemide solid dispersion with micro crystalline cellulose for achieve rapid dissolution. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2010; (2): 180-189.
  • [20] Weerapol Y, Tubtimsri S, Jansakul C, Sriamornsak P. Improved dissolution of Kaempferia parviflora extract for oral administration by preparing solid dispersion via solvent evaporation. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2017; 12(2): 124–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2016.09.005
  • [21] E Silva LS, Da Silva LS, Brumano L, Stringheta PC, Pinto MAdO, Dias LOM, Muller CDSM, Scio E, Fabri RL, Castro HC, Amaral MDPHd. Preparation of dry extract of Mikania glomerata sprengel (Guaco) and determination of its coumarin levels by spectrophotometry and HPLC-UV. Molecules. 2012; 17(9): 10344–10354. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules170910344
  • [22] Jovanović AA, Lević SM, Pavlović VB, Marković SB, Pjanović RV, Đorđević VB, Nedovic V, Bugarski BM. Freeze vs. spray drying for dry wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) extract formulations: The impact of gelatin as a coating material. Molecules. 2021; 26(13):3933. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133933
  • [23] Tafu NN, Jideani VA. Characterization of novel solid dispersions of Moringa oleifera leaf powder using thermoanalytical techniques. Processes. 2021; 9(12): 2230. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122230
  • [24] Kostelanská K, Kurhajec S, Pavloková S, Vetchý D, Gajdziok J, Franc A. Technology of processing plant extracts using an aluminometasilicate porous carrier into a solid dosage form. Pharmaceutics. 2022; 14(2): 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020248
  • [25] Szumilo M, Belniak P, Swiader K, Holody E, Poleszak E. Assessment of physical properties of granules with paracetamol and caffeine. Saudi Pharm J. 2017; 25(6): 900–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2017.02.009
  • [26] Okoye EI, Awotunde TO, Morales TG. Formulation and characterization of Moringa oleifera leaf granules. I: Micromeritic properties. Res J Pharm Technol. 2013; 6(1): 66–74.
  • [27] Crouter A, Briens L. The effect of moisture on the flowability of pharmaceutical excipients. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2013; 15(1): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-013-0036-0
  • [28] Rezaei F, vanderGheynst JS. Critical moisture content for microbial growth in dried food-processing residues. J Sci Food Agric. 2010; 90(12): 2000–2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4044
  • [29] Ali MA, Yusof YA, Chin NL, Ibrahim MN. Processing of Moringa leaves as natural source of nutrients by optimization of drying and grinding mechanism. J Food Process Eng. 2017; 40:e12583. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12583
  • [30] Windriyati YN, Sumirtapura YC, Pamudji JS. Dissolution enhancement and physicochemical characterization of fenofibric acid in surface solid dispersion with croscarmellose sodium. Marmara Pharm J. 2019; 23(2): 315–325. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2019.139
  • [31] Sakhare SS, Sayyad FJ. Studies on Ocimum basilicum mucilage based solid dispersions of indomethacin for enhancement of dissolution rate. J Res Pharm. 2019; 23(5): 832–838. https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2019.31
  • [32] Fitriani L, Afriyanti I, Afriyani, Ismed F, Zaini E. Solid dispersion of usnic acid–HPMC 2910 prepared by spray dryingand freeze drying techniques. Orient J Chem. 2018; 34(4): 2083–2088. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404048
  • [33] Chen B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Huang K, Liu H, Xu D, Li S, Liu Q, Huang J, Yao H, Lin X. Improved solubility, dissolutionrate, and oral bioavailability of main biflavonoids from Selaginella doederleinii extract by amorphous solid dispersion. Drug Deliv. 2020; 27(1): 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2020.1716876
  • [34] Rajpurohit VS, Rakha P, Goyal S, Dureja H, Arorac G, Nagpal M. Formulation and characterization of solid dispersions of glimepiride through factorial design. Iran J Pharm Sci. 2011; 7(1): 7–16.
  • [35] Da Silva LAL, Pezzini BR, Soares L. Spectrophotometric determination of the total flavonoid content in Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) leaves. Pharmacogn Mag. 2015; 11(41): 96–101. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.149721
  • [36] Saloko S, Handito D, Aeni NN. Encapsulation of Gotu Kola Leaf (Centella asiatica) flavonoid in ınstant powder drink using maltodextrin. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 2020; 194(FANRes 2019) :156–163. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200325.032
  • [37] Kamiloglu S, Tomas M, Ozdal T, Capanoglu E. Effect of food matrix on the content and bioavailability of flavonoids. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2021; 117: 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.030
  • [38] Bajracharya R, Song JG, Lee SH, Jeong SH, Han HK. Enhanced oral bioavailability of MT-102, a new antiinflammatory agent, via a ternary solid dispersion formulation. Pharmaceutics. 2022; 14(7): 1510. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14071510
  • [39] Ban Svd, Goodwin DJ. The ımpact of granule density on tabletting and pharmaceutical product performance. Pharm Res. 2017; 34(5): 1002–1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-017-2115-5
  • [40] Shah RB, Tawakkul MA, Khan MA. Comparative evaluation of flow for pharmaceutical powders and granules. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2008; 9(1): 250–258. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-008-9046-8
  • [41] Saw HY, Davies CE, Paterson AHJ, Jones JR. Correlation between powder flow properties measured by shear testing and Hausner ratio. Procedia Eng. 2015; 102: 218–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.132
  • [42] Pandey P, Sharma P, Gupta R, Garg A, Shukla A, Nema N, Pasi A. Formulation and evaluation of herbal effervescent granules ıncorporated with Martynia annua extract. J Drug Discov Ther. 2013; 1(5): 54–57.
  • [43] Jung H, Lee YJ, Yoon WB. Effect of moisture content on the grinding process and powder properties in food: A review. Processes. 2018; 6(6): 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr6060069
  • [44] Singh MV, Juyal D, Singh V, Rawat G, Tiwari A. Development and characterization of surface solid dispersion of curcumin for solubility enhancement. J Appl Pharm Res. 2014; 2(2348): 17–23.
  • [45] Fattahi S, Zabihi E, Abedian Z, Pourbagher R, Motevalizadeh Ardekani A, Mostafazadeh A, Akhavan-Niaki H. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of aqueous extract of stinging nettle and ın vitro antiproliferative effect on Hela and BT-474 Cell Lines. Int J Mol Cell Med. 2014; 3(2): 102–107.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Farmasotik Botanik
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Karina Citra Rani 0000-0003-2421-5754

Roisah Nawatila 0000-0001-6920-5475

Agnes Nuniek Winantari 0000-0002-0072-2973

Aditya Trias Pradana 0000-0003-3262-9252

Nikmatul Ikhrom Eka Jayani 0000-0002-3708-8830

As-syifa Dilut Tri Antopo 0009-0002-8631-0570

Kezia Febriana 0009-0003-6034-6118

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Rani, K. C., Nawatila, R., Winantari, A. N., Pradana, A. T., vd. (2025). Preparation and evaluation of surface solid dispersion of Moringa oleifera leaf extract using freeze-drying method. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(6), 2330-2341.
AMA Rani KC, Nawatila R, Winantari AN, Pradana AT, Jayani NIE, Antopo AsDT, Febriana K. Preparation and evaluation of surface solid dispersion of Moringa oleifera leaf extract using freeze-drying method. J. Res. Pharm. Temmuz 2025;27(6):2330-2341.
Chicago Rani, Karina Citra, Roisah Nawatila, Agnes Nuniek Winantari, Aditya Trias Pradana, Nikmatul Ikhrom Eka Jayani, As-syifa Dilut Tri Antopo, ve Kezia Febriana. “Preparation and Evaluation of Surface Solid Dispersion of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Using Freeze-Drying Method”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27, sy. 6 (Temmuz 2025): 2330-41.
EndNote Rani KC, Nawatila R, Winantari AN, Pradana AT, Jayani NIE, Antopo A-sDT, Febriana K (01 Temmuz 2025) Preparation and evaluation of surface solid dispersion of Moringa oleifera leaf extract using freeze-drying method. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 6 2330–2341.
IEEE K. C. Rani, R. Nawatila, A. N. Winantari, A. T. Pradana, N. I. E. Jayani, A.-s. D. T. Antopo, ve K. Febriana, “Preparation and evaluation of surface solid dispersion of Moringa oleifera leaf extract using freeze-drying method”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 27, sy. 6, ss. 2330–2341, 2025.
ISNAD Rani, Karina Citra vd. “Preparation and Evaluation of Surface Solid Dispersion of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Using Freeze-Drying Method”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/6 (Temmuz 2025), 2330-2341.
JAMA Rani KC, Nawatila R, Winantari AN, Pradana AT, Jayani NIE, Antopo A-sDT, Febriana K. Preparation and evaluation of surface solid dispersion of Moringa oleifera leaf extract using freeze-drying method. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:2330–2341.
MLA Rani, Karina Citra vd. “Preparation and Evaluation of Surface Solid Dispersion of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Using Freeze-Drying Method”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 27, sy. 6, 2025, ss. 2330-41.
Vancouver Rani KC, Nawatila R, Winantari AN, Pradana AT, Jayani NIE, Antopo A-sDT, Febriana K. Preparation and evaluation of surface solid dispersion of Moringa oleifera leaf extract using freeze-drying method. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(6):2330-41.