Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 511 - 518, 27.06.2025
Öz
Kaynakça
- [1] Benowitz NL. Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Cocaine. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1993;72(1):3-12.
- [2] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of cocaine in seized materials. 2012. https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/Cocaine_Manual_Rev_1.pdf (accessed January 18, 2018).
- [3] Simon DP, Kreek MJ. Cocaine: Usage, Misuse, and Addiction Processes. An Overview. In: Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse. 2016.
- [4] Dasgupta A. Pharmacology of Commonly Abused Drugs. In: Beating Drug Tests and Defending Positive Results. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010, pp. 17-29.
- [5] Steketee JD. Cortical mechanism of cocaine sensitization. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 2005;17(2):69–86.
- [6] Debruyne D, Le Boisselier R. Emerging drugs of abuse: current perspectives on synthetic cannabinoids. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2015;6:113–129.
- [7] The EMCDDA annual report 2010: the state of the drug problem in Europe. Euro Surveil. 2010;15(46):pi=19714.
- [8] Department of Anti Smuggling and Organized Crime Turkish Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 2017 Turkish Drug Report. http://www.narkotik.pol.tr/TUBIM/Documents/TURKIYE%20UYUSTURUCU%20RAPORU%202017.pdf (accessed January 18, 2018).
- [9] Tosato F, Rosa T, Morais CLM, Maldaner AO, Ortiz RS, Filgueiras PR, Lima KMG, Romão W. Direct quantitative analysis of cocaine by thin layer chromatography plus a mobile phone and multivariate calibration: a cost-effective and rapid method. Anal Methods. 2016;8(42):7632-7637.
- [10] Sabino BD, Romão W, Sodré ML, Correa DN, Alonso FOM, Eberlin MN. Analysis of cocaine and crack cocaine via thin layer chromatography coupled to easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Am J Analyt Chem. 2011;2(6):658-664.
- [11] Magalhães EJ, Nascentes C, Pereira LSA, Guedes MLO, Lordeiro RA, Auler LMLA, Augusti R, Queiroz MELR. Evaluation of the composition of street cocaine seized in two regions of Brazil. Sci Justice. 2013;53(4):425–432.
- [12] Botelho ED, Cunha RB, Campos AFC, Maldaner AO. Chemical profiling of cocaine seized by Brazilian federal police in 2009–2012: major components. J Br Chem Soc. 2014;25(4):611–618.
- [13] Valente MJ, Carvalho F, Bastos M de L, Carvalho M, de Pinho PG. Chromatographic Methodologies for Analysis of Cocaine and Its Metabolites in Biological Matrices. In: Salih B. (Eds). Gas Chromatography - Biochemicals, Narcotics and Essential Oils. Intech, 2012, pp.163-194. https://www.intechopen.com/books/gas-chromatography-biochemicals-narcotics-and-essential-oils/chromatographic-methodologies-for-analysis-of-cocaine-and-its-metabolites-in-biological-matrices (accessed January 18, 2018).
- [14] Keyfi F, Varasteh A. Development and Validation of a GC-FID Method for Diagnosis of Methylmalonic Acidemia. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2016;4(2):104-109.
- [15] Taylor T. GC Temperature Programming—10 Things You Absolutely Need to Know. LCGC North America. 2015;33(6):438.
- [16] International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2 (R1). International Conference on Harmonization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.
- [17] World Health Organization. A WHO Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Requirements, Part 2: Validation. Geneva, 1997. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/64465/WHO_VSQ_97.02.pdf?sequence=2
- [18] Al-Rimawi F, Kharoaf M. Analysis of Azithromycin and Its Related Compounds by RP-HPLC with UV Detection. J Chromatogr Sci. 2010;48(2):86-90.
- [19] Arslan Azizoğlu G, Azizoğlu E, Tuncay Tanrıverdi S, Özer Ö. A validated HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Melatonin and Octyl Methoxycinnamate in combined pharmaceutical applications. Marmara Pharm J. 2017;21(4):921-930.
- [20] Yeager B, Bustin K, Stewart J, Dross R, Bell S. Evaluation and validation of ion mobility spectrometry for presumptive testing targeting the organic constituents of firearms discharge residue. Anal Methods. 2015;7(22):9683-9691.
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 511 - 518, 27.06.2025
Öz
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple and reliable GC-FID method for quantitative determination of cocaine in illicit drug samples. Chromatographic conditions and detection parameters were optimized. Separation was performed on a HP-5 column (30 m-0.32 nm ID-0.25 μm) using an internal standard of n-tetracosan at the concentration of 0.25 mg/mL in methanol/chloroform (1:1) mixture. Validation of the method was performed by means of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, range, quantitation limit and detection limit. Method showed linearity with excellent correlation coefficients (r2=0.9992) for cocaine. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values of GC-FID method for cocaine analysis were 1.80 µg /mL and 5.57 µg /mL, respectively while limit of linearity was 1200 µg /mL. Mean recovery value obtained from spike study was 101.20%, and relative error calculated after CRM analysis was equal to 1.0%, indicating that method was accurate. Inter-day stability of the instrument was proven by use of the control chart. The procedure described is relatively fast, simple, precise, and applicable for routine illicit drug analysis in forensic laboratories
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- [1] Benowitz NL. Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Cocaine. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1993;72(1):3-12.
- [2] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of cocaine in seized materials. 2012. https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/Cocaine_Manual_Rev_1.pdf (accessed January 18, 2018).
- [3] Simon DP, Kreek MJ. Cocaine: Usage, Misuse, and Addiction Processes. An Overview. In: Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse. 2016.
- [4] Dasgupta A. Pharmacology of Commonly Abused Drugs. In: Beating Drug Tests and Defending Positive Results. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010, pp. 17-29.
- [5] Steketee JD. Cortical mechanism of cocaine sensitization. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 2005;17(2):69–86.
- [6] Debruyne D, Le Boisselier R. Emerging drugs of abuse: current perspectives on synthetic cannabinoids. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2015;6:113–129.
- [7] The EMCDDA annual report 2010: the state of the drug problem in Europe. Euro Surveil. 2010;15(46):pi=19714.
- [8] Department of Anti Smuggling and Organized Crime Turkish Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 2017 Turkish Drug Report. http://www.narkotik.pol.tr/TUBIM/Documents/TURKIYE%20UYUSTURUCU%20RAPORU%202017.pdf (accessed January 18, 2018).
- [9] Tosato F, Rosa T, Morais CLM, Maldaner AO, Ortiz RS, Filgueiras PR, Lima KMG, Romão W. Direct quantitative analysis of cocaine by thin layer chromatography plus a mobile phone and multivariate calibration: a cost-effective and rapid method. Anal Methods. 2016;8(42):7632-7637.
- [10] Sabino BD, Romão W, Sodré ML, Correa DN, Alonso FOM, Eberlin MN. Analysis of cocaine and crack cocaine via thin layer chromatography coupled to easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Am J Analyt Chem. 2011;2(6):658-664.
- [11] Magalhães EJ, Nascentes C, Pereira LSA, Guedes MLO, Lordeiro RA, Auler LMLA, Augusti R, Queiroz MELR. Evaluation of the composition of street cocaine seized in two regions of Brazil. Sci Justice. 2013;53(4):425–432.
- [12] Botelho ED, Cunha RB, Campos AFC, Maldaner AO. Chemical profiling of cocaine seized by Brazilian federal police in 2009–2012: major components. J Br Chem Soc. 2014;25(4):611–618.
- [13] Valente MJ, Carvalho F, Bastos M de L, Carvalho M, de Pinho PG. Chromatographic Methodologies for Analysis of Cocaine and Its Metabolites in Biological Matrices. In: Salih B. (Eds). Gas Chromatography - Biochemicals, Narcotics and Essential Oils. Intech, 2012, pp.163-194. https://www.intechopen.com/books/gas-chromatography-biochemicals-narcotics-and-essential-oils/chromatographic-methodologies-for-analysis-of-cocaine-and-its-metabolites-in-biological-matrices (accessed January 18, 2018).
- [14] Keyfi F, Varasteh A. Development and Validation of a GC-FID Method for Diagnosis of Methylmalonic Acidemia. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2016;4(2):104-109.
- [15] Taylor T. GC Temperature Programming—10 Things You Absolutely Need to Know. LCGC North America. 2015;33(6):438.
- [16] International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2 (R1). International Conference on Harmonization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.
- [17] World Health Organization. A WHO Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Requirements, Part 2: Validation. Geneva, 1997. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/64465/WHO_VSQ_97.02.pdf?sequence=2
- [18] Al-Rimawi F, Kharoaf M. Analysis of Azithromycin and Its Related Compounds by RP-HPLC with UV Detection. J Chromatogr Sci. 2010;48(2):86-90.
- [19] Arslan Azizoğlu G, Azizoğlu E, Tuncay Tanrıverdi S, Özer Ö. A validated HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Melatonin and Octyl Methoxycinnamate in combined pharmaceutical applications. Marmara Pharm J. 2017;21(4):921-930.
- [20] Yeager B, Bustin K, Stewart J, Dross R, Bell S. Evaluation and validation of ion mobility spectrometry for presumptive testing targeting the organic constituents of firearms discharge residue. Anal Methods. 2015;7(22):9683-9691.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Eczacılıkta Analitik Kimya |
| Bölüm | Articles |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4 |