Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 170 - 181, 27.06.2025

Olusola Aremu Olubunmi Olayemi , Tolulope Ajala Yetunde Isimi Peters Oladosu Kokonne Ekere Judith John Martins Emeje

https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.124
Cited By: 2

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Banso A. Phytochemical and antibacterial investigation of bark extracts of Acacia nilotica. J Med Plants Res. 2009; 3(2): 82-85.
  • [2] Dabur R, Amita G, Mandal T, Desh D, Vivek B, Gurav A, Lavekar G. Antimicrobial activity of some Indian medicinal plants. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2007; 3: 313–318.
  • [3] Costelloe C, Metcalfe C, Lovering A, Mant D, Hay A. Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Med J. 2010; 340: 2096. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Cope A, Chestnutt IG. Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in primary dental care: Reasons and resolutions. Prim Dent J. 2014; 3: 33–37. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Hassali MA, Kamil TK, Md Yusof FA, Alrasheedy AA, Yusoff ZM, Saleem F, Al-Tamimi SK, Wong ZY, Aljadhey H, Godman B. General practitioners; knowledge, attitude and prescribing of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in Selangor, Malaysia: findings and implications. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015; 13(4): 511-520. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Brink AJ, Van Wyk J, Moodley VM, Corcoran C, Ekermans P, Nutt L, Boyles T, Perovic O, Feldman C, Richards G, Mendelson M. The role of appropriate diagnostic testing in acute respiratory tract infections: An antibiotic stewardship strategy to minimise diagnostic uncertainty in primary care. S Afr Med J. 2016; 106: 554–561. [CrossRef]
  • [7] Sandoval-Motta S, Aldana M. Adaptive resistance to antibiotics in bacteria: a systems biology perspective. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2016; 8: 253–267. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Ogochukwu U, Christianah I, Marlene E, Sabinus O, Martins E. Quality assessment of some brands of clarithromycin and azithromycin tablets using the concept of dissolution efficiency and similarity factor. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2018; 9(12): 5401-5410. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Emeje MO, Izuka A, Isimi CY, Ofoefule SI, Kunle OO. Preparation and Standardization of a herbal agent for the therapeutic management of Asthma. Pharm Dev Technol. 2011; 16(2): 170–178. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Bennison JJ, Paterson RT, The use of Trees by Livestock, Acacia production programme, Chatham, UK 1994.
  • [11] Okoro SO, Kawo AH, Arzai AH. Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and toxicological activities of Acacia nilotica extracts. Bayero J Pure Appl Sci Technol. 2014; 7(1): 105–115. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Meena PD, Kaushik P, Shukla S, Soni AK, Kumar M, and Kumar A. Anticancer and antimutagenic properties of Acacia nilotica (Linn.) on 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albinomice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2006; 7: 627-632.
  • [13] Singh BN, Singh BR, Singh RL, Prakash D, Sarma BK, Singh HB. Antioxidant and anti-quorum sensingactivities of green pod of Acacia nilotica L. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009; 47: 778-786. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Sultana B, Anwar F, Przybylski R. Antioxidant activity of phenolic components present in barks ofAzadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica, and Eugenia jambolana Lam. trees. Food Chemistry. 2007; 104: 1106-1114. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Fagg C. Acacia nilotica: pioneer for dry lands. In: Roshetko JM. (Ed). Agroforestry species and technologies. Winrock International, Arizona, pp. 23-24
  • [16] Spies P, March N. Prickly acacia-approaches to the management of prickly acacia (Acacia nilotica) in Australia. Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, Queensland, Australia, 2004.
  • [17] Aliyu BS, Common ethnomedicinal plants of the semiarid regions of West Africa, Triumph, Nigeria 2006.
  • [18] El-Kamali HH, El-Karim EMA. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used in Sudanese traditional medicine for treatment of wound infections. Acad J Plant Sci. 2009; 2(4): 246-251.
  • [19] Kossi M, Tchin D, Povi LE, Kwashi EG, Kodjo AA, Gado N, Messanvi G. Effect of topical application of hydroethanolic extract of Acacia nilotica pods on second-degree cutaneous infected burns. Eur Sci J. 2012; 10(30): 24-29.
  • [20] Gilani AH, Shaheen F, Zaman M, Janbaz KH, Shah BH, Akhtar MS. Studies on antihypertensive and antispasmodic activities of methanol extract of Acacia nilotica pods. Phytother Res. 1999; 13: 665- 669. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Kalaivani T, Mathew L. Free radical scavenging activity from leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. ex Delile, an Indian medicinal tree. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48: 298-305. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Badshah L, Hussain F. People preferences and use of local medicinal flora in District Tank, Pakistan. J Med Plants Res. 2011; 5(1): 22-29.
  • [23] El-Tahir A, Satti GM, Khalid SA. Antiplasmodial activity of selected sudanese medicinal plants with emphasis on Acacia nilotica. Phytother Res. 1999; 13: 474-478.
  • [24] Alli LA, Adesokan AA, Salawu OA, Akanji MA, Tijani AY. Anti-plasmodial activity of aqueous root extract of Acacia nilotica. Afr J Biochem Res. 2011; 5(7): 214-219.
  • [25] Jigam AA, Akanya HO, Dauda BEN, Okogun JO. Polygalloyltannin isolated from the roots of Acacia nilotica Del. (Leguminoseae) is effective against Plasmodium berghei in mice. J Med Plants Res. 2010; 4(12): 1169-1175.
  • [26] Sanni S, Thilza IB, Mohammed SA, Sanni FS, Okpoli LA, Jajere MS, Talle M. The effect of Acacia nilotica pod Ethyl Acetate fraction on induced diarrhea in albino rats. N Y Sci J. 2010; 3(8): 16-20.
  • [27] Oladosu PO, Isu NR, Ibrahim K, Orishadipe AT, Lawson L. Antituberculosis activity of bioactive compounds from fruit extract of Acacia nilotica. J Microbiol Res. 2013; 3(6): 247-254.
  • [28] Abeer MHA, Sanaa OY. Anti-microbial activity of Acacia nilotica extracts against some bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Res J Med Plant. 2007; 1(1): 25-28. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Kossi M, Darré T, Daubeuf F, Lawson-Evi P, Eklu-Gadegbeku K, Aklikokou K, Napo-Koura G, Frossard N, Gbeassor M. Effect of topical application of hydro-ethanolic extract of acacia nilotica pods on second-degree cutaneous ınfected burns. J Pharm Nutr Sci. 2015; 5: 24-29. [CrossRef]
  • [30] Manga SS, Isah M, Danlami MB. Comparative antibacterial activity of Acacia nilotica wild. leaf extracts against multi drug resistant bacteria. UJMR J Microbiol Res. 2018; 3(1): 98- 103.
  • [31] Idson B, Lazarus J. Semisolids in the Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. In: Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. (Eds). Varghese Publishing House, Bombay, India, 1991, pp.534–563.
  • [32] Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. Theory & Practice of industrial pharmacy, second ed., Lea & Fepharbieger, Philadelphia, USA 1976.
  • [33] Gupta P, Garg S. Recent Advances in semisolid dosage forms for dermatological application. Pharm Tech. 2002; 1: 144-162.
  • [34] New TR. Biology of Acacias, Oxford University Press, Melbourne 1984.
  • [35] Lutterodt GD, Ismail A, Basheer, RH, Baharudin HM. Antimicrobial effects of Psidium guajava extracts as one mechanism of its antidiarrheal action. Malays J Med Sci. 1999; 6(2): 17- 20.
  • [36] Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999; 12(4): 564-582.
  • [37] Aremu OI, Badru OH, Oyemade, OA. Comparative effectiveness of certain antimicrobial agents in semi-solid preparations. Afr Res Rev. 2009; 3(4): 244-247.
  • [38] Nayeem N, Karvekar MD. Stability studies abd evaluation of the semi-solid dosage form of the rutin, qurcitin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and sitosterol isolated from the leaves of Tectona grandis for wound healing activity. Arch Appl Sci Res. 2011; 3(1): 43-51.
  • [39] Tian F, Li B, Ji B, Zhang G, Luo Y. Identification and structure–activity relationship of gallotannins separated from Galla chinensis. LWT-Food Sci Technol. 2009; 42: 1289-1295. [CrossRef]
  • [40] Zhai H, Maibach HI. Effects of skin occlusion on percutaneous absorption: an overview. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2001; 14(1): 1-10. [CrossRef]
  • [41] Taguri T, Tanaka T, Kouno I. Antibacterial spectrum of plant polyphenols and extracts depending upon hydroxyphenyl structure. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006; 29(11): 2226-2235. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Kryscio DR, Sathe PM, Lionberger R, Yu L, Bell MA, Jay M, Hilt JZ. Spreadability Measurements to Assess Structural Equivalence (Q3) of Topical Formulations—A Technical Note. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2008; 9(1): 84. [CrossRef]
  • [43] British Pharmacopoeia. British Pharmacopoeia Office: MHRA, 151 Buckingham Palace road, London SW1W9SZ 2013.
  • [44] Wissing S, Lippacher A, Müller R. Investigations on the occlusive properties of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). J Cosmet Sci. 2001; 52: 313–324.
  • [45] Dominiguez MC, Manuel R, Victoria MB. Application of spectrophotometric method for the determination of postantibiotic effect and comparism with viable counts in agar. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001; 47: 391–398. [CrossRef]

Antibacterial evaluation of Acacia nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) seed extract in dermatological preparations

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 170 - 181, 27.06.2025

Olusola Aremu Olubunmi Olayemi , Tolulope Ajala Yetunde Isimi Peters Oladosu Kokonne Ekere Judith John Martins Emeje

https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.124
Cited By: 2

Öz

The plant Acacia nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) has received a lot of recognition because of its ethno-medicinal claims, some of which have been justified by scientific studies. Various forms of its presentation like the liquor concentrates (decoction) and powders are used traditionally, however, none of these have been standardized to assure efficacy, safety, stability and appropriate dose delivery. The intention of this present work was to develop an antibacterial dermatological dosage formulation that will serve as a remedy for the treatment of skin diseases. The powdered seeds were macerated in methanol for 48 h and the resultant extract was formulated using Aqueous cream BP in which parabens was substituted for chlorocresol as preservative, while lipophilic ointment base, shea butter, was used at concentrations of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % w/w respectively. The formulations were evaluated physico-chemically and subsequently tested against selected organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyrogens and Salmonella typhi which are commonly implicated in skin infections. Ciprofloxacin and commercially available Neomycin cream were used as reference compounds. The results showed that, all the preparations especially the ointment containing shea butter gave favourable physico-chemical characteristics and at 10.0 % w/w concentration, exhibited significant antibacterial activity (p<0.05) against the microorganisms tested with activity against Staphylococcus aureus being the highest followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa> Streptococcus pneumonia> Klebsiella pneumonia= Escherichia coli= Salmonella typhi. Therefore showing potential for development as a standardized dosage form for the treatment of skin infections where the interrogated organisms are implicated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acacia nilotica shea butter aqueous cream antibacteriaL skin

Kaynakça

  • [1] Banso A. Phytochemical and antibacterial investigation of bark extracts of Acacia nilotica. J Med Plants Res. 2009; 3(2): 82-85.
  • [2] Dabur R, Amita G, Mandal T, Desh D, Vivek B, Gurav A, Lavekar G. Antimicrobial activity of some Indian medicinal plants. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2007; 3: 313–318.
  • [3] Costelloe C, Metcalfe C, Lovering A, Mant D, Hay A. Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Med J. 2010; 340: 2096. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Cope A, Chestnutt IG. Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in primary dental care: Reasons and resolutions. Prim Dent J. 2014; 3: 33–37. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Hassali MA, Kamil TK, Md Yusof FA, Alrasheedy AA, Yusoff ZM, Saleem F, Al-Tamimi SK, Wong ZY, Aljadhey H, Godman B. General practitioners; knowledge, attitude and prescribing of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in Selangor, Malaysia: findings and implications. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015; 13(4): 511-520. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Brink AJ, Van Wyk J, Moodley VM, Corcoran C, Ekermans P, Nutt L, Boyles T, Perovic O, Feldman C, Richards G, Mendelson M. The role of appropriate diagnostic testing in acute respiratory tract infections: An antibiotic stewardship strategy to minimise diagnostic uncertainty in primary care. S Afr Med J. 2016; 106: 554–561. [CrossRef]
  • [7] Sandoval-Motta S, Aldana M. Adaptive resistance to antibiotics in bacteria: a systems biology perspective. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2016; 8: 253–267. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Ogochukwu U, Christianah I, Marlene E, Sabinus O, Martins E. Quality assessment of some brands of clarithromycin and azithromycin tablets using the concept of dissolution efficiency and similarity factor. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2018; 9(12): 5401-5410. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Emeje MO, Izuka A, Isimi CY, Ofoefule SI, Kunle OO. Preparation and Standardization of a herbal agent for the therapeutic management of Asthma. Pharm Dev Technol. 2011; 16(2): 170–178. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Bennison JJ, Paterson RT, The use of Trees by Livestock, Acacia production programme, Chatham, UK 1994.
  • [11] Okoro SO, Kawo AH, Arzai AH. Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and toxicological activities of Acacia nilotica extracts. Bayero J Pure Appl Sci Technol. 2014; 7(1): 105–115. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Meena PD, Kaushik P, Shukla S, Soni AK, Kumar M, and Kumar A. Anticancer and antimutagenic properties of Acacia nilotica (Linn.) on 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albinomice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2006; 7: 627-632.
  • [13] Singh BN, Singh BR, Singh RL, Prakash D, Sarma BK, Singh HB. Antioxidant and anti-quorum sensingactivities of green pod of Acacia nilotica L. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009; 47: 778-786. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Sultana B, Anwar F, Przybylski R. Antioxidant activity of phenolic components present in barks ofAzadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica, and Eugenia jambolana Lam. trees. Food Chemistry. 2007; 104: 1106-1114. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Fagg C. Acacia nilotica: pioneer for dry lands. In: Roshetko JM. (Ed). Agroforestry species and technologies. Winrock International, Arizona, pp. 23-24
  • [16] Spies P, March N. Prickly acacia-approaches to the management of prickly acacia (Acacia nilotica) in Australia. Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, Queensland, Australia, 2004.
  • [17] Aliyu BS, Common ethnomedicinal plants of the semiarid regions of West Africa, Triumph, Nigeria 2006.
  • [18] El-Kamali HH, El-Karim EMA. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used in Sudanese traditional medicine for treatment of wound infections. Acad J Plant Sci. 2009; 2(4): 246-251.
  • [19] Kossi M, Tchin D, Povi LE, Kwashi EG, Kodjo AA, Gado N, Messanvi G. Effect of topical application of hydroethanolic extract of Acacia nilotica pods on second-degree cutaneous infected burns. Eur Sci J. 2012; 10(30): 24-29.
  • [20] Gilani AH, Shaheen F, Zaman M, Janbaz KH, Shah BH, Akhtar MS. Studies on antihypertensive and antispasmodic activities of methanol extract of Acacia nilotica pods. Phytother Res. 1999; 13: 665- 669. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Kalaivani T, Mathew L. Free radical scavenging activity from leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. ex Delile, an Indian medicinal tree. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48: 298-305. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Badshah L, Hussain F. People preferences and use of local medicinal flora in District Tank, Pakistan. J Med Plants Res. 2011; 5(1): 22-29.
  • [23] El-Tahir A, Satti GM, Khalid SA. Antiplasmodial activity of selected sudanese medicinal plants with emphasis on Acacia nilotica. Phytother Res. 1999; 13: 474-478.
  • [24] Alli LA, Adesokan AA, Salawu OA, Akanji MA, Tijani AY. Anti-plasmodial activity of aqueous root extract of Acacia nilotica. Afr J Biochem Res. 2011; 5(7): 214-219.
  • [25] Jigam AA, Akanya HO, Dauda BEN, Okogun JO. Polygalloyltannin isolated from the roots of Acacia nilotica Del. (Leguminoseae) is effective against Plasmodium berghei in mice. J Med Plants Res. 2010; 4(12): 1169-1175.
  • [26] Sanni S, Thilza IB, Mohammed SA, Sanni FS, Okpoli LA, Jajere MS, Talle M. The effect of Acacia nilotica pod Ethyl Acetate fraction on induced diarrhea in albino rats. N Y Sci J. 2010; 3(8): 16-20.
  • [27] Oladosu PO, Isu NR, Ibrahim K, Orishadipe AT, Lawson L. Antituberculosis activity of bioactive compounds from fruit extract of Acacia nilotica. J Microbiol Res. 2013; 3(6): 247-254.
  • [28] Abeer MHA, Sanaa OY. Anti-microbial activity of Acacia nilotica extracts against some bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Res J Med Plant. 2007; 1(1): 25-28. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Kossi M, Darré T, Daubeuf F, Lawson-Evi P, Eklu-Gadegbeku K, Aklikokou K, Napo-Koura G, Frossard N, Gbeassor M. Effect of topical application of hydro-ethanolic extract of acacia nilotica pods on second-degree cutaneous ınfected burns. J Pharm Nutr Sci. 2015; 5: 24-29. [CrossRef]
  • [30] Manga SS, Isah M, Danlami MB. Comparative antibacterial activity of Acacia nilotica wild. leaf extracts against multi drug resistant bacteria. UJMR J Microbiol Res. 2018; 3(1): 98- 103.
  • [31] Idson B, Lazarus J. Semisolids in the Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. In: Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. (Eds). Varghese Publishing House, Bombay, India, 1991, pp.534–563.
  • [32] Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. Theory & Practice of industrial pharmacy, second ed., Lea & Fepharbieger, Philadelphia, USA 1976.
  • [33] Gupta P, Garg S. Recent Advances in semisolid dosage forms for dermatological application. Pharm Tech. 2002; 1: 144-162.
  • [34] New TR. Biology of Acacias, Oxford University Press, Melbourne 1984.
  • [35] Lutterodt GD, Ismail A, Basheer, RH, Baharudin HM. Antimicrobial effects of Psidium guajava extracts as one mechanism of its antidiarrheal action. Malays J Med Sci. 1999; 6(2): 17- 20.
  • [36] Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999; 12(4): 564-582.
  • [37] Aremu OI, Badru OH, Oyemade, OA. Comparative effectiveness of certain antimicrobial agents in semi-solid preparations. Afr Res Rev. 2009; 3(4): 244-247.
  • [38] Nayeem N, Karvekar MD. Stability studies abd evaluation of the semi-solid dosage form of the rutin, qurcitin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and sitosterol isolated from the leaves of Tectona grandis for wound healing activity. Arch Appl Sci Res. 2011; 3(1): 43-51.
  • [39] Tian F, Li B, Ji B, Zhang G, Luo Y. Identification and structure–activity relationship of gallotannins separated from Galla chinensis. LWT-Food Sci Technol. 2009; 42: 1289-1295. [CrossRef]
  • [40] Zhai H, Maibach HI. Effects of skin occlusion on percutaneous absorption: an overview. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2001; 14(1): 1-10. [CrossRef]
  • [41] Taguri T, Tanaka T, Kouno I. Antibacterial spectrum of plant polyphenols and extracts depending upon hydroxyphenyl structure. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006; 29(11): 2226-2235. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Kryscio DR, Sathe PM, Lionberger R, Yu L, Bell MA, Jay M, Hilt JZ. Spreadability Measurements to Assess Structural Equivalence (Q3) of Topical Formulations—A Technical Note. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2008; 9(1): 84. [CrossRef]
  • [43] British Pharmacopoeia. British Pharmacopoeia Office: MHRA, 151 Buckingham Palace road, London SW1W9SZ 2013.
  • [44] Wissing S, Lippacher A, Müller R. Investigations on the occlusive properties of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). J Cosmet Sci. 2001; 52: 313–324.
  • [45] Dominiguez MC, Manuel R, Victoria MB. Application of spectrophotometric method for the determination of postantibiotic effect and comparism with viable counts in agar. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001; 47: 391–398. [CrossRef]
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Olusola Aremu

Olubunmi Olayemi

Tolulope Ajala

Yetunde Isimi

Peters Oladosu

Kokonne Ekere

Judith John

Martins Emeje

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aremu, O., Olayemi, O., Ajala, T., Isimi, Y., vd. (2025). Antibacterial evaluation of Acacia nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) seed extract in dermatological preparations. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 24(1), 170-181. https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.124
AMA Aremu O, Olayemi O, Ajala T, Isimi Y, Oladosu P, Ekere K, John J, Emeje M. Antibacterial evaluation of Acacia nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) seed extract in dermatological preparations. J. Res. Pharm. Haziran 2025;24(1):170-181. doi:10.35333/jrp.2020.124
Chicago Aremu, Olusola, Olubunmi Olayemi, Tolulope Ajala, Yetunde Isimi, Peters Oladosu, Kokonne Ekere, Judith John, ve Martins Emeje. “Antibacterial Evaluation of Acacia Nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) Seed Extract in Dermatological Preparations”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 24, sy. 1 (Haziran 2025): 170-81. https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.124.
EndNote Aremu O, Olayemi O, Ajala T, Isimi Y, Oladosu P, Ekere K, John J, Emeje M (01 Haziran 2025) Antibacterial evaluation of Acacia nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) seed extract in dermatological preparations. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 24 1 170–181.
IEEE O. Aremu, O. Olayemi, T. Ajala, Y. Isimi, P. Oladosu, K. Ekere, J. John, ve M. Emeje, “Antibacterial evaluation of Acacia nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) seed extract in dermatological preparations”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 24, sy. 1, ss. 170–181, 2025, doi: 10.35333/jrp.2020.124.
ISNAD Aremu, Olusola vd. “Antibacterial Evaluation of Acacia Nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) Seed Extract in Dermatological Preparations”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 24/1 (Haziran 2025), 170-181. https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.124.
JAMA Aremu O, Olayemi O, Ajala T, Isimi Y, Oladosu P, Ekere K, John J, Emeje M. Antibacterial evaluation of Acacia nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) seed extract in dermatological preparations. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;24:170–181.
MLA Aremu, Olusola vd. “Antibacterial Evaluation of Acacia Nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) Seed Extract in Dermatological Preparations”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 24, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 170-81, doi:10.35333/jrp.2020.124.
Vancouver Aremu O, Olayemi O, Ajala T, Isimi Y, Oladosu P, Ekere K, John J, Emeje M. Antibacterial evaluation of Acacia nilotica Lam (Mimosaceae) seed extract in dermatological preparations. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;24(1):170-81.

Cited By

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Ehretia cymosa and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity in Cream and Ointment Drug Delivery Systems
Journal of Nanotechnology
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2808015
Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenols from Equisetum ramosissimum and Moringa peregrina Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus, Collagenase, and Tyrosinase Enzymes: In vitro Studies
Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v17i3.2164