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Characterization of modified sorghum starch and ıts use as a film-forming polymer in orally dissolving film formulation with glycerol as a plasticizer

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5, 1855 - 1865, 28.06.2025

Anisa Amalia Nining Nining Muhammad Dandi

Öz

Film-forming polymers and plasticizers are components of orally dissolving film (ODF) compositions that have the greatest influence on the physical properties of the film preparations. Modification of sorghum starch produces maltodextrin (MDX)-sorghum which can be used as a film-forming polymer, and glycerol can be used as a plasticizer in ODF preparations. This study aims to determine the optimal concentrations of MDX-sorghum and glycerol to produce ODF compositions using the central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM). Hydrolysis of sorghum starch yielded MDX-sorghum, characterized by yield value, dextrose equivalent (DE) value, solubility, swelling power and FTIR analysis. The CCD included a concentration range of 2-6% and 3-10% for MDX-sorghum and glycerol, respectively, as parameters in the optimization process, so 14 experimental designs were obtained. The test response was evaluated using tensile strength, elongation and disintegration time tests. The modification of sorghum starch yields a light brown MDX-sorghum powder with desirable properties. Optimization of MDX-sorghum and glycerol concentrations yielded an optimal formulation with a tensile value of 1.50 mPa with an error percentage of 0.33%, elongation of 104.26% with an error percentage of 0.25%, and disintegration time of 82.95 seconds with an error percentage of 0.06%. By modifying sorghum starch into MDX-sorghum, the starch's ability to dissolve and swell can be improved, allowing it to be used as a film-forming polymer. The optimal MDX-Sorghum and glycerol concentrations for the production of ODF are 3.56% and 10.00 %, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sorghum strach modified film-forming glycerol response surface methodology.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Zhu F. Structure, physicochemical properties, modifications, and uses of sorghum starch. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2014; 13(4): 597–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12070
  • [2] Haryani K, Retnowati DS, Handayani NA, Dewi WM, Pamularsih SA. Modifikasi Pati Sorgum menjadi Maltodekstrin secara Enzimatik Dengan Menggunakan Enzim Alfa Amilase dan Gluko Amilase. J Teknol Pangan. 2022; 6(1): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.14710/jtp.2022.30748
  • [3] Putri DA, Setiawan A, Anggraini PD. Physical properties of edible sorgum starch film added with carboxymethyl cellulose. J Phys Sci. 2018; 29: 185–94. https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2018.29.s2.14
  • [4] Borges AF, Silva C, Coelho JFJ, Simões S. Oral films: Current status and future perspectives. J Control Release. 2015; 206: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.006
  • [5] GI P, MK B, VN E, DM S, AO O. Effect of pH and temperature on the activities of alpha-amylase in cassava starch liquefaction. African J Food Sci Technol. 2018; 9(2): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14303/ajfst.2018.233
  • [6] Shah KA, Gao B, Kamal R, Razzaq A, Qi S, Zhu Q-N, et al. Development and Characterizations of Pullulan and Maltodextrin-Based Oral Fast-Dissolving Films Employing a Box–Behnken Experimental Design. Materials (Basel). 2022; 15(10): 3591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103591
  • [7] Caicedo C, Díaz-Cruz CA, Jiménez-Regalado EJ, Aguirre-Loredo RY. Effect of Plasticizer Content on Mechanical and Water Vapor Permeability of Maize Starch/PVOH/Chitosan Composite Films. Materials (Basel). 2022; 15(4): 1274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15041274
  • [8] Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Quinn ME, editors. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipient. Sixth Edit. Pharmaceutical Press and the American Pharmacists Association; 2009.
  • [9] Fahrullah F, Radiati LE, Purwadi P, Rosyidi D. The Effect of Different Plasticizers on the Characteristics of Whey Composite Edible Film. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak. 2020; 15(1): 31–7. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitek.2020.015.01.4
  • [10] Walfathiyyah A, Kusuma AP, Cahya FN, Qusyairi N, Wahyuningtyas D. Optimization of Plasticizer Glycerol in Edible Film Based Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crossipes) Starch. 5th ICRIEMS Proceedings. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120376
  • [11] Ahmad A, Lajis MA, Yusuf NK, Ab Rahim SN. Statistical optimization by the response surface methodology of direct recycled aluminum-alumina metal matrix composite (MMC-AlR) employing the metal forming process. Processes. 2020; 8(7): 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8070805
  • [12] Almajed A, Srirama D, Moghal AAB. Response Surface Method Analysis of Chemically Stabilized Fiber-Reinforced Soil. Materials (Basel). 2021; 14(6): 1535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061535
  • [13] Bhattacharya S. Central Composite Design for Response Surface Methodology and Its Application in Pharmacy. In: Kayaroganam P, editor. Response Surface Methodology in Engineering Science. IntechOpen; 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95835
  • [14] Bhattarai M, Gupta AK. Fast Dissolving Oral Films: A Novel Trend to Oral Drug Delivery. Sunsari Tech Coll J. 2015; 2(1): 58–68. https://doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v2i1.14802
  • [15] Sharma D, Kaur D, Verma S, Singh D, Singh M, Singh G. Fast Dissolving Oral Films Technology: A Recent Trend For An Innovative Oral Drug Delivery System. Int J Drug Deliv. 2015; 7(2): 60–75. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283831631
  • [16] Siemons I, Politiek RGA, Boom RM, van der Sman RGM, Schutyser MAI. Dextrose equivalence of maltodextrins determines particle morphology development during single sessile droplet drying. Food Res Int. 2020; 131: 108988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108988
  • [17] Pathan RR, Siddiqul A. Preparation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Pellets Containing Mesalamine With Natural Gums For Colon Drug Delivery System. Fabad J Pharm Sci. 2022; 47(1): 35–56. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1078778
  • [18] Sari DI, Fitriana Mi, Mulyadi RR, Hidayati L. Karakterisasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Edible Film Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm) Berbasis Gelatin. Pros Semin Kefarmasian dan Present Ilm. 2017; 8–17. https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS3504.libra-C01500571
  • [19] Sulastri E, Yuyun Y, Heriani N, Khumaidi A. Application of chitosan shells meti (Batissa violacea L. Von Lamarck, 1818) as edible film. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2019; 7(1): 253–64. https://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.7.1.25
  • [20] Panraksa P, Tipduangta P, Jantanasakulwong K, Jantrawut P. Formulation of Orally Disintegrating Films as an Amorphous Solid Solution of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug. Membranes (Basel). 2020; 10(12): 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120376
  • [21] Nurmiah S, Syarief R, Sukarno S, Peranginangin R, Nurmata B. Aplikasi Response Surface Methodology Pada Optimalisasi Kondisi Proses Pengolahan Alkali Treated Cottonii (ATC). J Pascapanen dan Bioteknol Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2013; 8(1): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v8i1.49
  • [22] Wongphan P, Harnkarnsujarit N. Characterization of starch, agar and maltodextrin blends for controlled dissolution of edible films. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020; 156: 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.056
  • [23] Afifah N, Sholichah E, Indrianti N, Darmajana DA. Pengaruh Kombinasi Plasticizer terhadap Karakteristik Edible Film dari Karagenan dan Lilin Lebah. Biopropal Ind. 2018; 9(1): 49–60. https://dx.doi.org/10.36974/jbi.v9i1.3765
  • [24] Mahmood SZ, Sabry HS, Yousif NZ, Salman ZD. Optimization and Evaluation of Chlorpheniramine Maleate Oral Strip for Pediatric Use. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2018; 11(12): 548. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28985
  • [25] Shah U, Naqash F, Gani A, Masoodi FA. Art and Science behind Modified Starch Edible Films and Coatings: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2016; 15(3): 568–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12197
  • [26] Sri SJ, Krishna KSM, Kusuma D, Shankar CU. Formulation and in-Vitro Evaluation of Benazepril Mouth Dissolving Films. Indo Am J Pharm Sci. 2018; 5(1): 552–60. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1162756
  • [27] Shrestha B, Dhungana PK, Dhital S, Adhikari B. Evaluation of Modified Sorghum Starches and Biodegradable Films. J Food Sci Technol Nepal. 2018; 10: 11–7. https://doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v10i0.14800
  • [28] Zusfahair Z, Riana Ningsih D. Pembuatan dekstrin dari pati ubi kayu menggunakan katalis amilase hasil fraksinasi dari Azospirillum sp. JG3. Molekul. 2012; 7(1): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2012.7.1.102
  • [29] Kusumayanti H, Handayani NA, Santosa H. Swelling Power and Water Solubility of Cassava and Sweet Potatoes Flour. Procedia Environ Sci. 2015; 23(Ictcred 2014): 164–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.01.025
  • [30] Torrenegra M, Solano R, Herrera A, León G, Pajaro A. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis of Biodegradable Films Based On Modified Colombian Starches of Cassava and Yam. Int J PharmTech Res. 2018; 11(4): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/IJCTR.2018.111118
  • [31] Topal GR, Kiymaci ME, Özkan Y. Preparation and in Vitro Characterization of Vancomycin Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Infections. Ankara Univ Eczac Fak Derg. 2022; 46(2): 350–63. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1073081
  • [32] Irfan M, Rabel S, Bukhtar Q, Qadir MI, Jabeen F, Khan A. Orally disintegrating films: A modern expansion in drug delivery system. Saudi Pharm J. 2016; 24(5): 537–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.024

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5, 1855 - 1865, 28.06.2025

Anisa Amalia Nining Nining Muhammad Dandi

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Zhu F. Structure, physicochemical properties, modifications, and uses of sorghum starch. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2014; 13(4): 597–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12070
  • [2] Haryani K, Retnowati DS, Handayani NA, Dewi WM, Pamularsih SA. Modifikasi Pati Sorgum menjadi Maltodekstrin secara Enzimatik Dengan Menggunakan Enzim Alfa Amilase dan Gluko Amilase. J Teknol Pangan. 2022; 6(1): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.14710/jtp.2022.30748
  • [3] Putri DA, Setiawan A, Anggraini PD. Physical properties of edible sorgum starch film added with carboxymethyl cellulose. J Phys Sci. 2018; 29: 185–94. https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2018.29.s2.14
  • [4] Borges AF, Silva C, Coelho JFJ, Simões S. Oral films: Current status and future perspectives. J Control Release. 2015; 206: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.006
  • [5] GI P, MK B, VN E, DM S, AO O. Effect of pH and temperature on the activities of alpha-amylase in cassava starch liquefaction. African J Food Sci Technol. 2018; 9(2): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14303/ajfst.2018.233
  • [6] Shah KA, Gao B, Kamal R, Razzaq A, Qi S, Zhu Q-N, et al. Development and Characterizations of Pullulan and Maltodextrin-Based Oral Fast-Dissolving Films Employing a Box–Behnken Experimental Design. Materials (Basel). 2022; 15(10): 3591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103591
  • [7] Caicedo C, Díaz-Cruz CA, Jiménez-Regalado EJ, Aguirre-Loredo RY. Effect of Plasticizer Content on Mechanical and Water Vapor Permeability of Maize Starch/PVOH/Chitosan Composite Films. Materials (Basel). 2022; 15(4): 1274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15041274
  • [8] Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Quinn ME, editors. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipient. Sixth Edit. Pharmaceutical Press and the American Pharmacists Association; 2009.
  • [9] Fahrullah F, Radiati LE, Purwadi P, Rosyidi D. The Effect of Different Plasticizers on the Characteristics of Whey Composite Edible Film. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak. 2020; 15(1): 31–7. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitek.2020.015.01.4
  • [10] Walfathiyyah A, Kusuma AP, Cahya FN, Qusyairi N, Wahyuningtyas D. Optimization of Plasticizer Glycerol in Edible Film Based Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crossipes) Starch. 5th ICRIEMS Proceedings. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120376
  • [11] Ahmad A, Lajis MA, Yusuf NK, Ab Rahim SN. Statistical optimization by the response surface methodology of direct recycled aluminum-alumina metal matrix composite (MMC-AlR) employing the metal forming process. Processes. 2020; 8(7): 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8070805
  • [12] Almajed A, Srirama D, Moghal AAB. Response Surface Method Analysis of Chemically Stabilized Fiber-Reinforced Soil. Materials (Basel). 2021; 14(6): 1535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061535
  • [13] Bhattacharya S. Central Composite Design for Response Surface Methodology and Its Application in Pharmacy. In: Kayaroganam P, editor. Response Surface Methodology in Engineering Science. IntechOpen; 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95835
  • [14] Bhattarai M, Gupta AK. Fast Dissolving Oral Films: A Novel Trend to Oral Drug Delivery. Sunsari Tech Coll J. 2015; 2(1): 58–68. https://doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v2i1.14802
  • [15] Sharma D, Kaur D, Verma S, Singh D, Singh M, Singh G. Fast Dissolving Oral Films Technology: A Recent Trend For An Innovative Oral Drug Delivery System. Int J Drug Deliv. 2015; 7(2): 60–75. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283831631
  • [16] Siemons I, Politiek RGA, Boom RM, van der Sman RGM, Schutyser MAI. Dextrose equivalence of maltodextrins determines particle morphology development during single sessile droplet drying. Food Res Int. 2020; 131: 108988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108988
  • [17] Pathan RR, Siddiqul A. Preparation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Pellets Containing Mesalamine With Natural Gums For Colon Drug Delivery System. Fabad J Pharm Sci. 2022; 47(1): 35–56. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1078778
  • [18] Sari DI, Fitriana Mi, Mulyadi RR, Hidayati L. Karakterisasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Edible Film Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm) Berbasis Gelatin. Pros Semin Kefarmasian dan Present Ilm. 2017; 8–17. https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS3504.libra-C01500571
  • [19] Sulastri E, Yuyun Y, Heriani N, Khumaidi A. Application of chitosan shells meti (Batissa violacea L. Von Lamarck, 1818) as edible film. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2019; 7(1): 253–64. https://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.7.1.25
  • [20] Panraksa P, Tipduangta P, Jantanasakulwong K, Jantrawut P. Formulation of Orally Disintegrating Films as an Amorphous Solid Solution of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug. Membranes (Basel). 2020; 10(12): 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120376
  • [21] Nurmiah S, Syarief R, Sukarno S, Peranginangin R, Nurmata B. Aplikasi Response Surface Methodology Pada Optimalisasi Kondisi Proses Pengolahan Alkali Treated Cottonii (ATC). J Pascapanen dan Bioteknol Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2013; 8(1): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v8i1.49
  • [22] Wongphan P, Harnkarnsujarit N. Characterization of starch, agar and maltodextrin blends for controlled dissolution of edible films. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020; 156: 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.056
  • [23] Afifah N, Sholichah E, Indrianti N, Darmajana DA. Pengaruh Kombinasi Plasticizer terhadap Karakteristik Edible Film dari Karagenan dan Lilin Lebah. Biopropal Ind. 2018; 9(1): 49–60. https://dx.doi.org/10.36974/jbi.v9i1.3765
  • [24] Mahmood SZ, Sabry HS, Yousif NZ, Salman ZD. Optimization and Evaluation of Chlorpheniramine Maleate Oral Strip for Pediatric Use. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2018; 11(12): 548. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28985
  • [25] Shah U, Naqash F, Gani A, Masoodi FA. Art and Science behind Modified Starch Edible Films and Coatings: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2016; 15(3): 568–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12197
  • [26] Sri SJ, Krishna KSM, Kusuma D, Shankar CU. Formulation and in-Vitro Evaluation of Benazepril Mouth Dissolving Films. Indo Am J Pharm Sci. 2018; 5(1): 552–60. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1162756
  • [27] Shrestha B, Dhungana PK, Dhital S, Adhikari B. Evaluation of Modified Sorghum Starches and Biodegradable Films. J Food Sci Technol Nepal. 2018; 10: 11–7. https://doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v10i0.14800
  • [28] Zusfahair Z, Riana Ningsih D. Pembuatan dekstrin dari pati ubi kayu menggunakan katalis amilase hasil fraksinasi dari Azospirillum sp. JG3. Molekul. 2012; 7(1): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2012.7.1.102
  • [29] Kusumayanti H, Handayani NA, Santosa H. Swelling Power and Water Solubility of Cassava and Sweet Potatoes Flour. Procedia Environ Sci. 2015; 23(Ictcred 2014): 164–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.01.025
  • [30] Torrenegra M, Solano R, Herrera A, León G, Pajaro A. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis of Biodegradable Films Based On Modified Colombian Starches of Cassava and Yam. Int J PharmTech Res. 2018; 11(4): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/IJCTR.2018.111118
  • [31] Topal GR, Kiymaci ME, Özkan Y. Preparation and in Vitro Characterization of Vancomycin Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Infections. Ankara Univ Eczac Fak Derg. 2022; 46(2): 350–63. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1073081
  • [32] Irfan M, Rabel S, Bukhtar Q, Qadir MI, Jabeen F, Khan A. Orally disintegrating films: A modern expansion in drug delivery system. Saudi Pharm J. 2016; 24(5): 537–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.024
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Anisa Amalia 0000-0002-3631-4090

Nining Nining 0000-0003-1453-9237

Muhammad Dandi 0000-0003-2386-0268

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Amalia, A., Nining, N., & Dandi, M. (2025). Characterization of modified sorghum starch and ıts use as a film-forming polymer in orally dissolving film formulation with glycerol as a plasticizer. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(5), 1855-1865.
AMA Amalia A, Nining N, Dandi M. Characterization of modified sorghum starch and ıts use as a film-forming polymer in orally dissolving film formulation with glycerol as a plasticizer. J. Res. Pharm. Temmuz 2025;27(5):1855-1865.
Chicago Amalia, Anisa, Nining Nining, ve Muhammad Dandi. “Characterization of Modified Sorghum Starch and ıts Use As a Film-Forming Polymer in Orally Dissolving Film Formulation With Glycerol As a Plasticizer”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27, sy. 5 (Temmuz 2025): 1855-65.
EndNote Amalia A, Nining N, Dandi M (01 Temmuz 2025) Characterization of modified sorghum starch and ıts use as a film-forming polymer in orally dissolving film formulation with glycerol as a plasticizer. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 5 1855–1865.
IEEE A. Amalia, N. Nining, ve M. Dandi, “Characterization of modified sorghum starch and ıts use as a film-forming polymer in orally dissolving film formulation with glycerol as a plasticizer”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 27, sy. 5, ss. 1855–1865, 2025.
ISNAD Amalia, Anisa vd. “Characterization of Modified Sorghum Starch and ıts Use As a Film-Forming Polymer in Orally Dissolving Film Formulation With Glycerol As a Plasticizer”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/5 (Temmuz 2025), 1855-1865.
JAMA Amalia A, Nining N, Dandi M. Characterization of modified sorghum starch and ıts use as a film-forming polymer in orally dissolving film formulation with glycerol as a plasticizer. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:1855–1865.
MLA Amalia, Anisa vd. “Characterization of Modified Sorghum Starch and ıts Use As a Film-Forming Polymer in Orally Dissolving Film Formulation With Glycerol As a Plasticizer”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 27, sy. 5, 2025, ss. 1855-6.
Vancouver Amalia A, Nining N, Dandi M. Characterization of modified sorghum starch and ıts use as a film-forming polymer in orally dissolving film formulation with glycerol as a plasticizer. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(5):1855-6.