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Necessity and impact of patient education driven by pharmacist on the knowledge level of diabetic patients

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5, 1911 - 1923, 28.06.2025

Zekiye Yilmaz Kardelen Bulut

Öz

Turkey had the highest prevalence of diabetes in Europe and approximately 60,000 people pass away because of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Turkey each year. It is essential to provide education to increase knowledge and awareness regarding DM and to motivate patients for the disease management. The aim of this study was to assess the diabetes knowledge levels of diabetes patients using insulin and to evaluate the impact of education provided by pharmacist on their diabetes knowledge level. 64.8% of the participants were having diabetes for more than 5 years and about half of the participants (51.4%) even did not know what type of diabetes they had. 64.86% of the 37 patients have never had education regarding DM or medicines used for the treatment before. The participants’ total mean score from Revised Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT2) was significantly increased from 13.57±5.57 to 19.08±5.05 after patient education (p=0.000). Even though the number of diabetic patients is continually increasing, there is still a dearth of knowledge regarding DM in Turkey. On the other hand, the significant increase on the DKT2 score after education clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of pharmacist-driven education. Pharmacists have an impact to make important contributions on increasing patients’ awareness and knowledge regarding DM. This was a cross-sectional, pilot study conducted among diabetes mellitus patients who came to a community pharmacy in Istanbul. A structured, validated questionnaire was used to assess diabetes knowledge level and impact of patient education by pharmacist.
KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus, patient education, knowledge, DKT2.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diabetes mellitus patient education knowledge DKT2.

Kaynakça

  • [1] American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022; 45(1): S1-S2. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-Sint
  • [2] American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37(1):81-90. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-S081
  • [3] Thomas CC, Philipson LH. Update on diabetes classification. Med Clin North Am. 2015; 99(1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.015
  • [4] Saeedi P, Salpea P, Karuranga S, Petersohn I, Malanda B, Gregg EW, Unwin N, Wild SH, Williams R. Mortality attributable to diabetes in 20–79 years old adults, 2019 estimates: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020; 162: 108086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108086
  • [5] Burki T. Country in Focus: diabetes prevalence on the rise in Turkey. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016; 4 (5): 391-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)00090-5
  • [6] Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N, Karsidag K, Genc S, Telci A, Canbaz B, Turker F, Yilmaz T, Cakir B, Tuomiletho J, TURDEP-II Study Group. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013; 28 (2):169–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5
  • [7] Yavuz KE, Erol S. Developing a diabetes knowledge scale for adults and its psychometric properties. Clin Exp Health Sci. 2022; 12(3): 711-718. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1014888
  • [8] Al-Maskari F, El-Sadig M, Al-Kaabi JM, Afandi B, Nagelkerke N, Yeatts KB. Knowledge, attitude and practices of diabetic patients in the United Arab Emirates. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1): e52857. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052857
  • [9] Duke SAS, Colagiuri S, Colagiuri R. Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; 1(1): CD005268. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005268.pub2
  • [10] Sami W, Ansari T, Butt NS, Hamid MRA. Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2017; 11(2): 65-71.
  • [11] Bohanny W, Wu VSF, Liu CY, Yeh SH, Tsay SL, Wang TJ. Health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2013; 25(9): 495-502. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-7599.12017
  • [12] Yılmaz Z, Sancar M, Okuyan B, Yeşildağ O, İzzettin FV. Impact of verbal and web-based patient education programs driven by clinical pharmacist on the adherence and illness perception of hypertensive patients. IJPER. 2020; 54(3s): s695-s704. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.54.3s.170
  • [13] Nazar CMJ, Bojerenu MM, Safdar M, Marwat J. Effectiveness of diabetes education and awareness of diabetes mellitus in combating diabetes in United Kingdom; a literature review. J Nephropharmacol. 2016; 5(2): 110-115.
  • [14] Campbell RK. Role of the pharmacist in diabetes management. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2002; 59(9): 18-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/59.suppl_9.S18
  • [15] Hughes JD, Wibowo Y, Sunderland B, Hoti K. The role of the pharmacist in the management of type 2 diabetes: current insights and future directions. Integr Pharm Res Pra. 2017; 6(1): 15-27. https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S103783
  • [16] Fan W. Epidemiology in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Endocrinol. 2017; 6(1): 8-16. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000116
  • [17] Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, Haas LB, Hosey GM, Jensen B, Maryniuk M, Peyrot M, Piette JD, Reader D, Siminerio LM, Weinger K, Weiss MA. National standards for diabetes self-management education. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32 (1): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-S087
  • [18] Mohammadi S, Karim NA, Talib RA, Amani R. Knowledge, attitude and practices on diabetes among type 2 diabetic patients in Iran: A cross-sectional study. Sci J Public Health. 2015; 4(3): 520-524. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.20
  • [19] Choi J, Choi JY, Lee SA, Lee KM, Shin A, Oh J, Park J, Song M, Yang JJ, Lee JK, Kang D. Association between family history of diabetes and clusters of adherence to healthy behaviors: cross-sectional results from the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(6): e025477. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025477
  • [20] Jurj AL, Wen W, Li HL, Zheng W, Yang G, Xiang YB, Gao YT, Shu XO. Spousal correlations for lifestyle factors and selected diseases in Chinese couples. Ann Epidemiol. 2006; 16(4): 285-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.07.060
  • [21] Tsanani SE, Margalit A, Golan LN. Occurrence of comorbidities in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and their impact after 11 years’ follow-up. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1): 11071. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90379-0
  • [22] Sweileh WM, Zyoud SH, Nab’a RJA, Deleg MI, Enaia MI, Nassar SM, Al-Jabi SW. Influence of patients’ disease knowledge and beliefs about medicines on medication adherence: findings from a cross-sectional survey among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Palestine. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14 (1): 94. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-94
  • [23] Idiz C, Celik S, Bağdemir E, Dişsiz M, Satman I. Turkish adaptation of Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center’s Revised Diabetes Knowledge Test and determination of factors affecting the knowledge level of diabetic individuals. Turk J Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 24(1): 38-46. https://doi.org/10.25179/tjem.2019-71974
  • [24] Krass I, Armour CL, Mitchell B, Brillant M, Dienaar R, Hughes J, Lau P, Peterson G, Stewart K, Taylor S, Wilkinson J. The pharmacy diabetes care program: assessment of a community pharmacy diabetes service model in Australia. Diabet Med. 2007; 24(6): 677-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02143.x
  • [25] Yılmaz Z, Al-Taie A. A cross sectional study of community pharmacists’ self-reported disease knowledge and competence in the treatment of childhood autism spectrum disorder. Int J Clin Pharm. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-022-01530-4
  • [26] Murata GH, Shah JH, Adam KD, Wendel CS, Bokhari SU, Solvas PA, Hoffman RM, Duckworth WC. Factors affecting diabetes knowledge in type 2 diabetic veterans. Diabetologica. 2003; 46(8): 1170-1178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-003-1161-1
  • [27] Dağdelen ZA. PhD Thesis. The awareness of diabetes mellitus in centrum of Aydın: Diabetes associated knowledge level and related factors. Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey, 2012.
  • [28] Fitzgerald JT, Funnell MM, Anderson RM, Nwankwo R, Stansfield RB, Piatt GA. Validation of the revised brief diabetes knowledge test (DKT2). Diabetes Educ. 2016; 42(2): 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721715624968

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5, 1911 - 1923, 28.06.2025

Zekiye Yilmaz Kardelen Bulut

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022; 45(1): S1-S2. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-Sint
  • [2] American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37(1):81-90. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-S081
  • [3] Thomas CC, Philipson LH. Update on diabetes classification. Med Clin North Am. 2015; 99(1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.015
  • [4] Saeedi P, Salpea P, Karuranga S, Petersohn I, Malanda B, Gregg EW, Unwin N, Wild SH, Williams R. Mortality attributable to diabetes in 20–79 years old adults, 2019 estimates: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020; 162: 108086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108086
  • [5] Burki T. Country in Focus: diabetes prevalence on the rise in Turkey. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016; 4 (5): 391-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)00090-5
  • [6] Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N, Karsidag K, Genc S, Telci A, Canbaz B, Turker F, Yilmaz T, Cakir B, Tuomiletho J, TURDEP-II Study Group. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013; 28 (2):169–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5
  • [7] Yavuz KE, Erol S. Developing a diabetes knowledge scale for adults and its psychometric properties. Clin Exp Health Sci. 2022; 12(3): 711-718. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1014888
  • [8] Al-Maskari F, El-Sadig M, Al-Kaabi JM, Afandi B, Nagelkerke N, Yeatts KB. Knowledge, attitude and practices of diabetic patients in the United Arab Emirates. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1): e52857. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052857
  • [9] Duke SAS, Colagiuri S, Colagiuri R. Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; 1(1): CD005268. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005268.pub2
  • [10] Sami W, Ansari T, Butt NS, Hamid MRA. Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2017; 11(2): 65-71.
  • [11] Bohanny W, Wu VSF, Liu CY, Yeh SH, Tsay SL, Wang TJ. Health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2013; 25(9): 495-502. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-7599.12017
  • [12] Yılmaz Z, Sancar M, Okuyan B, Yeşildağ O, İzzettin FV. Impact of verbal and web-based patient education programs driven by clinical pharmacist on the adherence and illness perception of hypertensive patients. IJPER. 2020; 54(3s): s695-s704. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.54.3s.170
  • [13] Nazar CMJ, Bojerenu MM, Safdar M, Marwat J. Effectiveness of diabetes education and awareness of diabetes mellitus in combating diabetes in United Kingdom; a literature review. J Nephropharmacol. 2016; 5(2): 110-115.
  • [14] Campbell RK. Role of the pharmacist in diabetes management. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2002; 59(9): 18-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/59.suppl_9.S18
  • [15] Hughes JD, Wibowo Y, Sunderland B, Hoti K. The role of the pharmacist in the management of type 2 diabetes: current insights and future directions. Integr Pharm Res Pra. 2017; 6(1): 15-27. https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S103783
  • [16] Fan W. Epidemiology in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Endocrinol. 2017; 6(1): 8-16. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000116
  • [17] Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, Haas LB, Hosey GM, Jensen B, Maryniuk M, Peyrot M, Piette JD, Reader D, Siminerio LM, Weinger K, Weiss MA. National standards for diabetes self-management education. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32 (1): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-S087
  • [18] Mohammadi S, Karim NA, Talib RA, Amani R. Knowledge, attitude and practices on diabetes among type 2 diabetic patients in Iran: A cross-sectional study. Sci J Public Health. 2015; 4(3): 520-524. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.20
  • [19] Choi J, Choi JY, Lee SA, Lee KM, Shin A, Oh J, Park J, Song M, Yang JJ, Lee JK, Kang D. Association between family history of diabetes and clusters of adherence to healthy behaviors: cross-sectional results from the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(6): e025477. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025477
  • [20] Jurj AL, Wen W, Li HL, Zheng W, Yang G, Xiang YB, Gao YT, Shu XO. Spousal correlations for lifestyle factors and selected diseases in Chinese couples. Ann Epidemiol. 2006; 16(4): 285-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.07.060
  • [21] Tsanani SE, Margalit A, Golan LN. Occurrence of comorbidities in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and their impact after 11 years’ follow-up. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1): 11071. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90379-0
  • [22] Sweileh WM, Zyoud SH, Nab’a RJA, Deleg MI, Enaia MI, Nassar SM, Al-Jabi SW. Influence of patients’ disease knowledge and beliefs about medicines on medication adherence: findings from a cross-sectional survey among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Palestine. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14 (1): 94. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-94
  • [23] Idiz C, Celik S, Bağdemir E, Dişsiz M, Satman I. Turkish adaptation of Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center’s Revised Diabetes Knowledge Test and determination of factors affecting the knowledge level of diabetic individuals. Turk J Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 24(1): 38-46. https://doi.org/10.25179/tjem.2019-71974
  • [24] Krass I, Armour CL, Mitchell B, Brillant M, Dienaar R, Hughes J, Lau P, Peterson G, Stewart K, Taylor S, Wilkinson J. The pharmacy diabetes care program: assessment of a community pharmacy diabetes service model in Australia. Diabet Med. 2007; 24(6): 677-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02143.x
  • [25] Yılmaz Z, Al-Taie A. A cross sectional study of community pharmacists’ self-reported disease knowledge and competence in the treatment of childhood autism spectrum disorder. Int J Clin Pharm. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-022-01530-4
  • [26] Murata GH, Shah JH, Adam KD, Wendel CS, Bokhari SU, Solvas PA, Hoffman RM, Duckworth WC. Factors affecting diabetes knowledge in type 2 diabetic veterans. Diabetologica. 2003; 46(8): 1170-1178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-003-1161-1
  • [27] Dağdelen ZA. PhD Thesis. The awareness of diabetes mellitus in centrum of Aydın: Diabetes associated knowledge level and related factors. Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey, 2012.
  • [28] Fitzgerald JT, Funnell MM, Anderson RM, Nwankwo R, Stansfield RB, Piatt GA. Validation of the revised brief diabetes knowledge test (DKT2). Diabetes Educ. 2016; 42(2): 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721715624968
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Zekiye Yilmaz

Kardelen Bulut 0009-0003-6816-4693

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Yilmaz, Z., & Bulut, K. (2025). Necessity and impact of patient education driven by pharmacist on the knowledge level of diabetic patients. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(5), 1911-1923.
AMA Yilmaz Z, Bulut K. Necessity and impact of patient education driven by pharmacist on the knowledge level of diabetic patients. J. Res. Pharm. Temmuz 2025;27(5):1911-1923.
Chicago Yilmaz, Zekiye, ve Kardelen Bulut. “Necessity and Impact of Patient Education Driven by Pharmacist on the Knowledge Level of Diabetic Patients”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27, sy. 5 (Temmuz 2025): 1911-23.
EndNote Yilmaz Z, Bulut K (01 Temmuz 2025) Necessity and impact of patient education driven by pharmacist on the knowledge level of diabetic patients. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 5 1911–1923.
IEEE Z. Yilmaz ve K. Bulut, “Necessity and impact of patient education driven by pharmacist on the knowledge level of diabetic patients”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 27, sy. 5, ss. 1911–1923, 2025.
ISNAD Yilmaz, Zekiye - Bulut, Kardelen. “Necessity and Impact of Patient Education Driven by Pharmacist on the Knowledge Level of Diabetic Patients”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/5 (Temmuz 2025), 1911-1923.
JAMA Yilmaz Z, Bulut K. Necessity and impact of patient education driven by pharmacist on the knowledge level of diabetic patients. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:1911–1923.
MLA Yilmaz, Zekiye ve Kardelen Bulut. “Necessity and Impact of Patient Education Driven by Pharmacist on the Knowledge Level of Diabetic Patients”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 27, sy. 5, 2025, ss. 1911-23.
Vancouver Yilmaz Z, Bulut K. Necessity and impact of patient education driven by pharmacist on the knowledge level of diabetic patients. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(5):1911-23.