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Formulation of a natural nanosystem based on β-cyclodextrin/arginine/xanthan to increase antifungal activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n'Ath Abas)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 581 - 597, 28.06.2025

Yacine Naıt Bachır , Naima Sahraoui Zahia Cheurfa Meriem Medjkane Amel Hadj Ziane

Öz

The aim of this work is to study for the first time the chemical composition of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Algerian region of Kabylia (Kalaa n'Ath Abas) and to evaluate its antifungal activity. The originality of this work consists in the development of a new nanosystem based on natural excipients (β-cyclodextrin, xanthan gum and arginine) to increase its antifungal activity. The yield of Salvia officinalis essential oil was 2.07%, it is mainly composed of α-Thujone (23.21%), 1,8-Cineole (14.17%) and Camphor (11.02%). Nanoemulsion based on β-cyxlodextrins has an average diameter of 219.1±5.2 nm, a zeta potential of 36.2±4.8 mV and a viscosity of 0.87±0.03 Pa.s. This essential oil showed a good antifungal activity against all tested strains (Candida albicans, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton equinum). Moreover, a significant increase of this activity was noted after essential oil nano-emulsification. The easy penetration of nanodroplets composing the prepared system through fungal cell wall and their high solubility in fungal cell cytoplasm permit to increase antifungal activity of studied essential oil.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Salvia officinalis essential oil chemical composition antifungal activity cyclodextrins fungicidal effect enhancement

Kaynakça

  • [1] Labdi A, Amiali M, Nait Bachir Y, Merouane A, Dahman-Zouambi A, Koceir EA, et al. Green tea extract attenuates non alcoholic fatty liver disease by decreasing hyperlipidemia and enhancing Superoxide dismutase activity in cholesterol-fed rats. Med J Nutrition Metab. 2018 Sep 15;11(3):295–306. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Nabi I, Megateli I, Nait Bachir Y, Djellouli S, Hadj‐Ziane‐Zafour A. Effect of stevia and pectin supplementation on physicochemical properties, preservation and in‐vivo hypoglycemic potential of orange nectar. J Food Process Preserv. 2021 Feb 14;45(2):0–2. [CrossRef]
  • [3] Dob T, Berramdane T, Dahmane D, Benabdelkader T, Chelghoum C. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis from Algeria. Chem Nat Compd. 2007 Jul;43(4):491–4. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Nait Bachir Y, Bensaibi I, Nantenainjanahary I, Medjkane M, Zafour A. Optimisation des Paramètres d’Extraction des Molécules Bioactives de Salvia officinalis en Utilisant les Plans d’Expériences. Phytochem BioSub J. 2017;11(3):2017.
  • [5] Nait Bachir Y, Zafour A, Medjkane M. Formulation of stable microcapsules suspensions content Salvia officinalis extract for its antioxidant activity preservation. J Food Process Preserv. 2018;42(2). [CrossRef]
  • [6] Knezevic-Vukcevic J, Vukovic-Gacic B, Stevic T, Stanojevic J, Nikolic B, Simic D. Antimutagenic effect of essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and its fractions against UV-induced mutations in bacterial and yeast cells. Arch Biol Sci. 2005;57(3):163–72. [CrossRef]
  • [7. Damjanovic-Vratnica B, Ðakov T, Šukovic D, Damjanovic J. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Wild-Growing Salvia officinalis L. from Montenegro. J Essent Oil Bear Plants. 2008 Jan;11(1):79–89. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Tosun A, Khan S, Kim Y, Calín-Sánchez A, Hysenaj X, Carbonell-Barrachina A. Essential Oil Composition and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) in Murin Macrophages. Trop J Pharm Res. 2014 Sep 15;13(6):937. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Edris AE, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Denkova Z, Stoyanova A, Slavchev A. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activities and Olfactive Evaluation of a Salvia officinalis L. (Sage) Essential Oil from Egypt. J Essent Oil Res. 2007 Mar;19(2):186–9. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Vera RR, Chane-Ming J, Fraisse DJ. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) from Reunion Island. J Essent Oil Res. 1999 Jul;11(4):399–402. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Awen BZ, Unnithan CR, Ravi S, Kermagy A, Prabhu V, Hemlal H. Chemical Composition of Salvia officinalis essential oil of Libya. J Essent Oil Bear Plants. 2011 Jan;14(1):89–94. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Longaray Delamare AP, Moschen-Pistorello IT, Artico L, Atti-Serafini L, Echeverrigaray S. Antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia triloba L. cultivated in South Brazil. Food Chem. 2007 Jan;100(2):603–8. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Miguel G, Cruz C, Faleiro ML, Simões MTF, Figueiredo AC, Barroso JG, et al. Salvia officinalis L. essential oils: effect of hydrodistillation time on the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Nat Prod Res. 2011 Mar;25(5):526–41. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Bhat G, Rasool S, Shakeel-u-Rehman, Ganaie M, Qazi PH, Shawl AS. Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil of Leaves of Salvia officinalis (Sage) from Kashmir, India. J Essent Oil Bear Plants. 2016 Jul 3;19(5):1129–40. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Nait Bachir Y, Medjkane M, Benaoudj F, Sahraoui N, Hadj-ziane A. Formulation of β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges by Polycondensation Method: Application for Natural Drugs Delivery and Preservation. J Mater Process Environ. 2017;5(1):80–5.
  • [16] Pinto E, Salgueiro LR, Cavaleiro C, Palmeira A, Gonçalves MJ. In vitro susceptibility of some species of yeasts and filamentous fungi to essential oils of Salvia officinalis. Ind Crops Prod. 2007 Aug;26(2):135–41. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Velickovic DT, Ristic MS, Randjelovic N V., Smelcerovic AA. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Characteristic of the Essential Oils Obtained from the Flower, Leaf and Stem of Salvia officinalis L. Originating from Southeast Serbia. J Essent Oil Res. 2002 Nov;14(6):453–8. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Abu-Darwish MS, Cabral C, Ferreira I V., Gonçalves MJ, Cavaleiro C, Cruz MT, et al. Essential Oil of Common Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) from Jordan: Assessment of Safety in Mammalian Cells and Its Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:1–9. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Tan N, Satana D, Sen B, Tan E, Altan HB, Demirci B, et al. Antimycobacterial and antifungal activities of selected four Salvia species. Rec Nat Prod. 2016;10(5):593–603.
  • [20] Bouaziz M, Yangui T, Sayadi S, Dhouib A. Disinfectant properties of essential oils from Salvia officinalis L. cultivated in Tunisia. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Nov;47(11):2755–60. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Bozin B, Mimica-Dukic N, Samojlik I, Jovin E. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Rosemary and Sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) Essential Oils. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Sep;55(19):7879–85. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Viuda-Martos M, Navajas YR, Zapata ES, Fernández-López J, Pérez-Álvarez JA. Antioxidant activity of essential oils of fi ve spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet. Flavour Fragr J. 2010;2010(25):13–9. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Del Valle EMM. Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review. Process Biochem. 2004 May;39(9):1033–46. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Marques HMC. A review on cyclodextrin encapsulation of essential oils and volatiles. Flavour Fragr J. 2010 Sep;25(5):313–26. [CrossRef]
  • [25] Challa R, Ahuja A, Ali J, Khar RK. Cyclodextrins in drug delivery: An updated review. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2005 Jun;6(2):E329–57. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Ben Khedher MR, Ben Khedher S, Chaieb I, Tounsi S, Hammami M. Chemical composition and biological activities of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Tunisia. EXCLI J. 2017;16(3):160–73. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Benkherara S, Bordjiba O, Djahra AB. Évaluation in vitro de l’activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle de Salvia officinalis. Phytothérapie. 2015 Feb 14;13(1):14–8. [CrossRef]
  • [28] Nait Bachir Y. Effect of Polymers Dispersions on the Inclusion Complexe Formation Between β- Cyclodextrin and Insoluble Drugs. Case Study: Atorvastatin Solubility Enhancement in the Biological Conditions of the BloodMedium (In-Vitro Dissolution Study). Int J Pharma Sci Res. 2018;9(06):74–82.
  • [29] Nait Bachir Y, Nait Bachir R, Hadj-Ziane-Zafour A. Nanodispersions stabilized by β-cyclodextrin nanosponges: application for simultaneous enhancement of bioactivity and stability of sage essential oil. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2018; [CrossRef]
  • [30] Heurtault B. Physico-chemical stability of colloidal lipid particles. Biomaterials. 2003 Oct;24(23):4283–300. [CrossRef]
  • [31] Slamani M, Zaouadi N, Gharbi D, Nait Bachir Y, Hadj Ziane-Zafour A. Formulation of an oral emulsion for the delivery of active substances contained in Atriplex halimus L. leaves. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2020;12(1):35–48.
  • [32] Mahboubi M, Kazempour N. The antifungal activity of Artemisia sieberi essential oil from different localities of Iran against dermatophyte fungi. J Mycol Med. 2015 Jun;25(2):e65–71. [CrossRef]
  • [33] Burt S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004 Aug;94(3):223–53. [CrossRef]
  • [34] Conseil de l’Europe. Maisonneuve SA Editions SR. Pharmacopée Européenne. 1996.
  • [35] Adams. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Carol Stream, Illinois: Allured Publishing Corporation. 2007. [36] Van Den Dool, H, Kratz, PD. A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1963;1963(11):463–71.
  • [37] Nait Bachir Y, Ouennoughi N, Daoud K. Formulation, characterization and in-vitro dissolution study of glimepiride, β-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes and water soluble polymers ternary systems. Int J Pharma Bio Sci. 1013;4(4):272–87.
  • [38] Cantón E, Pemán J, Viudes A, Quindós G, Gobernado M, Espinel-Ingroff A. Minimum fungicidal concentrations of amphotericin B for bloodstream Candida species. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003 Mar;45(3):203–6. [CrossRef]
  • [39] CLSI. Method for antifungal disk diffusion susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; proposed guideline. CLSI document M51- P. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2009.

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 581 - 597, 28.06.2025

Yacine Naıt Bachır , Naima Sahraoui Zahia Cheurfa Meriem Medjkane Amel Hadj Ziane

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Labdi A, Amiali M, Nait Bachir Y, Merouane A, Dahman-Zouambi A, Koceir EA, et al. Green tea extract attenuates non alcoholic fatty liver disease by decreasing hyperlipidemia and enhancing Superoxide dismutase activity in cholesterol-fed rats. Med J Nutrition Metab. 2018 Sep 15;11(3):295–306. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Nabi I, Megateli I, Nait Bachir Y, Djellouli S, Hadj‐Ziane‐Zafour A. Effect of stevia and pectin supplementation on physicochemical properties, preservation and in‐vivo hypoglycemic potential of orange nectar. J Food Process Preserv. 2021 Feb 14;45(2):0–2. [CrossRef]
  • [3] Dob T, Berramdane T, Dahmane D, Benabdelkader T, Chelghoum C. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis from Algeria. Chem Nat Compd. 2007 Jul;43(4):491–4. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Nait Bachir Y, Bensaibi I, Nantenainjanahary I, Medjkane M, Zafour A. Optimisation des Paramètres d’Extraction des Molécules Bioactives de Salvia officinalis en Utilisant les Plans d’Expériences. Phytochem BioSub J. 2017;11(3):2017.
  • [5] Nait Bachir Y, Zafour A, Medjkane M. Formulation of stable microcapsules suspensions content Salvia officinalis extract for its antioxidant activity preservation. J Food Process Preserv. 2018;42(2). [CrossRef]
  • [6] Knezevic-Vukcevic J, Vukovic-Gacic B, Stevic T, Stanojevic J, Nikolic B, Simic D. Antimutagenic effect of essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and its fractions against UV-induced mutations in bacterial and yeast cells. Arch Biol Sci. 2005;57(3):163–72. [CrossRef]
  • [7. Damjanovic-Vratnica B, Ðakov T, Šukovic D, Damjanovic J. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Wild-Growing Salvia officinalis L. from Montenegro. J Essent Oil Bear Plants. 2008 Jan;11(1):79–89. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Tosun A, Khan S, Kim Y, Calín-Sánchez A, Hysenaj X, Carbonell-Barrachina A. Essential Oil Composition and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) in Murin Macrophages. Trop J Pharm Res. 2014 Sep 15;13(6):937. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Edris AE, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Denkova Z, Stoyanova A, Slavchev A. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activities and Olfactive Evaluation of a Salvia officinalis L. (Sage) Essential Oil from Egypt. J Essent Oil Res. 2007 Mar;19(2):186–9. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Vera RR, Chane-Ming J, Fraisse DJ. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) from Reunion Island. J Essent Oil Res. 1999 Jul;11(4):399–402. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Awen BZ, Unnithan CR, Ravi S, Kermagy A, Prabhu V, Hemlal H. Chemical Composition of Salvia officinalis essential oil of Libya. J Essent Oil Bear Plants. 2011 Jan;14(1):89–94. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Longaray Delamare AP, Moschen-Pistorello IT, Artico L, Atti-Serafini L, Echeverrigaray S. Antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia triloba L. cultivated in South Brazil. Food Chem. 2007 Jan;100(2):603–8. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Miguel G, Cruz C, Faleiro ML, Simões MTF, Figueiredo AC, Barroso JG, et al. Salvia officinalis L. essential oils: effect of hydrodistillation time on the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Nat Prod Res. 2011 Mar;25(5):526–41. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Bhat G, Rasool S, Shakeel-u-Rehman, Ganaie M, Qazi PH, Shawl AS. Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil of Leaves of Salvia officinalis (Sage) from Kashmir, India. J Essent Oil Bear Plants. 2016 Jul 3;19(5):1129–40. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Nait Bachir Y, Medjkane M, Benaoudj F, Sahraoui N, Hadj-ziane A. Formulation of β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges by Polycondensation Method: Application for Natural Drugs Delivery and Preservation. J Mater Process Environ. 2017;5(1):80–5.
  • [16] Pinto E, Salgueiro LR, Cavaleiro C, Palmeira A, Gonçalves MJ. In vitro susceptibility of some species of yeasts and filamentous fungi to essential oils of Salvia officinalis. Ind Crops Prod. 2007 Aug;26(2):135–41. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Velickovic DT, Ristic MS, Randjelovic N V., Smelcerovic AA. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Characteristic of the Essential Oils Obtained from the Flower, Leaf and Stem of Salvia officinalis L. Originating from Southeast Serbia. J Essent Oil Res. 2002 Nov;14(6):453–8. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Abu-Darwish MS, Cabral C, Ferreira I V., Gonçalves MJ, Cavaleiro C, Cruz MT, et al. Essential Oil of Common Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) from Jordan: Assessment of Safety in Mammalian Cells and Its Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:1–9. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Tan N, Satana D, Sen B, Tan E, Altan HB, Demirci B, et al. Antimycobacterial and antifungal activities of selected four Salvia species. Rec Nat Prod. 2016;10(5):593–603.
  • [20] Bouaziz M, Yangui T, Sayadi S, Dhouib A. Disinfectant properties of essential oils from Salvia officinalis L. cultivated in Tunisia. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Nov;47(11):2755–60. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Bozin B, Mimica-Dukic N, Samojlik I, Jovin E. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Rosemary and Sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) Essential Oils. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Sep;55(19):7879–85. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Viuda-Martos M, Navajas YR, Zapata ES, Fernández-López J, Pérez-Álvarez JA. Antioxidant activity of essential oils of fi ve spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet. Flavour Fragr J. 2010;2010(25):13–9. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Del Valle EMM. Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review. Process Biochem. 2004 May;39(9):1033–46. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Marques HMC. A review on cyclodextrin encapsulation of essential oils and volatiles. Flavour Fragr J. 2010 Sep;25(5):313–26. [CrossRef]
  • [25] Challa R, Ahuja A, Ali J, Khar RK. Cyclodextrins in drug delivery: An updated review. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2005 Jun;6(2):E329–57. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Ben Khedher MR, Ben Khedher S, Chaieb I, Tounsi S, Hammami M. Chemical composition and biological activities of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Tunisia. EXCLI J. 2017;16(3):160–73. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Benkherara S, Bordjiba O, Djahra AB. Évaluation in vitro de l’activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle de Salvia officinalis. Phytothérapie. 2015 Feb 14;13(1):14–8. [CrossRef]
  • [28] Nait Bachir Y. Effect of Polymers Dispersions on the Inclusion Complexe Formation Between β- Cyclodextrin and Insoluble Drugs. Case Study: Atorvastatin Solubility Enhancement in the Biological Conditions of the BloodMedium (In-Vitro Dissolution Study). Int J Pharma Sci Res. 2018;9(06):74–82.
  • [29] Nait Bachir Y, Nait Bachir R, Hadj-Ziane-Zafour A. Nanodispersions stabilized by β-cyclodextrin nanosponges: application for simultaneous enhancement of bioactivity and stability of sage essential oil. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2018; [CrossRef]
  • [30] Heurtault B. Physico-chemical stability of colloidal lipid particles. Biomaterials. 2003 Oct;24(23):4283–300. [CrossRef]
  • [31] Slamani M, Zaouadi N, Gharbi D, Nait Bachir Y, Hadj Ziane-Zafour A. Formulation of an oral emulsion for the delivery of active substances contained in Atriplex halimus L. leaves. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2020;12(1):35–48.
  • [32] Mahboubi M, Kazempour N. The antifungal activity of Artemisia sieberi essential oil from different localities of Iran against dermatophyte fungi. J Mycol Med. 2015 Jun;25(2):e65–71. [CrossRef]
  • [33] Burt S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004 Aug;94(3):223–53. [CrossRef]
  • [34] Conseil de l’Europe. Maisonneuve SA Editions SR. Pharmacopée Européenne. 1996.
  • [35] Adams. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Carol Stream, Illinois: Allured Publishing Corporation. 2007. [36] Van Den Dool, H, Kratz, PD. A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1963;1963(11):463–71.
  • [37] Nait Bachir Y, Ouennoughi N, Daoud K. Formulation, characterization and in-vitro dissolution study of glimepiride, β-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes and water soluble polymers ternary systems. Int J Pharma Bio Sci. 1013;4(4):272–87.
  • [38] Cantón E, Pemán J, Viudes A, Quindós G, Gobernado M, Espinel-Ingroff A. Minimum fungicidal concentrations of amphotericin B for bloodstream Candida species. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003 Mar;45(3):203–6. [CrossRef]
  • [39] CLSI. Method for antifungal disk diffusion susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; proposed guideline. CLSI document M51- P. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2009.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık Bilimleri
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Yacine Naıt Bachır 0000-0002-6361-7935

Naima Sahraoui 0000-0001-9402-3884

Zahia Cheurfa 0009-0003-9644-561X

Meriem Medjkane 0000-0002-7805-6499

Amel Hadj Ziane 0009-0008-1612-4629

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Naıt Bachır, Y., Sahraoui, N., Cheurfa, Z., Medjkane, M., vd. (2025). Formulation of a natural nanosystem based on β-cyclodextrin/arginine/xanthan to increase antifungal activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n’Ath Abas). Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 26(3), 581-597.
AMA Naıt Bachır Y, Sahraoui N, Cheurfa Z, Medjkane M, Hadj Ziane A. Formulation of a natural nanosystem based on β-cyclodextrin/arginine/xanthan to increase antifungal activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n’Ath Abas). J. Res. Pharm. Haziran 2025;26(3):581-597.
Chicago Naıt Bachır, Yacine, Naima Sahraoui, Zahia Cheurfa, Meriem Medjkane, ve Amel Hadj Ziane. “Formulation of a Natural Nanosystem Based on β-cyclodextrin/arginine/Xanthan to Increase Antifungal Activity of Salvia Officinalis Essential Oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n’Ath Abas)”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26, sy. 3 (Haziran 2025): 581-97.
EndNote Naıt Bachır Y, Sahraoui N, Cheurfa Z, Medjkane M, Hadj Ziane A (01 Haziran 2025) Formulation of a natural nanosystem based on β-cyclodextrin/arginine/xanthan to increase antifungal activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n’Ath Abas). Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26 3 581–597.
IEEE Y. Naıt Bachır, N. Sahraoui, Z. Cheurfa, M. Medjkane, ve A. Hadj Ziane, “Formulation of a natural nanosystem based on β-cyclodextrin/arginine/xanthan to increase antifungal activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n’Ath Abas)”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 26, sy. 3, ss. 581–597, 2025.
ISNAD Naıt Bachır, Yacine vd. “Formulation of a Natural Nanosystem Based on β-cyclodextrin/arginine/Xanthan to Increase Antifungal Activity of Salvia Officinalis Essential Oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n’Ath Abas)”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26/3 (Haziran 2025), 581-597.
JAMA Naıt Bachır Y, Sahraoui N, Cheurfa Z, Medjkane M, Hadj Ziane A. Formulation of a natural nanosystem based on β-cyclodextrin/arginine/xanthan to increase antifungal activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n’Ath Abas). J. Res. Pharm. 2025;26:581–597.
MLA Naıt Bachır, Yacine vd. “Formulation of a Natural Nanosystem Based on β-cyclodextrin/arginine/Xanthan to Increase Antifungal Activity of Salvia Officinalis Essential Oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n’Ath Abas)”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 26, sy. 3, 2025, ss. 581-97.
Vancouver Naıt Bachır Y, Sahraoui N, Cheurfa Z, Medjkane M, Hadj Ziane A. Formulation of a natural nanosystem based on β-cyclodextrin/arginine/xanthan to increase antifungal activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Algeria (Bejaïa, Kalaa n’Ath Abas). J. Res. Pharm. 2025;26(3):581-97.