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Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 1231 - 1243, 28.06.2025

Jegan Nallamadan Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam Chidambaranathan Natarajan Marihrishnaa Krishnan Natarajan Parathesia Pillai Long Chiau Ming , Kai Bin Liew Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah Wen Han Chooi

Öz

Emesis, a multifaceted physiological response, presents significant challenges in clinical scenarios such as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Novel antiemetic interventions are imperative to enhance patient care and well-being. This study investigated the antiemetic potential of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) extract using a comprehensive approach involving phytochemical analysis and animal models of emesis. Using chick model of emesis, male chicks aged 4 days were assigned to groups receiving different treatments, including copper sulfate, clove extract and metoclopramide. The effectiveness of treatments were assessed by monitoring retching frequency and changes in feed intake. Similarly, albino Wistar rats were used modelling emesis in rat and were categorized into groups receiving cisplatin, clove extract and metoclopramide as a standard control. Emetic responses were evaluated through pica behaviour assessment. In the chick model, a single dose of the following drugs was administered, either orally (p.o) or intra-peritoneally (i.p) as following: Copper sulfate at 50mg/kg p.o., Clove extract at 50mg/kg p.o, and Metoclopramide at 100mg/kg i.p. For the rat animal model, a once-daily dosage of cisplatin at 3 mg/kg i.p, metoclopramide at 2.5 mg/kg i.p., and clove extract at 100 mg/kg p.o. for three consecutive days were administered. Phytochemical analysis unveiled the intricate composition of clove extract, with eugenol standing out as a prominent constituent (71.56%). In the chick model, clove extract reduced copper sulfate-induced retching, displaying an impressive 84.63% inhibition rate. Similarly, in the rat model, the extract significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced pica behavior, with a statistically significant reduction in retching instances (P < 0.05). Clove extract's multifaceted antiemetic effects, attributed to eugenol and other bioactive components, provide promising insights for managing emesis. The study's findings hold translational significance, suggesting clove extract's potential as a complementary antiemetic therapy alongside conventional treatments. The identification of eugenol as a key contributor warrants further investigation into molecular mechanisms, offering hope for effectively managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Clove extract antiemetic phytochemical analysis chick model rat model eugenol

Kaynakça

  • [1] Gilman AG, Goodman LS. The Pharmacol. Basis Ther. 10th ed. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2001. p. 1029.
  • [2] Gan TJ, Meyer T, Apfel CC, Chung F, Davis PJ, Eubanks S, Kovac A, Philip BK, Sessler DI, Temo J, Tramèr MR, Watcha M. Consensus guidelines for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2003; 97: 62-71. http://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000068580.00245.95
  • [3] Hall J, Driscoll P. Nausea, vomiting and fever. Emerg Med J. 2005; 22: 200-204. http://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2004.022483
  • [4] Flaxman SM, Sherman PW. Morning sickness: a mechanism for protecting mother and embryo. Q Rev Biol. 2000; 75: 113-148. http://doi.org/10.1086/393377
  • [5] Watcha MF, White PF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting its etiology, treatment, and prevention. Anesthesiology. 1992; 77: 162-184. http://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199207000-00023
  • [6] Goldman A, Hain R, Liben S. Gastrointestinal symptoms. In: Oxford Textbook Palliative Care Children. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006. p. 344-345.
  • [7] Griffin AM, Butow PN, Coates AS, Childs AM, Ellis PM, Dunn SM, Tattersall MHN. On the receiving end V: Patient perceptions of the side effects of cancer chemotherapy in 1993. Ann Oncol. 1996; 7: 189-195. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a010548
  • [8] Ullah I, Subhan F, Shahid M, Ahmad N, Shah R, Alam J, Ul Haq I, Ullah R, Ayaz M, Murthy HCA. Phytotherapeutic approach in the management of cisplatin-induced vomiting; Neurochemical considerations in pigeon vomit model. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022; 3914408, http://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3914408
  • [9] Tian L, Qian W, Qian Q, Zhang W, Cai X. Gingerol inhibits cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis in rats and minks by regulating the central and peripheral 5-HT, SP, and DA systems. J Nat Med. 2020; 74:353–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-019-01372-x
  • [10] Yamamoto K, Yamatodani A. Strain differences in the development of cisplatin-induced pica behavior in mice. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 91: 66-71. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2018.01.559
  • [11] Kanwal W, Syed AW, Salman A, Mohtasheem HM. Antiemetic and anti-inflammatory activity of fruit peel of Luffa cylindrical (L.) Roem. Asian J Nat Appl Sci. 2013; 2(2):75-80.
  • [12] Yamamoto K, Tatsutani S, Ishida T. Detection of nausea-like response in rats by monitoring facial expression. Front Pharmacol. 2017; 7: 236258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00534
  • [13] Cohen B, Dai M, Yakushin SB, Cho C. The neural basis of motion sickness. J Neurophysiol. 2019; 121(3):973-982. http://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00674.2018
  • [14] Vera G, Chiarlone A, Martin MI, Abalo R. Altered feeding behaviour induced by long-term cisplatin in rats. Auton Neurosci. 2006; 126-127:81-92. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2006.02.011
  • [15] Sharma SS, Gupta YK. Reversal of cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying in rats by ginger (Zingiber officinale). J Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 62(1):49-55. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00053-1.
  • [16] Sanger GJ, Andrews PL. Treatment of nausea and vomiting: Gaps in our knowledge. Auton Neurosci. 2006; 129:3–16.
  • [17] Hamad A, Mahardika MGP, Yuliani I, Hartanti D. Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Syzygium polyanthum and Syzygium aromaticum. Rasayan J Chem. 2017; 10(2): 564-569. http://doi.org/10.7324/RJC.2017.1021693
  • [18] Haro-González, JN., Castillo-Herrera GA, Martínez-Velázquez M, Espinosa-Andrews H. Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health. Molecules. 2021; 26(21): 6387. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216387
  • [19] Kim HM, Lee EH, Hong SH, Song HJ, Shin MK, Kim SH, Shin TY. Effect of Syzygium aromaticum extract on immediate hypersensitivity in rat. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 60:125-131.
  • [20] Kaur K, Sonia K. Phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Syzygium aromaticum: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2019; 8: 398-406.
  • [21] Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Stoilova I, Stoyanova A, Krastanov A, Schmidt E. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of clove leaf essential oil. J Agric Food Chem. 2006; 54:6303–6307.
  • [22] Hastuti LT, Saepudin E, Cahyana AH, Rahayu DUC, Murni VW, Haib J. The influence of sun drying process and prolonged storage on composition of essential oil from clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum). AIP Conf Proc. 2017; 1862:030092. http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991196
  • [23] Wood JD, Alpers DH, Andrews PLR. Fundamentals of neurogastroenterology. Gut 1999; 45(Suppl 2):ii6–ii16. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.45.2008.ii6
  • [24] Barmack NH. Central vestibular system: Vestibular nuclei and posterior cerebellum. Brain Res Bull. 2003; 60:511–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0361-9230(03)00055-8
  • [25] Gagliuso AH, Chapman EK, Martinelli GP, Holstein GR. Vestibular neurons with direct projections to the solitary nucleus in the rat. J Neurophysiol. 2019; 122:512–524. https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fjn.00082.2019
  • [26] Maimoona A, Iqbal F, Syed QUA, Ahmed S. Phytochemical analysis and anti-emetic activity of Illicium verum Hook. f. fruit by chick emesis model. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2016; 5(6):185-188.
  • [27] Battineni JK, Boggula N, Bakshi V. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Punica granatum leaves. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2017; 4(4):526-532.
  • [28] Yoo CB, Han KT, Cho KS, Ha J, Park HJ, Nam JH, Kil UH, Lee KT. Eugenol isolated from the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata induces a reactive oxygen-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cancer Lett. 2005; 225(1): 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.018
  • [29] Ogata M, Hoshi M, Urano S, Endo T. Antioxidant activity of eugenol and related monomeric and dimeric compounds. Chem Pharm Bull. 2000; 48(10):1467-1469. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.48.1467
  • [30] Khan A, Aziz AA, Sarwar HS, Hussain S, Munawar ZM. Evaluation of antiemetic potential of aqueous bark extract of Cinnamomum loureiroi. Can J App Sci 2014; 1(4): 26-32.
  • [31] Amelia B, Saepudin E, Cahyana AH, Rahayu DU, Sulistyoningrum AS, Haib J. GC‒MS analysis of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) bud essential oil from Java and Manado. AIP Conf Proc. 2017;1862 (1): 030082. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991186
  • [32] Ahmad N, Alam MK, Shehbaz A, Khan A, Mannan A, Hakim SR, Bisht D, Owais M. Antimicrobial activity of clove oil and its potential in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. J Drug Target. 2005; 13(10):555-561. http://doi.org/10.1080/10611860500422958
  • [33] Han X, Parker TL. Anti-inflammatory activity of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts. Pharm Biol. 2017; 55(1):1619-1622. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1314513
  • [34] Kim H-S, Kim H-G, Im H-J, Lee J-S, Lee S-B, Kim W-Y, Lee H-W, Lee S-K, Byun C-K, Son C-G. Antiemetic and myeloprotective effects of Rhus verniciflua stoke in a cisplatin-induced rat model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017: 9830342. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9830342.
  • [35] Shi J. Evaluating the various phases of cisplatin-induced emesis in rats. Oncol Lett. 2014; 8(5):2017-2022. http://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.2506
  • [36] Takeda N, Hasegawa S, Morita M, Horii A, Uno A, Yamatodani A, Matsunaga T. Neuropharmacological mechanisms of emesis effects of antiemetic drugs on cisplatin-induced pica in rats. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1995; 17(10):647-652.
  • [37] Bhandari P, Andrews PLR. Preliminary evidence for the involvement of the putative 5-HT4 receptor in zacopride- and copper sulfate-induced vomiting in the ferret. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991; 204(3):273–280.
  • [38] Fukui H, Yamamoto M, Sasaki S, Sato S. Possible involvement of peripheral 5-HT4 receptors in copper sulfate-induced vomiting in dogs. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994; 257(1-2):47–52.
  • [39] Akita Y, Yang Y, Kawai T, Kinoshita K, Koyama K, Takahashi K. New assay method for surveying antiemetic compounds from natural sources. Nat Prod Sci. 1998; 4(2):72-77.
  • [40] Yang Y, Kinoshita K, Koyama K, Takahashi K, Tai T, Nunoura Y, Watanabe K. Anti-emetic principles of Pogostemon cabin (Blanco) Benth. Phytomedicine. 1999; 6(2):89-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0944-7113(99)80041-5
  • [41] Eda M, Hayashi Y, Kinoshita K, Koyama K, Takahashi K, Akutu K. Anti-emetic principles of water extract of Brazilian Propolis. Pharm Biol. 2005; 43(2):184-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200590919546
  • [42] Mahmoud IN, Ahmed HG, Ahmed HE, Abdel RHF, Hui S, Enamul H, Tom JM. Chemical constituents of clove (Syzygium aromaticum, Fam. Myrtaceae) and their antioxidant activity. Rev Latinoam Quim. 2007; 35(3): 47-57.

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 1231 - 1243, 28.06.2025

Jegan Nallamadan Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam Chidambaranathan Natarajan Marihrishnaa Krishnan Natarajan Parathesia Pillai Long Chiau Ming , Kai Bin Liew Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah Wen Han Chooi

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Gilman AG, Goodman LS. The Pharmacol. Basis Ther. 10th ed. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2001. p. 1029.
  • [2] Gan TJ, Meyer T, Apfel CC, Chung F, Davis PJ, Eubanks S, Kovac A, Philip BK, Sessler DI, Temo J, Tramèr MR, Watcha M. Consensus guidelines for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2003; 97: 62-71. http://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000068580.00245.95
  • [3] Hall J, Driscoll P. Nausea, vomiting and fever. Emerg Med J. 2005; 22: 200-204. http://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2004.022483
  • [4] Flaxman SM, Sherman PW. Morning sickness: a mechanism for protecting mother and embryo. Q Rev Biol. 2000; 75: 113-148. http://doi.org/10.1086/393377
  • [5] Watcha MF, White PF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting its etiology, treatment, and prevention. Anesthesiology. 1992; 77: 162-184. http://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199207000-00023
  • [6] Goldman A, Hain R, Liben S. Gastrointestinal symptoms. In: Oxford Textbook Palliative Care Children. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006. p. 344-345.
  • [7] Griffin AM, Butow PN, Coates AS, Childs AM, Ellis PM, Dunn SM, Tattersall MHN. On the receiving end V: Patient perceptions of the side effects of cancer chemotherapy in 1993. Ann Oncol. 1996; 7: 189-195. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a010548
  • [8] Ullah I, Subhan F, Shahid M, Ahmad N, Shah R, Alam J, Ul Haq I, Ullah R, Ayaz M, Murthy HCA. Phytotherapeutic approach in the management of cisplatin-induced vomiting; Neurochemical considerations in pigeon vomit model. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022; 3914408, http://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3914408
  • [9] Tian L, Qian W, Qian Q, Zhang W, Cai X. Gingerol inhibits cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis in rats and minks by regulating the central and peripheral 5-HT, SP, and DA systems. J Nat Med. 2020; 74:353–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-019-01372-x
  • [10] Yamamoto K, Yamatodani A. Strain differences in the development of cisplatin-induced pica behavior in mice. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 91: 66-71. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2018.01.559
  • [11] Kanwal W, Syed AW, Salman A, Mohtasheem HM. Antiemetic and anti-inflammatory activity of fruit peel of Luffa cylindrical (L.) Roem. Asian J Nat Appl Sci. 2013; 2(2):75-80.
  • [12] Yamamoto K, Tatsutani S, Ishida T. Detection of nausea-like response in rats by monitoring facial expression. Front Pharmacol. 2017; 7: 236258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00534
  • [13] Cohen B, Dai M, Yakushin SB, Cho C. The neural basis of motion sickness. J Neurophysiol. 2019; 121(3):973-982. http://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00674.2018
  • [14] Vera G, Chiarlone A, Martin MI, Abalo R. Altered feeding behaviour induced by long-term cisplatin in rats. Auton Neurosci. 2006; 126-127:81-92. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2006.02.011
  • [15] Sharma SS, Gupta YK. Reversal of cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying in rats by ginger (Zingiber officinale). J Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 62(1):49-55. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00053-1.
  • [16] Sanger GJ, Andrews PL. Treatment of nausea and vomiting: Gaps in our knowledge. Auton Neurosci. 2006; 129:3–16.
  • [17] Hamad A, Mahardika MGP, Yuliani I, Hartanti D. Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Syzygium polyanthum and Syzygium aromaticum. Rasayan J Chem. 2017; 10(2): 564-569. http://doi.org/10.7324/RJC.2017.1021693
  • [18] Haro-González, JN., Castillo-Herrera GA, Martínez-Velázquez M, Espinosa-Andrews H. Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health. Molecules. 2021; 26(21): 6387. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216387
  • [19] Kim HM, Lee EH, Hong SH, Song HJ, Shin MK, Kim SH, Shin TY. Effect of Syzygium aromaticum extract on immediate hypersensitivity in rat. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 60:125-131.
  • [20] Kaur K, Sonia K. Phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Syzygium aromaticum: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2019; 8: 398-406.
  • [21] Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Stoilova I, Stoyanova A, Krastanov A, Schmidt E. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of clove leaf essential oil. J Agric Food Chem. 2006; 54:6303–6307.
  • [22] Hastuti LT, Saepudin E, Cahyana AH, Rahayu DUC, Murni VW, Haib J. The influence of sun drying process and prolonged storage on composition of essential oil from clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum). AIP Conf Proc. 2017; 1862:030092. http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991196
  • [23] Wood JD, Alpers DH, Andrews PLR. Fundamentals of neurogastroenterology. Gut 1999; 45(Suppl 2):ii6–ii16. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.45.2008.ii6
  • [24] Barmack NH. Central vestibular system: Vestibular nuclei and posterior cerebellum. Brain Res Bull. 2003; 60:511–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0361-9230(03)00055-8
  • [25] Gagliuso AH, Chapman EK, Martinelli GP, Holstein GR. Vestibular neurons with direct projections to the solitary nucleus in the rat. J Neurophysiol. 2019; 122:512–524. https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fjn.00082.2019
  • [26] Maimoona A, Iqbal F, Syed QUA, Ahmed S. Phytochemical analysis and anti-emetic activity of Illicium verum Hook. f. fruit by chick emesis model. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2016; 5(6):185-188.
  • [27] Battineni JK, Boggula N, Bakshi V. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Punica granatum leaves. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2017; 4(4):526-532.
  • [28] Yoo CB, Han KT, Cho KS, Ha J, Park HJ, Nam JH, Kil UH, Lee KT. Eugenol isolated from the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata induces a reactive oxygen-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cancer Lett. 2005; 225(1): 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.018
  • [29] Ogata M, Hoshi M, Urano S, Endo T. Antioxidant activity of eugenol and related monomeric and dimeric compounds. Chem Pharm Bull. 2000; 48(10):1467-1469. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.48.1467
  • [30] Khan A, Aziz AA, Sarwar HS, Hussain S, Munawar ZM. Evaluation of antiemetic potential of aqueous bark extract of Cinnamomum loureiroi. Can J App Sci 2014; 1(4): 26-32.
  • [31] Amelia B, Saepudin E, Cahyana AH, Rahayu DU, Sulistyoningrum AS, Haib J. GC‒MS analysis of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) bud essential oil from Java and Manado. AIP Conf Proc. 2017;1862 (1): 030082. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991186
  • [32] Ahmad N, Alam MK, Shehbaz A, Khan A, Mannan A, Hakim SR, Bisht D, Owais M. Antimicrobial activity of clove oil and its potential in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. J Drug Target. 2005; 13(10):555-561. http://doi.org/10.1080/10611860500422958
  • [33] Han X, Parker TL. Anti-inflammatory activity of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts. Pharm Biol. 2017; 55(1):1619-1622. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1314513
  • [34] Kim H-S, Kim H-G, Im H-J, Lee J-S, Lee S-B, Kim W-Y, Lee H-W, Lee S-K, Byun C-K, Son C-G. Antiemetic and myeloprotective effects of Rhus verniciflua stoke in a cisplatin-induced rat model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017: 9830342. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9830342.
  • [35] Shi J. Evaluating the various phases of cisplatin-induced emesis in rats. Oncol Lett. 2014; 8(5):2017-2022. http://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.2506
  • [36] Takeda N, Hasegawa S, Morita M, Horii A, Uno A, Yamatodani A, Matsunaga T. Neuropharmacological mechanisms of emesis effects of antiemetic drugs on cisplatin-induced pica in rats. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1995; 17(10):647-652.
  • [37] Bhandari P, Andrews PLR. Preliminary evidence for the involvement of the putative 5-HT4 receptor in zacopride- and copper sulfate-induced vomiting in the ferret. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991; 204(3):273–280.
  • [38] Fukui H, Yamamoto M, Sasaki S, Sato S. Possible involvement of peripheral 5-HT4 receptors in copper sulfate-induced vomiting in dogs. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994; 257(1-2):47–52.
  • [39] Akita Y, Yang Y, Kawai T, Kinoshita K, Koyama K, Takahashi K. New assay method for surveying antiemetic compounds from natural sources. Nat Prod Sci. 1998; 4(2):72-77.
  • [40] Yang Y, Kinoshita K, Koyama K, Takahashi K, Tai T, Nunoura Y, Watanabe K. Anti-emetic principles of Pogostemon cabin (Blanco) Benth. Phytomedicine. 1999; 6(2):89-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0944-7113(99)80041-5
  • [41] Eda M, Hayashi Y, Kinoshita K, Koyama K, Takahashi K, Akutu K. Anti-emetic principles of water extract of Brazilian Propolis. Pharm Biol. 2005; 43(2):184-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200590919546
  • [42] Mahmoud IN, Ahmed HG, Ahmed HE, Abdel RHF, Hui S, Enamul H, Tom JM. Chemical constituents of clove (Syzygium aromaticum, Fam. Myrtaceae) and their antioxidant activity. Rev Latinoam Quim. 2007; 35(3): 47-57.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Jegan Nallamadan 0000-0002-7420-0123

Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam 0000-0002-6422-8798

Chidambaranathan Natarajan 0000-0003-2491-4651

Marihrishnaa Krishnan 0009-0008-8642-9356

Natarajan Parathesia Pillai 0000-0002-4450-7220

Long Chiau Ming 0000-0002-6971-1383

Kai Bin Liew 0000-0002-3643-3882

Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah 0000-0001-9393-6032

Wen Han Chooi 0000-0003-0937-4351

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Nallamadan, J., Kalusalingam, A., Natarajan, C., Krishnan, M., vd. (2025). Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 28(4), 1231-1243.
AMA Nallamadan J, Kalusalingam A, Natarajan C, Krishnan M, Pillai NP, Ming LC, Liew KB, Abdullah ADI, Chooi WH. Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis. J. Res. Pharm. Temmuz 2025;28(4):1231-1243.
Chicago Nallamadan, Jegan, Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam, Chidambaranathan Natarajan, Marihrishnaa Krishnan, Natarajan Parathesia Pillai, Long Chiau Ming, Kai Bin Liew, Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah, ve Wen Han Chooi. “Evaluation of Anti-Emetic Activity of Syzygium Aromaticum Extracts in Chick and Rat Models of Emesis”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28, sy. 4 (Temmuz 2025): 1231-43.
EndNote Nallamadan J, Kalusalingam A, Natarajan C, Krishnan M, Pillai NP, Ming LC, Liew KB, Abdullah ADI, Chooi WH (01 Temmuz 2025) Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28 4 1231–1243.
IEEE J. Nallamadan, A. Kalusalingam, C. Natarajan, M. Krishnan, N. P. Pillai, L. C. Ming, K. B. Liew, A. D. I. Abdullah, ve W. H. Chooi, “Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 28, sy. 4, ss. 1231–1243, 2025.
ISNAD Nallamadan, Jegan vd. “Evaluation of Anti-Emetic Activity of Syzygium Aromaticum Extracts in Chick and Rat Models of Emesis”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28/4 (Temmuz 2025), 1231-1243.
JAMA Nallamadan J, Kalusalingam A, Natarajan C, Krishnan M, Pillai NP, Ming LC, Liew KB, Abdullah ADI, Chooi WH. Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28:1231–1243.
MLA Nallamadan, Jegan vd. “Evaluation of Anti-Emetic Activity of Syzygium Aromaticum Extracts in Chick and Rat Models of Emesis”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 28, sy. 4, 2025, ss. 1231-43.
Vancouver Nallamadan J, Kalusalingam A, Natarajan C, Krishnan M, Pillai NP, Ming LC, Liew KB, Abdullah ADI, Chooi WH. Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28(4):1231-43.