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DNA intercalators alkaloids as Potential candidates to fight COVID-19 disease: Systematic review

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 5, 1102 - 1111, 28.06.2025

Houria Bechlem Feryal Benayache Djamila Benouchenne , Amira Labed

Öz

The main objective of the current systematic review was to report the antiviral and anti-inflammatory
effects of bioactive molecules class known as alkaloids against SARS-COV-2 disease. These bioactive compounds were
characterized by their potential replication inhibitory ability by DNA intercalating effect, and might be powerful agents
against infections caused by several viruses, therefore it can be a viable strategy for COVID-19 management.
PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and SpringerLink, databases have been chosen to look for keywords like DNA
intercalators, alkaloids, antiviral activity, anti-inflammatory effect, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Two reviewers have
evaluated the quality of 60 articles extracted from the four databases till 15th of May 2021, using inclusions and
exclusions criteria, 25 papers were accepted and treated in this systematic review, performed based on PRISMA
protocol. Results disclosed that alkaloids have key roles in viral replication inhibition, quinine and emetine showed a
noticeable therapeutic effect against SARS-COV-2 virus, however emetine revealed modifications in the
electrocardiogram (ECG), unlike sanguinarine and berberine that showed low human toxicity. Tetrandrine,
fangchinoline and cepharantine could be classified as remedies in case of Coronavirus ailment. Chelidonine, coptisine,
skimmianine, protropine, palmatine, cinchonine, harmine and dictamine represented important agents for clinical
researches or as precursors for antiviral drug’s formulation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

SARS-CoV-2 DNA intercalators Alkaloids Coronavirus Antiviral activity

Kaynakça

  • [1] Afrough B, Dowall S, Hewson R. Emerging Viruses and Current Strategies for Vaccine Intervention. Clin Exp Immunol. 2019; 196(2): 157-166. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Ianevski A, Zusinaite E, Kuivanen S, Strand M, Lysvand H, Teppor M, Kakkola L, Paavilainen H, Laajala M, Hannimari KK , Valkonen M, Kantele A, Telling K, Lutsar I, Letjuka P, Metelitsa N, Oksenych V, Bjørås M, Nordbø SA, Dumpis U, Vitkauskiene A, Öhrmalm C, Bondeson K, Bergqvist, Aittokallio T, Cox RJ, Evander M, Hukkanen V, Marjomaki V, Julkunen I, Vapalahti O, Tenson T, Merits A, Kainov D. Novel Activities of Safe-in-Human Broad- Spectrum Antiviral Agents. Antiviral Res. 2018; 154: 174-182. [CrossRef]
  • [3] World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report-67. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200327-sitrep67-covid19.pdf?sfvr sn=b65f68eb_4. (accessed on 27 March, 2020)
  • [4] Sahin AR, Erdogan A, Agaoglu PM, Dineri Y, Cakirci AY, Senel ME, Okyay RA, Tasdogan AM. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature. Eurasian J Med and Oncol. 2020; 4(1): 1–7. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Umakanthan S, Sahu P, Ranade AV, Bukelo MM, Rao JS, Abrahao-Machado LF, Dahal S, Kumar H, Dhananjaya KV. Origin, Transmission, Diagnosis and Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Postgrad Med J. 2020; 96(1142): 753-758. [CrossRef]
  • [6] WHO. WHO Publishes List of Top Emerging Diseases Likely to Cause Major Epidemics. Available online: www.who.int/medicines/ebola-treatment/WHO-list-of-top-emerging-diseases/en/ (accessed on 12 June 2020).
  • [7] Howard CR, Fletcher NF. Emerging Virus Diseases: Can We Ever Expect the Unexpected? Emerg Microbes Infect. 2012; 1(12): 1-11. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Rodríguez Y, Novelli L, Rojas M, De Santis M, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Monsalve DM, Ramírez-Santana C, Costanzo A, Ridgway WM, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Anaya JM. Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Conditions at the Crossroad of COVID-19. J. Autoimmun. 2020; 114: 102506. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Russo M, Stefania M, Carmela S, Idolo T, Russo GL. Roles of Flavonoids against Coronavirus Infection. Chem Biol Interact. 2020; 1; 328:109211. [CrossRef]
  • [10] McMahon JB, Currens MJ, Gulakowski RJ, Buckheit RW, Lackman-Smith C, Hallock YF, Boyd MR. Michellamine B, a Novel Plant Alkaloid, Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Cell Killing by at Least Two Distinct Mechanisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995; 39(2): 484-488. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Qiu S, Hui S, Ai-Hua Z, Hong-Ying X, Guang-Li Y, Ying H, Xi-Jun W. Natural Alkaloids: Basic Aspects, Biological Roles, and Future Perspectives. Chin J Nat Med. 2014; 12(6): 401-406. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Cushnie TPT, Cushnie B, Lamb AJ. Alkaloids: An Overview of Their Antibacterial, Antibiotic-Enhancing and Antivirulence Activities. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014; 44(5): 377-386. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Russo P, Frustaci A, Del Bufalo A, Fini M, Cesario A. Multitarget drugs of plants origin acting on Alzheimer's disease. Curr Med Chem. 2013; 20(13): 1686–1693. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Ianevski A, Rouan Y, Fenstad MH, Svetlana B, Zusinaite E, Reisberg T, Lysvand H, Løseth K, Landsem VM, Malmring JF, Oksenych V, Erlandsen SE, Per AA, Hagen L, Pettersen CH, Tenson T, Jan Egil A, Svein AN, Magnar B, Denis EK. Potential Antiviral Options against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses. 2020; 12(6): 642. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Mukherjee A, Wilbee DS. Drug–DNA Intercalation. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2013; 92: 1-62. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Das A, Deepti P, Gaurav KJ, Pallavi A, Ajmer Singh G, Roop KK, Viney L. Role of Phytoconstituents in the Management of COVID-19. Chem Biol Interact. 2021; 25: 341:109449. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Khalifa SAM, NermeenY, El-Mallah MF, Ghonaim R, Guo Z, Musharraf SG, Du M, Khatib A, Xiao J, Saeed A, El- Seedi HHR, Chao Zhao, Thomas Efferth, Hesham R. El-Seedi. Screening for Natural and Derived Bio-Active Compounds in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: One of the Frontlines of Fighting the Coronaviruses Pandemic. Phytomedicine. 2021; 85: 153311. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Liberati A, Douglas GA, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, Devereaux MC, Kleijnen J, Moher D. The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009; 62(10): 1-34. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Martínez-Delgado AA, de Anda J, León-Morales JM, Mateos-Díaz JC, Gutiérrez-Mora A, Castañeda-Nava JJ. Argemone Species: Potential Source of Biofuel and High-Value Biological Active Compounds. Environ. Eng. Res. 2021; 27(2): 200619. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Yilmaz Aydin D, Guru M, Guru S. Effect of Alkaloids on SARS-CoV-2. NATURENGS, MTU Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences. 2020; 10-18. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Jahan I, Onay A. Potentials of Plant-Based Substance to Inhabit and Probable Cure for the COVID-19. Turk J Biol. 2020; 44(3): 228-241. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Majnooni MB, Sajad F, Shokoohinia Y, Kiyani N, Stage K, Mohammadi P, Gravandi Mohammad M, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Interventions Against Coronavirus-Associated Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11: 588467. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Wink M. Potential of DNA Intercalating Alkaloids and Other Plant Secondary Metabolites against SARS-CoV-2 Causing COVID-19. Diversity. 2020; 12(5): 175. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Bleasel M, Gregory P. Emetine, Ipecac, Ipecac Alkaloids and Analogues as Potential Antiviral Agents for Coronaviruses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020; 13(3): 51. [CrossRef]
  • [25] Galanakis C.M, Aldawoud TMS, Rizou M, Rowan NJ, Ibrahim SA. Food Ingredients and Active Compounds against the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review. Foods. 2020; 9(11): 1701. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Pizzorno A, Blandine P, Julia D, Thomas J, Aurélien T, Victoria D, Pauline B, Bruno L, Manuel RC, Olivier T. In Vitro Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Single and Combined Repurposable Drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral Res. 2020; 181: 104878. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Katare AK, Bikarma S, Pooja S, Sandeep G, Bishander S, Kavya Y, Kulshrestha N, Bhanwaria R, Sharma AK, Sharma S, Sneha, Mindala DP, Roy S, Kalgotra R. Rapid Determination and Optimisation of Berberine from Himalayan Berberis lycium by Soxhlet Apparatus Using CCD-RSM and Its Quality Control as a Potential Candidate for COVID- 19. Nat Prod Res. 2022; 36(3): 868-873. [CrossRef]
  • [28] Bagheri A, Moezzi SMI, Mosaddeghi P, Parashkouhi SN, Hoseini SMF, Badakhshan F, Negahdaripour M. Interferon- Inducer Antivirals: Potential Candidates to Combat COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021; 91: 107245. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Warowicka A, Robert N, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Antiviral Activity of Berberine. Arch Virol. 2020; 165(9): 1935-1945. [CrossRef]
  • [30] Palit P, Debprasad C, Sabu T, Amit K, Kim HS, Rezaei N. Phytopharmaceuticals Mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 Receptor Blocking: Can It Be a Potential Therapeutic Option for Covid-19? Phytomedicine. 2021; 85: 153396. [CrossRef]
  • [31] Patel P. A Bird’s Eye View on a Therapeutically ‘Wonder Molecule’: Berberine. Phytomedicine Plus. 2021; 1(3): 100070. [CrossRef]
  • [32] Wang D, Jiansheng H, Yeung AWK, Tzvetkov NT, Horbańczuk JO, Willschke H, Gai Z, Atanasov AG. The Significance of Natural Product Derivatives and Traditional Medicine for COVID-19. Processes. 2020; 8(8): 937. [CrossRef]
  • [33] Bolarin JA, Oluwatoyosi MA, Orege JI, Ayeni EA, Ibrahim YA, Adeyemi SB, Tiamiyu BB, Gbadegesin LA, Akinyemi TO, Odoh CK, Umeobi HI, Adeoye AB. Therapeutic Drugs for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment: Current State and Perspective. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021; 90: 107228. [CrossRef]
  • [34] Choy KT, Wong AYL, Prathanporn K, Sin FS, Dongdong C, Kenrie PYH, Chu DKW, Chan MCW, Cheung PPH, Huang X, Peiris M, Yen HL. Remdesivir, Lopinavir, Emetine, and HomoharringtonineInhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vitro. Antiviral Res. 2020; 178: 104786. [CrossRef]
  • [35] Tarighi P, Samane E, Milad C, Sabernavaei M, Jafari D, Mirzabeigi P. A Review of Potential Suggested Drugs for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Treatment. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021; 15(895): 173890. [CrossRef]
  • [36] Bleasel MD. Peterson GM. Emetine Is Not Ipecac: Considerations for Its Use as Treatment for SARS-CoV2. Pharmaceuticals. 2020; 13: 428. [CrossRef]
  • [37] Rosales López MC, Rodrigo MA, Abdelnour-Esquivel A. Emetine and Cephaeline Content in Plants of Psychotria Ipecacuanha in Costa Rica. Rev Colomb Quim. 2020; 49(2): 18-22. [CrossRef]
  • [38] Kumar R, Mohammad A, Khandelwal Ni, YogeshChander, ThachamvallyRiyesh, Ramesh Kumar Dedar, Baldev R. Gulati, Yash Pal, Sanjay B, Tripathi BN, Tanweer H, Kumar N. Emetine Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Replication by Inhibiting Interaction of Viral MRNA with EIF4E. Antiviral Res. 2021; 189: 105056. [CrossRef]
  • [39] Shen L, Junwei N, Wang C, Huang B, Wang W, Zhu N, Deng Y, Wang H, Ye F, Cen S, Tan W. High-Throughput Screening and Identification of Potent Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Coronaviruses. J Virol. 2019; 29: 93(12). [CrossRef]
  • [40] Goyal M, Nisha T, Hemlata V, Reena J, Sudershan K. Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19); Global Efforts and Effective Investigational Medicines: A Review. J Infect Public Health. 2021; 14(7): 910-921. [CrossRef]
  • [41] Killick R, Clive B, Patrick D, Gareth W. Transcription-Based Drug Repurposing for COVID-19. Virus Res. 2020; 290: 198176. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Bakhshandeh B, Shokufeh GS, Javanmard AR, Mottaghi SS, Mehrabi M, Sorouri F, Abbasi A, Jahanafrooz Z. Variants in ACE2; Potential Influences on Virus Infection and COVID-19 Severity. Infect Genet Evol. 2021; 90: 104773. [CrossRef]
  • [43] Yang Y, Xiao Z, Kaiyan Y, He X, Bo S, Zhiran Q, Jianghai Y, Yao J, Wu Q, Bao Z, Zhao W. SARS-CoV-2: Characteristics and Current Advances in Research.Virol J. 2020; 17(1): 117. [CrossRef]
  • [44] Matada BS, Pattanashettar R, Nagesh GY. A Comprehensive Review on the Biological Interest of Quinoline and Its Derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem. 2021; 15(32): 115973. [CrossRef]
  • [45] Gu I, Wei Z. Dose-Dependent Effect of Berberine on SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induced Inflammatory Host Cell Response. Int J Med Health Res. 2021; 05(01): 169-181. [CrossRef]
  • [46] McCarty MF, Assanga SBI, Luján LL, O’Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. Nutraceutical Strategies for Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: Pertinence to the Management of COVID-19 and beyond. Nutrients. 2021; 13: 47.
  • [47] Thawabteh A, Juma S, Bader M, Karaman D, ScranoL, Bufo SA., Karaman R. The Biological Activity of Natural Alkaloids against Herbivores, Cancerous Cells and Pathogens. Toxins. 2019; 11: 656. [CrossRef]

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 5, 1102 - 1111, 28.06.2025

Houria Bechlem Feryal Benayache Djamila Benouchenne , Amira Labed

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Afrough B, Dowall S, Hewson R. Emerging Viruses and Current Strategies for Vaccine Intervention. Clin Exp Immunol. 2019; 196(2): 157-166. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Ianevski A, Zusinaite E, Kuivanen S, Strand M, Lysvand H, Teppor M, Kakkola L, Paavilainen H, Laajala M, Hannimari KK , Valkonen M, Kantele A, Telling K, Lutsar I, Letjuka P, Metelitsa N, Oksenych V, Bjørås M, Nordbø SA, Dumpis U, Vitkauskiene A, Öhrmalm C, Bondeson K, Bergqvist, Aittokallio T, Cox RJ, Evander M, Hukkanen V, Marjomaki V, Julkunen I, Vapalahti O, Tenson T, Merits A, Kainov D. Novel Activities of Safe-in-Human Broad- Spectrum Antiviral Agents. Antiviral Res. 2018; 154: 174-182. [CrossRef]
  • [3] World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report-67. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200327-sitrep67-covid19.pdf?sfvr sn=b65f68eb_4. (accessed on 27 March, 2020)
  • [4] Sahin AR, Erdogan A, Agaoglu PM, Dineri Y, Cakirci AY, Senel ME, Okyay RA, Tasdogan AM. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature. Eurasian J Med and Oncol. 2020; 4(1): 1–7. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Umakanthan S, Sahu P, Ranade AV, Bukelo MM, Rao JS, Abrahao-Machado LF, Dahal S, Kumar H, Dhananjaya KV. Origin, Transmission, Diagnosis and Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Postgrad Med J. 2020; 96(1142): 753-758. [CrossRef]
  • [6] WHO. WHO Publishes List of Top Emerging Diseases Likely to Cause Major Epidemics. Available online: www.who.int/medicines/ebola-treatment/WHO-list-of-top-emerging-diseases/en/ (accessed on 12 June 2020).
  • [7] Howard CR, Fletcher NF. Emerging Virus Diseases: Can We Ever Expect the Unexpected? Emerg Microbes Infect. 2012; 1(12): 1-11. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Rodríguez Y, Novelli L, Rojas M, De Santis M, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Monsalve DM, Ramírez-Santana C, Costanzo A, Ridgway WM, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Anaya JM. Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Conditions at the Crossroad of COVID-19. J. Autoimmun. 2020; 114: 102506. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Russo M, Stefania M, Carmela S, Idolo T, Russo GL. Roles of Flavonoids against Coronavirus Infection. Chem Biol Interact. 2020; 1; 328:109211. [CrossRef]
  • [10] McMahon JB, Currens MJ, Gulakowski RJ, Buckheit RW, Lackman-Smith C, Hallock YF, Boyd MR. Michellamine B, a Novel Plant Alkaloid, Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Cell Killing by at Least Two Distinct Mechanisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995; 39(2): 484-488. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Qiu S, Hui S, Ai-Hua Z, Hong-Ying X, Guang-Li Y, Ying H, Xi-Jun W. Natural Alkaloids: Basic Aspects, Biological Roles, and Future Perspectives. Chin J Nat Med. 2014; 12(6): 401-406. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Cushnie TPT, Cushnie B, Lamb AJ. Alkaloids: An Overview of Their Antibacterial, Antibiotic-Enhancing and Antivirulence Activities. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014; 44(5): 377-386. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Russo P, Frustaci A, Del Bufalo A, Fini M, Cesario A. Multitarget drugs of plants origin acting on Alzheimer's disease. Curr Med Chem. 2013; 20(13): 1686–1693. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Ianevski A, Rouan Y, Fenstad MH, Svetlana B, Zusinaite E, Reisberg T, Lysvand H, Løseth K, Landsem VM, Malmring JF, Oksenych V, Erlandsen SE, Per AA, Hagen L, Pettersen CH, Tenson T, Jan Egil A, Svein AN, Magnar B, Denis EK. Potential Antiviral Options against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses. 2020; 12(6): 642. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Mukherjee A, Wilbee DS. Drug–DNA Intercalation. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2013; 92: 1-62. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Das A, Deepti P, Gaurav KJ, Pallavi A, Ajmer Singh G, Roop KK, Viney L. Role of Phytoconstituents in the Management of COVID-19. Chem Biol Interact. 2021; 25: 341:109449. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Khalifa SAM, NermeenY, El-Mallah MF, Ghonaim R, Guo Z, Musharraf SG, Du M, Khatib A, Xiao J, Saeed A, El- Seedi HHR, Chao Zhao, Thomas Efferth, Hesham R. El-Seedi. Screening for Natural and Derived Bio-Active Compounds in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: One of the Frontlines of Fighting the Coronaviruses Pandemic. Phytomedicine. 2021; 85: 153311. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Liberati A, Douglas GA, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, Devereaux MC, Kleijnen J, Moher D. The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009; 62(10): 1-34. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Martínez-Delgado AA, de Anda J, León-Morales JM, Mateos-Díaz JC, Gutiérrez-Mora A, Castañeda-Nava JJ. Argemone Species: Potential Source of Biofuel and High-Value Biological Active Compounds. Environ. Eng. Res. 2021; 27(2): 200619. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Yilmaz Aydin D, Guru M, Guru S. Effect of Alkaloids on SARS-CoV-2. NATURENGS, MTU Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences. 2020; 10-18. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Jahan I, Onay A. Potentials of Plant-Based Substance to Inhabit and Probable Cure for the COVID-19. Turk J Biol. 2020; 44(3): 228-241. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Majnooni MB, Sajad F, Shokoohinia Y, Kiyani N, Stage K, Mohammadi P, Gravandi Mohammad M, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Interventions Against Coronavirus-Associated Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11: 588467. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Wink M. Potential of DNA Intercalating Alkaloids and Other Plant Secondary Metabolites against SARS-CoV-2 Causing COVID-19. Diversity. 2020; 12(5): 175. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Bleasel M, Gregory P. Emetine, Ipecac, Ipecac Alkaloids and Analogues as Potential Antiviral Agents for Coronaviruses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020; 13(3): 51. [CrossRef]
  • [25] Galanakis C.M, Aldawoud TMS, Rizou M, Rowan NJ, Ibrahim SA. Food Ingredients and Active Compounds against the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review. Foods. 2020; 9(11): 1701. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Pizzorno A, Blandine P, Julia D, Thomas J, Aurélien T, Victoria D, Pauline B, Bruno L, Manuel RC, Olivier T. In Vitro Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Single and Combined Repurposable Drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral Res. 2020; 181: 104878. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Katare AK, Bikarma S, Pooja S, Sandeep G, Bishander S, Kavya Y, Kulshrestha N, Bhanwaria R, Sharma AK, Sharma S, Sneha, Mindala DP, Roy S, Kalgotra R. Rapid Determination and Optimisation of Berberine from Himalayan Berberis lycium by Soxhlet Apparatus Using CCD-RSM and Its Quality Control as a Potential Candidate for COVID- 19. Nat Prod Res. 2022; 36(3): 868-873. [CrossRef]
  • [28] Bagheri A, Moezzi SMI, Mosaddeghi P, Parashkouhi SN, Hoseini SMF, Badakhshan F, Negahdaripour M. Interferon- Inducer Antivirals: Potential Candidates to Combat COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021; 91: 107245. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Warowicka A, Robert N, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Antiviral Activity of Berberine. Arch Virol. 2020; 165(9): 1935-1945. [CrossRef]
  • [30] Palit P, Debprasad C, Sabu T, Amit K, Kim HS, Rezaei N. Phytopharmaceuticals Mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 Receptor Blocking: Can It Be a Potential Therapeutic Option for Covid-19? Phytomedicine. 2021; 85: 153396. [CrossRef]
  • [31] Patel P. A Bird’s Eye View on a Therapeutically ‘Wonder Molecule’: Berberine. Phytomedicine Plus. 2021; 1(3): 100070. [CrossRef]
  • [32] Wang D, Jiansheng H, Yeung AWK, Tzvetkov NT, Horbańczuk JO, Willschke H, Gai Z, Atanasov AG. The Significance of Natural Product Derivatives and Traditional Medicine for COVID-19. Processes. 2020; 8(8): 937. [CrossRef]
  • [33] Bolarin JA, Oluwatoyosi MA, Orege JI, Ayeni EA, Ibrahim YA, Adeyemi SB, Tiamiyu BB, Gbadegesin LA, Akinyemi TO, Odoh CK, Umeobi HI, Adeoye AB. Therapeutic Drugs for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment: Current State and Perspective. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021; 90: 107228. [CrossRef]
  • [34] Choy KT, Wong AYL, Prathanporn K, Sin FS, Dongdong C, Kenrie PYH, Chu DKW, Chan MCW, Cheung PPH, Huang X, Peiris M, Yen HL. Remdesivir, Lopinavir, Emetine, and HomoharringtonineInhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vitro. Antiviral Res. 2020; 178: 104786. [CrossRef]
  • [35] Tarighi P, Samane E, Milad C, Sabernavaei M, Jafari D, Mirzabeigi P. A Review of Potential Suggested Drugs for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Treatment. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021; 15(895): 173890. [CrossRef]
  • [36] Bleasel MD. Peterson GM. Emetine Is Not Ipecac: Considerations for Its Use as Treatment for SARS-CoV2. Pharmaceuticals. 2020; 13: 428. [CrossRef]
  • [37] Rosales López MC, Rodrigo MA, Abdelnour-Esquivel A. Emetine and Cephaeline Content in Plants of Psychotria Ipecacuanha in Costa Rica. Rev Colomb Quim. 2020; 49(2): 18-22. [CrossRef]
  • [38] Kumar R, Mohammad A, Khandelwal Ni, YogeshChander, ThachamvallyRiyesh, Ramesh Kumar Dedar, Baldev R. Gulati, Yash Pal, Sanjay B, Tripathi BN, Tanweer H, Kumar N. Emetine Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Replication by Inhibiting Interaction of Viral MRNA with EIF4E. Antiviral Res. 2021; 189: 105056. [CrossRef]
  • [39] Shen L, Junwei N, Wang C, Huang B, Wang W, Zhu N, Deng Y, Wang H, Ye F, Cen S, Tan W. High-Throughput Screening and Identification of Potent Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Coronaviruses. J Virol. 2019; 29: 93(12). [CrossRef]
  • [40] Goyal M, Nisha T, Hemlata V, Reena J, Sudershan K. Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19); Global Efforts and Effective Investigational Medicines: A Review. J Infect Public Health. 2021; 14(7): 910-921. [CrossRef]
  • [41] Killick R, Clive B, Patrick D, Gareth W. Transcription-Based Drug Repurposing for COVID-19. Virus Res. 2020; 290: 198176. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Bakhshandeh B, Shokufeh GS, Javanmard AR, Mottaghi SS, Mehrabi M, Sorouri F, Abbasi A, Jahanafrooz Z. Variants in ACE2; Potential Influences on Virus Infection and COVID-19 Severity. Infect Genet Evol. 2021; 90: 104773. [CrossRef]
  • [43] Yang Y, Xiao Z, Kaiyan Y, He X, Bo S, Zhiran Q, Jianghai Y, Yao J, Wu Q, Bao Z, Zhao W. SARS-CoV-2: Characteristics and Current Advances in Research.Virol J. 2020; 17(1): 117. [CrossRef]
  • [44] Matada BS, Pattanashettar R, Nagesh GY. A Comprehensive Review on the Biological Interest of Quinoline and Its Derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem. 2021; 15(32): 115973. [CrossRef]
  • [45] Gu I, Wei Z. Dose-Dependent Effect of Berberine on SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induced Inflammatory Host Cell Response. Int J Med Health Res. 2021; 05(01): 169-181. [CrossRef]
  • [46] McCarty MF, Assanga SBI, Luján LL, O’Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. Nutraceutical Strategies for Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: Pertinence to the Management of COVID-19 and beyond. Nutrients. 2021; 13: 47.
  • [47] Thawabteh A, Juma S, Bader M, Karaman D, ScranoL, Bufo SA., Karaman R. The Biological Activity of Natural Alkaloids against Herbivores, Cancerous Cells and Pathogens. Toxins. 2019; 11: 656. [CrossRef]
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık Bilimleri
Bölüm Reviews
Yazarlar

Houria Bechlem 0000-0001-6681-6377

Feryal Benayache 0000-0002-0143-6901

Djamila Benouchenne 0000-0002-9432-2742

Amira Labed 0000-0002-6542-4993

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Bechlem, H., Benayache, F., Benouchenne, D., Labed, A. (2025). DNA intercalators alkaloids as Potential candidates to fight COVID-19 disease: Systematic review. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 26(5), 1102-1111.
AMA Bechlem H, Benayache F, Benouchenne D, Labed A. DNA intercalators alkaloids as Potential candidates to fight COVID-19 disease: Systematic review. J. Res. Pharm. Haziran 2025;26(5):1102-1111.
Chicago Bechlem, Houria, Feryal Benayache, Djamila Benouchenne, ve Amira Labed. “DNA Intercalators Alkaloids As Potential Candidates to Fight COVID-19 Disease: Systematic Review”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26, sy. 5 (Haziran 2025): 1102-11.
EndNote Bechlem H, Benayache F, Benouchenne D, Labed A (01 Haziran 2025) DNA intercalators alkaloids as Potential candidates to fight COVID-19 disease: Systematic review. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26 5 1102–1111.
IEEE H. Bechlem, F. Benayache, D. Benouchenne, ve A. Labed, “DNA intercalators alkaloids as Potential candidates to fight COVID-19 disease: Systematic review”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 26, sy. 5, ss. 1102–1111, 2025.
ISNAD Bechlem, Houria vd. “DNA Intercalators Alkaloids As Potential Candidates to Fight COVID-19 Disease: Systematic Review”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26/5 (Haziran 2025), 1102-1111.
JAMA Bechlem H, Benayache F, Benouchenne D, Labed A. DNA intercalators alkaloids as Potential candidates to fight COVID-19 disease: Systematic review. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;26:1102–1111.
MLA Bechlem, Houria vd. “DNA Intercalators Alkaloids As Potential Candidates to Fight COVID-19 Disease: Systematic Review”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 26, sy. 5, 2025, ss. 1102-11.
Vancouver Bechlem H, Benayache F, Benouchenne D, Labed A. DNA intercalators alkaloids as Potential candidates to fight COVID-19 disease: Systematic review. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;26(5):1102-11.