Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 6, 1825 - 1841, 28.06.2025

Mohammad Rashid Iqbal Satish Kumar Sharma

https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.273
Cited By: 1

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E, Colom F, Torrent C, Sánchez-Moreno J, Reinares M, Benabarre A, Goikolea JM, Brugué E, Daban C, Salamero M. Cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients: implications for clinical and functional outcome. Bipolar Disord. 2004; 6(3): 224–232. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Altshuler LL, Ventura J, van Gorp WG, Green MF, Theberge DC, Mintz J. Neurocognitive function in clinically stable men with bipolar I disorder or schizophrenia and normal control subjects. Biol Psychiatry. 2004; 56(8): 560–569. [CrossRef]
  • [3] Robinson LJ, Thompson JM, Gallagher P, Goswami U, Young AH, Ferrier N, Moore PB. A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2006; 93(1–3): 105–115. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Mann-Wrobel MC, Carreno JT, Dickinson D. Meta-analysis of neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: an update and investigation of moderator variables. Bipolar Disord. 2011; 13(4): 334–342. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Green MF. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? Am J Psychiatry. 1996; 153(3): 321–330. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Wingo AP, Harvey PD, Baldessarini RJ. Neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder patients: functional implications. Bipolar Disord. 2009; 11(2): 113–125. [CrossRef]
  • [7] Bearden CE, Shih VH, Green MF, Gitlin M, Sokolski KN, Levander E, Marusak S, Hammen C, Sugar CA, Altshuler LL. The impact of neurocognitive impairment on occupational recovery of clinically stable patients with bipolar disorder: a prospective study. Bipolar Disord. 2011; 13(4): 323–333. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Burdick KE, Braga RJ, Nnadi CU, Shaya S, Stearns WH, Malhotra AK. Placebo-controlled adjunctive trial of pramipexole in patients with bipolar disorder: targeting cognitive dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012; 73(1): 103–112. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Goldberg JF, Chengappa KNR. Identifying and treating cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2009; 11(suppl 2): 123–137. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Goldberg JF, Burdick KE, Endick CJ. Preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole added to mood stabilizers for treatment-resistant bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2004; 161(3): 564–566. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Burdick KE, Braga RJ, Goldberg JF, Malhotra AK. Cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder: future place of pharmacotherapy. CNS Drugs. 2007; 21(12): 971–981. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Schrauwen E, Ghaemi SN. Galantamine treatment of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: four cases. Bipolar Disord. 2006; 8(2): 196–199. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Iosifescu DV, Moore CM, Deckersbach T, Tilley CA, Ostacher MJ, Sachs GS, Nierenberg AA. Galantamine-ER for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder and correlation with hippocampal neuronal viability: a proof-of-concept study. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009; 15(4): 309–319. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Young AH, Gallagher P, Watson S, Del-Estal D, Owen BM, Ferrier IN. Improvements in neurocognitive function and mood following adjunctive treatment with mifepristone (RU486) in bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004; 29(8): 1538–1545. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Deckersbach T, Nierenberg AA, Kessler R, Lund HG, Ametrano RM, Sachs G, Rauch SL, Doughtery D. Cognitive rehabilitation for bipolar disorder: an open trial for employed patients with residual depressive symptoms. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2010; 16(5): 298–307. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Kulkarni SK, Dhir A. Withania somnifera: an Indian ginseng. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 32(5): 1093–1105. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Kaur P, Sharma M, Mathur S, Tiwari M, Divekar HM, Kumar R, Srivastava KK, Chandra R. Effect of 1-oxo-5β,6β-epoxy-witha-2-ene-27-ethoxy-olide isolated from the roots of Withania somnifera on stress indices in Wistar rats. J Altern Complement Med. 2003; 9(6): 897–907. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya A, Sairam K, Ghosal S. Anxiolytic-antidepressant activity of Withania somnifera glycowithanolides: an experimental study. Phytomedicine. 2000; 7(6): 463–469. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Bhattacharya SK, Muruganandam AV. Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003; 75(3): 547–555. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Schliebs R, Liebmann A, Bhattacharya SK, Kumar A, Ghosal S, Bigl V. Systemic administration of defined extracts from Withania somnifera (Indian Ginseng) and Shilajit differentially affects cholinergic but not glutamatergic and GABAergic markers in rat brain. Neurochem Int. 1997; 30(2): 181–190. [CrossRef]
  • [21] San Martín Molina I, Salo RA, Abdollahzadeh A, Tohka J, Gröhn O, Sierra A. In Vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Acute and Subacute Phases of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. eNeuro. 2020; 7(3): ENEURO.0476-19.2020.
  • [22] Soman S, Korah PK, Jayanarayanan S, Mathew J, Paulose CS. Oxidative stress induced NMDA receptor alteration leads to spatial memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy: ameliorative effects of Withania somnifera and Withanolide A. Neurochem Res. 2012; 37(9): 1915–1927. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Choudhary D, Bhattacharyya S, Bose S. Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) root extract in improving memory and cognitive functions. J Diet Suppl. 2017; 14(6): 599–612. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Chengappa KNR, Bowie CR, Schlicht PJ, Fleet D, Brar JS, Jindal R. Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of Withania somnifera for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013; 74(11): 1076–1083. [CrossRef]
  • [25] Pingali U, Pilli R, Fatima N. Effect of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on tests of cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participants. Pharmacogn Res. 2014; 6(1): 12–18. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Sairazi NSM, Sirajudeen KNS. Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds: Neuroprotective Potentials against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020; 2020: 6565396. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Marx CE, Stevens RD, Shampine LJ, Uzunova V, Trost WT, Butterfield MI, et al. Neuroactive steroids are altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relevance to pathophysiology and therapeutics. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006; 31: 1249–1263. [CrossRef]
  • [28] Paintlia MK, Paintlia AS, Khan M, Singh I, Singh AK. Modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activity by N-acetyl cysteine attenuates inhibition of oligodendrocyte development in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mixed glial cultures. J Neurochem. 2008; 105(3): 956–970. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Rezin GT, Scaini G, Ferreira GK, Cardoso MR, Gonçalves CL, et al. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in brain and behavioral analysis in adult rats after chronic administration of fenproporex. Metab Brain Dis. 2012; 27(4): 453–458. [CrossRef]
  • [30] Schilling K, Janve V, Gao Y, Stepniewska I, Landman BA, Anderson AW. Comparison of 3D orientation distribution functions measured with confocal microscopy and diffusion MRI. Neuroimage. 2016; 129: 185–197. [CrossRef]
  • [31] Flaisher-Grinberg S, Einat H. Amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference and modeling domains of bipolar disorder. Open Neuropsychopharmacol J. 2011; 4(1). [CrossRef]
  • [32] Salamaa AA, El-Kassabyb M, Elhadidyc ME, Raoufc ER, Abdallad AM, Farrage AR. Effects of the Aqueous Seed Extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) against Pilocarpine-induced Convulsions in Rats.
  • [33] Hughes RN. The value of spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB) as a test of retention in pharmacological investigations of memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2004; 28(5): 497–505. [CrossRef]
  • [34] Cools AR. Mesolimbic dopamine and its control of locomotor activity in rats: differences in pharmacology and light/dark periodicity between the olfactory tubercle and the nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology. 1986; 88(4): 451–459. [CrossRef]
  • [35] Soman S, Korah PK, Jayanarayanan S, Mathew J, Paulose CS. Oxidative stress induced NMDA receptor alteration leads to spatial memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy: ameliorative effects of Withania somnifera and Withanolide A. Neurochem Res. 2012; 37(9): 1915–1927. [CrossRef]
  • [36] Kataria H, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC, Kaur G. Water extract from the leaves of Withania somnifera protects RA-differentiated C6 and IMR-32 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5): e37080. [CrossRef]
  • [37] Bora KS, Sharma A. Neuroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L. on focal ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 129(3): 403–409. [CrossRef]
  • [38] Durg S, Dhadde SB, Vandal R, Shivakumar BS, Charan CS. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in neurobehavioural disorders induced by brain oxidative stress in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 67(7): 879–899. [CrossRef]
  • [39] Gama CS, Salvador M, Andreazza AC, Lobato MI, Berk M, Kapczinski F, Belmonte-de-Abreu PS. Elevated serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in clinically symptomatic schizophrenic males. Neurosci Lett. 2008; 433(3): 270–273. [CrossRef]
  • [40] Choudhary D, Bhattacharyya S, Bose S. Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) root extract in improving memory and cognitive functions. J Diet Suppl. 2017;14(6):599–612. [CrossRef]
  • [41] Chengappa KR, Bowie CR, Schlicht PJ, Fleet D, Brar JS, Jindal R. Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of Withania somnifera for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(11):16816. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Pingali U, Pilli R, Fatima N. Effect of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on tests of cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participants. Pharmacogn Res. 2014;6(1):12. [CrossRef]
  • [43] Kuboyama T, Tohda C, Komatsu K. Withanoside IV and its active metabolite, sominone, attenuate Aβ (25–35)‐induced neurodegeneration. Eur J Neurosci. 2006;23(6):1417–1426. [CrossRef]
  • [44] Konar A, Shah N, Singh R, Saxena N, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Thakur MK. Protective role of Ashwagandha leaf extract and its component withanone on scopolamine-induced changes in the brain and brain-derived cells. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27265. [CrossRef]
  • [45] Patel P, Julien JP, Kriz J. Early-stage treatment with Withaferin A reduces levels of misfolded superoxide dismutase 1 and extends lifespan in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics. 2015;12(1):217–233. [CrossRef]
  • [46] Baitharu I, Jain V, Deep SN, et al. Withanolide A prevents neurodegeneration by modulating hippocampal glutathione biosynthesis during hypoxia. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e107818. [CrossRef]
  • [47] Sairazi NSM, Sirajudeen KNS. Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds: Neuroprotective Potentials against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:6565396. [CrossRef]
  • [48] Armstrong J, Steinauer K, Hornung B, Irish JM, Lecane P, Birrell GW, et al. Role of glutathione depletion and reactive oxygen species generation in apoptotic signaling in a human B lymphoma cell line. Cell Death Differ. 2002;9:252–263. [CrossRef]
  • [49] Parolini M, Magni S, Castiglioni S, Binelli A. Amphetamine exposure imbalanced antioxidant activity in the bivalve Dreissena polymorpha causing oxidative and genetic damage. Chemosphere. 2016;144:207–213. [CrossRef]
  • [50] Takahashi N, Sakurai T, Davis KL, Buxbaum JD. Linking oligodendrocyte and myelin dysfunction to neurocircuitry abnormalities in schizophrenia. Prog Neurobiol. 2011;93(1):13–24. [CrossRef]
  • [51] Martins-de-Souza D, Gattaz WF, Schmitt A, Rewerts C, Marangoni S, Novello JC, et al. Alterations in oligodendrocyte proteins, calcium homeostasis and new potential markers in schizophrenia anterior temporal lobe are revealed by shotgun proteome analysis. J Neural Transm. 2009;116(3):275–289. [CrossRef]
  • [52] Marx CE, Stevens RD, Shampine LJ, Uzunova V, Trost WT, Butterfield MI, et al. Neuroactive steroids are altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relevance to pathophysiology and therapeutics. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31:1249–1263. [CrossRef]
  • [53] Fluri F, Schuhmann MK, Kleinschnitz C. Animal models of ischemic stroke and their application in clinical research. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:3445–3454. [CrossRef]
  • [54] Chaudhary G, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR, Gupta YK. Evaluation of Withania somnifera in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2003;30(5–6):399–404. [CrossRef]
  • [55] Trigunayat A, Raghavendra M, Singh RK, Bhattacharya AK, Acharya SB. Neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and long-term hypoperfusion induced alterations in rats. J Nat Remedies. 2007;7(2):234–246.
  • [56] Phillis JW, Smith-Barbour M, Perkins LM, O'Regan MH. Characterization of glutamate, aspartate, and GABA release from ischemic rat cerebral cortex. Brain Res Bull. 1994;34(5):457–466. [CrossRef]
  • [57] Salamaa AA, El-Kassaby M, Elhadidy ME, et al. Effects of the Aqueous Seed Extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) against Pilocarpine-induced Convulsions in Rats. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2016;41(1):116–121.

Withania somnifera extract improves cognitive, behavioral and mood disorders in animal model of bipolar disorder

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 6, 1825 - 1841, 28.06.2025

Mohammad Rashid Iqbal Satish Kumar Sharma

https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.273
Cited By: 1

Öz

In this paper we examined the Withania somnifera extract (WSE) improve cognitive, behavioral and mood disorder in animal model of bipolar disorder. The present study was undertaken to investigate cognitive, behavioral and mood disorder effects of WSE on bipolar disorder of the male/female Wistar albino rats’ brain. We have observed after 24 hours of last dosing the behavioral, memory and test were carried out followed by estimation of markers of oxidative stress under six groups using continuous sub-anesthetic dose of Amphetamine (Amph) (1.5 mg/kg, i.p) with WSE (300 mg/kg, i.p) and LiCl (1.5 mEq/kg, i.p.) administered daily for 21 days. We have found the percentage alteration was decreased in rat treated with WSE as compared to control indicate that it also improved spatial memory and learning. We have examined various oxidative parameters such as levels of SOD, GSH and TBARS level as compared to control groups. The reduced level of oxidative stress parameters upon administration of WSE and LiCl indicates ameliorating effects of WSE in oxidative stress. We had concluded that WSE showed improvement in learning and memory as animal treated with WSE spent more time in open arm as compared to Amph with WSE and LiCl treated rats. Hence, we can say that WSE improve cognitive, behavioral and mood disorder in animal model of bipolar disorder.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Withania somnifera extract cognitive behavioral mood disorder animal model bipolar disorder

Kaynakça

  • [1] Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E, Colom F, Torrent C, Sánchez-Moreno J, Reinares M, Benabarre A, Goikolea JM, Brugué E, Daban C, Salamero M. Cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients: implications for clinical and functional outcome. Bipolar Disord. 2004; 6(3): 224–232. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Altshuler LL, Ventura J, van Gorp WG, Green MF, Theberge DC, Mintz J. Neurocognitive function in clinically stable men with bipolar I disorder or schizophrenia and normal control subjects. Biol Psychiatry. 2004; 56(8): 560–569. [CrossRef]
  • [3] Robinson LJ, Thompson JM, Gallagher P, Goswami U, Young AH, Ferrier N, Moore PB. A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2006; 93(1–3): 105–115. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Mann-Wrobel MC, Carreno JT, Dickinson D. Meta-analysis of neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: an update and investigation of moderator variables. Bipolar Disord. 2011; 13(4): 334–342. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Green MF. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? Am J Psychiatry. 1996; 153(3): 321–330. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Wingo AP, Harvey PD, Baldessarini RJ. Neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder patients: functional implications. Bipolar Disord. 2009; 11(2): 113–125. [CrossRef]
  • [7] Bearden CE, Shih VH, Green MF, Gitlin M, Sokolski KN, Levander E, Marusak S, Hammen C, Sugar CA, Altshuler LL. The impact of neurocognitive impairment on occupational recovery of clinically stable patients with bipolar disorder: a prospective study. Bipolar Disord. 2011; 13(4): 323–333. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Burdick KE, Braga RJ, Nnadi CU, Shaya S, Stearns WH, Malhotra AK. Placebo-controlled adjunctive trial of pramipexole in patients with bipolar disorder: targeting cognitive dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012; 73(1): 103–112. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Goldberg JF, Chengappa KNR. Identifying and treating cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2009; 11(suppl 2): 123–137. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Goldberg JF, Burdick KE, Endick CJ. Preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole added to mood stabilizers for treatment-resistant bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2004; 161(3): 564–566. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Burdick KE, Braga RJ, Goldberg JF, Malhotra AK. Cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder: future place of pharmacotherapy. CNS Drugs. 2007; 21(12): 971–981. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Schrauwen E, Ghaemi SN. Galantamine treatment of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: four cases. Bipolar Disord. 2006; 8(2): 196–199. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Iosifescu DV, Moore CM, Deckersbach T, Tilley CA, Ostacher MJ, Sachs GS, Nierenberg AA. Galantamine-ER for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder and correlation with hippocampal neuronal viability: a proof-of-concept study. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009; 15(4): 309–319. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Young AH, Gallagher P, Watson S, Del-Estal D, Owen BM, Ferrier IN. Improvements in neurocognitive function and mood following adjunctive treatment with mifepristone (RU486) in bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004; 29(8): 1538–1545. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Deckersbach T, Nierenberg AA, Kessler R, Lund HG, Ametrano RM, Sachs G, Rauch SL, Doughtery D. Cognitive rehabilitation for bipolar disorder: an open trial for employed patients with residual depressive symptoms. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2010; 16(5): 298–307. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Kulkarni SK, Dhir A. Withania somnifera: an Indian ginseng. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 32(5): 1093–1105. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Kaur P, Sharma M, Mathur S, Tiwari M, Divekar HM, Kumar R, Srivastava KK, Chandra R. Effect of 1-oxo-5β,6β-epoxy-witha-2-ene-27-ethoxy-olide isolated from the roots of Withania somnifera on stress indices in Wistar rats. J Altern Complement Med. 2003; 9(6): 897–907. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya A, Sairam K, Ghosal S. Anxiolytic-antidepressant activity of Withania somnifera glycowithanolides: an experimental study. Phytomedicine. 2000; 7(6): 463–469. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Bhattacharya SK, Muruganandam AV. Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003; 75(3): 547–555. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Schliebs R, Liebmann A, Bhattacharya SK, Kumar A, Ghosal S, Bigl V. Systemic administration of defined extracts from Withania somnifera (Indian Ginseng) and Shilajit differentially affects cholinergic but not glutamatergic and GABAergic markers in rat brain. Neurochem Int. 1997; 30(2): 181–190. [CrossRef]
  • [21] San Martín Molina I, Salo RA, Abdollahzadeh A, Tohka J, Gröhn O, Sierra A. In Vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Acute and Subacute Phases of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. eNeuro. 2020; 7(3): ENEURO.0476-19.2020.
  • [22] Soman S, Korah PK, Jayanarayanan S, Mathew J, Paulose CS. Oxidative stress induced NMDA receptor alteration leads to spatial memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy: ameliorative effects of Withania somnifera and Withanolide A. Neurochem Res. 2012; 37(9): 1915–1927. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Choudhary D, Bhattacharyya S, Bose S. Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) root extract in improving memory and cognitive functions. J Diet Suppl. 2017; 14(6): 599–612. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Chengappa KNR, Bowie CR, Schlicht PJ, Fleet D, Brar JS, Jindal R. Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of Withania somnifera for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013; 74(11): 1076–1083. [CrossRef]
  • [25] Pingali U, Pilli R, Fatima N. Effect of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on tests of cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participants. Pharmacogn Res. 2014; 6(1): 12–18. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Sairazi NSM, Sirajudeen KNS. Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds: Neuroprotective Potentials against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020; 2020: 6565396. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Marx CE, Stevens RD, Shampine LJ, Uzunova V, Trost WT, Butterfield MI, et al. Neuroactive steroids are altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relevance to pathophysiology and therapeutics. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006; 31: 1249–1263. [CrossRef]
  • [28] Paintlia MK, Paintlia AS, Khan M, Singh I, Singh AK. Modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activity by N-acetyl cysteine attenuates inhibition of oligodendrocyte development in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mixed glial cultures. J Neurochem. 2008; 105(3): 956–970. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Rezin GT, Scaini G, Ferreira GK, Cardoso MR, Gonçalves CL, et al. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in brain and behavioral analysis in adult rats after chronic administration of fenproporex. Metab Brain Dis. 2012; 27(4): 453–458. [CrossRef]
  • [30] Schilling K, Janve V, Gao Y, Stepniewska I, Landman BA, Anderson AW. Comparison of 3D orientation distribution functions measured with confocal microscopy and diffusion MRI. Neuroimage. 2016; 129: 185–197. [CrossRef]
  • [31] Flaisher-Grinberg S, Einat H. Amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference and modeling domains of bipolar disorder. Open Neuropsychopharmacol J. 2011; 4(1). [CrossRef]
  • [32] Salamaa AA, El-Kassabyb M, Elhadidyc ME, Raoufc ER, Abdallad AM, Farrage AR. Effects of the Aqueous Seed Extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) against Pilocarpine-induced Convulsions in Rats.
  • [33] Hughes RN. The value of spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB) as a test of retention in pharmacological investigations of memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2004; 28(5): 497–505. [CrossRef]
  • [34] Cools AR. Mesolimbic dopamine and its control of locomotor activity in rats: differences in pharmacology and light/dark periodicity between the olfactory tubercle and the nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology. 1986; 88(4): 451–459. [CrossRef]
  • [35] Soman S, Korah PK, Jayanarayanan S, Mathew J, Paulose CS. Oxidative stress induced NMDA receptor alteration leads to spatial memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy: ameliorative effects of Withania somnifera and Withanolide A. Neurochem Res. 2012; 37(9): 1915–1927. [CrossRef]
  • [36] Kataria H, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC, Kaur G. Water extract from the leaves of Withania somnifera protects RA-differentiated C6 and IMR-32 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5): e37080. [CrossRef]
  • [37] Bora KS, Sharma A. Neuroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L. on focal ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 129(3): 403–409. [CrossRef]
  • [38] Durg S, Dhadde SB, Vandal R, Shivakumar BS, Charan CS. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in neurobehavioural disorders induced by brain oxidative stress in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 67(7): 879–899. [CrossRef]
  • [39] Gama CS, Salvador M, Andreazza AC, Lobato MI, Berk M, Kapczinski F, Belmonte-de-Abreu PS. Elevated serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in clinically symptomatic schizophrenic males. Neurosci Lett. 2008; 433(3): 270–273. [CrossRef]
  • [40] Choudhary D, Bhattacharyya S, Bose S. Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) root extract in improving memory and cognitive functions. J Diet Suppl. 2017;14(6):599–612. [CrossRef]
  • [41] Chengappa KR, Bowie CR, Schlicht PJ, Fleet D, Brar JS, Jindal R. Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of Withania somnifera for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(11):16816. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Pingali U, Pilli R, Fatima N. Effect of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on tests of cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participants. Pharmacogn Res. 2014;6(1):12. [CrossRef]
  • [43] Kuboyama T, Tohda C, Komatsu K. Withanoside IV and its active metabolite, sominone, attenuate Aβ (25–35)‐induced neurodegeneration. Eur J Neurosci. 2006;23(6):1417–1426. [CrossRef]
  • [44] Konar A, Shah N, Singh R, Saxena N, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Thakur MK. Protective role of Ashwagandha leaf extract and its component withanone on scopolamine-induced changes in the brain and brain-derived cells. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27265. [CrossRef]
  • [45] Patel P, Julien JP, Kriz J. Early-stage treatment with Withaferin A reduces levels of misfolded superoxide dismutase 1 and extends lifespan in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics. 2015;12(1):217–233. [CrossRef]
  • [46] Baitharu I, Jain V, Deep SN, et al. Withanolide A prevents neurodegeneration by modulating hippocampal glutathione biosynthesis during hypoxia. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e107818. [CrossRef]
  • [47] Sairazi NSM, Sirajudeen KNS. Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds: Neuroprotective Potentials against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:6565396. [CrossRef]
  • [48] Armstrong J, Steinauer K, Hornung B, Irish JM, Lecane P, Birrell GW, et al. Role of glutathione depletion and reactive oxygen species generation in apoptotic signaling in a human B lymphoma cell line. Cell Death Differ. 2002;9:252–263. [CrossRef]
  • [49] Parolini M, Magni S, Castiglioni S, Binelli A. Amphetamine exposure imbalanced antioxidant activity in the bivalve Dreissena polymorpha causing oxidative and genetic damage. Chemosphere. 2016;144:207–213. [CrossRef]
  • [50] Takahashi N, Sakurai T, Davis KL, Buxbaum JD. Linking oligodendrocyte and myelin dysfunction to neurocircuitry abnormalities in schizophrenia. Prog Neurobiol. 2011;93(1):13–24. [CrossRef]
  • [51] Martins-de-Souza D, Gattaz WF, Schmitt A, Rewerts C, Marangoni S, Novello JC, et al. Alterations in oligodendrocyte proteins, calcium homeostasis and new potential markers in schizophrenia anterior temporal lobe are revealed by shotgun proteome analysis. J Neural Transm. 2009;116(3):275–289. [CrossRef]
  • [52] Marx CE, Stevens RD, Shampine LJ, Uzunova V, Trost WT, Butterfield MI, et al. Neuroactive steroids are altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relevance to pathophysiology and therapeutics. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31:1249–1263. [CrossRef]
  • [53] Fluri F, Schuhmann MK, Kleinschnitz C. Animal models of ischemic stroke and their application in clinical research. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:3445–3454. [CrossRef]
  • [54] Chaudhary G, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR, Gupta YK. Evaluation of Withania somnifera in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2003;30(5–6):399–404. [CrossRef]
  • [55] Trigunayat A, Raghavendra M, Singh RK, Bhattacharya AK, Acharya SB. Neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and long-term hypoperfusion induced alterations in rats. J Nat Remedies. 2007;7(2):234–246.
  • [56] Phillis JW, Smith-Barbour M, Perkins LM, O'Regan MH. Characterization of glutamate, aspartate, and GABA release from ischemic rat cerebral cortex. Brain Res Bull. 1994;34(5):457–466. [CrossRef]
  • [57] Salamaa AA, El-Kassaby M, Elhadidy ME, et al. Effects of the Aqueous Seed Extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) against Pilocarpine-induced Convulsions in Rats. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2016;41(1):116–121.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Farmakognozi
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Mohammad Rashid Iqbal

Satish Kumar Sharma

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Iqbal, M. R., & Sharma, S. K. (2025). Withania somnifera extract improves cognitive, behavioral and mood disorders in animal model of bipolar disorder. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 26(6), 1825-1841. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.273
AMA Iqbal MR, Sharma SK. Withania somnifera extract improves cognitive, behavioral and mood disorders in animal model of bipolar disorder. J. Res. Pharm. Haziran 2025;26(6):1825-1841. doi:10.29228/jrp.273
Chicago Iqbal, Mohammad Rashid, ve Satish Kumar Sharma. “Withania Somnifera Extract Improves Cognitive, Behavioral and Mood Disorders in Animal Model of Bipolar Disorder”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26, sy. 6 (Haziran 2025): 1825-41. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.273.
EndNote Iqbal MR, Sharma SK (01 Haziran 2025) Withania somnifera extract improves cognitive, behavioral and mood disorders in animal model of bipolar disorder. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26 6 1825–1841.
IEEE M. R. Iqbal ve S. K. Sharma, “Withania somnifera extract improves cognitive, behavioral and mood disorders in animal model of bipolar disorder”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 26, sy. 6, ss. 1825–1841, 2025, doi: 10.29228/jrp.273.
ISNAD Iqbal, Mohammad Rashid - Sharma, Satish Kumar. “Withania Somnifera Extract Improves Cognitive, Behavioral and Mood Disorders in Animal Model of Bipolar Disorder”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26/6 (Haziran 2025), 1825-1841. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.273.
JAMA Iqbal MR, Sharma SK. Withania somnifera extract improves cognitive, behavioral and mood disorders in animal model of bipolar disorder. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;26:1825–1841.
MLA Iqbal, Mohammad Rashid ve Satish Kumar Sharma. “Withania Somnifera Extract Improves Cognitive, Behavioral and Mood Disorders in Animal Model of Bipolar Disorder”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 26, sy. 6, 2025, ss. 1825-41, doi:10.29228/jrp.273.
Vancouver Iqbal MR, Sharma SK. Withania somnifera extract improves cognitive, behavioral and mood disorders in animal model of bipolar disorder. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;26(6):1825-41.

Cited By

Advancements in neuroblastoma treatment: FDA-approved drugs and role of phytochemicals
Molecular Biology Reports
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10633-w