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Cytotoxicity screening of some Turkish plants against renal cancer cells

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 636 - 641, 27.06.2025

Feyyaz Mihoğlugil Demet Akalgan , Fatma Tosun

Öz

In this contribution, we performed cytotoxicity screening of 51 extracts from 17 plant species, representing
14 families growing in Turkey. Cytotoxic activities of the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of the
plants were investigated against the renal (A498 and U031) cancer cell lines. 28 extracts exhibited more than 50% growth
inhibition at a 25 ug/mL concentration on both renal cancer A498 and UO31 cell lines. The extracts showed higher
activity against UO31 cells than A498 cells. The dichloromethane extract of the aerial parts of Scabiosa columbaria ssp.
columbaria showed the highest cytotoxic activity with 64% inhibition at a 25 ug/mL concentration on the renal cancer
UO31 cell line. The methanol extract of the aerial parts of Epilobium minutiflorum showed the highest cytotoxic activity
with 63% inhibition at a 25 ug/mL concentration on the renal cancer A498 cell line.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cytotoxic activity renal cancer Turkish plants Scabiosa columbaria ssp. columbaria

Kaynakça

  • Siegel R, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2022; 72: 7–33. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21708
  • Shu X, Zhang Z, Yao Z-Y and Xing X-L. Identification of five ferroptosis-related LncRNAs as novel prognosis and diagnosis signatures for renal cancer. Front Mol Biosci. 2022; 8:763697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.763697
  • Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of incidence and mortality Worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA A. Cancer J Clin. 2021; 71: 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
  • Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/ 1981 to 09/2019. J Nat Prod. 2020; 83: 770–803. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285
  • Majolo F, Delwing LKOB, Marmitt DJ, Bustamante-Filho IC, Goettert M I. Medicinal plants and bioactive natural compounds for cancer treatment: Important advances for drug discovery. Phytochem Lett. 2019; 31: 196-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2019.04.003
  • Isyaka SM, Mas-Claret E, Langat MK, Hodges T, Selway B, Mbala BM, Mvingu BK, Mulholland DA. Cytotoxic diterpenoids from the leaves and stem bark of Croton haumanianus(Euphorbiaceae). Phytochemistry. 2020; 178: 112455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.11245
  • Zhu C, Na N, Sheng H, Feng B, Wang H, Zhu P, Zhang W, Zhang M and Deng Z. Ginkgolic acid inhibits the growth of renal cell carcinoma cells via inactivation of the EGFR signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med. 2020; 19: 2949-2956. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8570
  • Jisha N, Vysakh A, Vijeesh V, Latha MS.Ethyl acetate fraction of Muntingia calabura L. exerts anti-colorectal cancer potential via regulating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;261: 113064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113064
  • Swaffar DS, Holley CJ, Fitch RW, Elkin KR, Zhang C, Sturgill JP, Menachery MD.Phytochemical investigation and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of alkaloids from Abuta rufescens. Planta Med. 2012; 78: 230–232. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1280383
  • Versiani MA, Kanwal A, Faizi S, and Farooq AD. Cytotoxic cardiac glycoside from the parasitic plant Cuscuta reflexa. Chem Nat Compd. 2017; 53: 915-922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-017-2154-5
  • Rajkapoor B, Murugesh N, Krishna DR. Cytotoxic activity of a flavanone from the stem of Bauhinia variegata Linn. Nat. Prod. Res. 2009; 23(15): 1384–1389. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410802553752
  • Beutler JA, Kashman Y, Pannell LK, Cardellina JH, Alexander MRA, Balaschak MS, Prather TR, Shoemaker RH, and Boyda MR. Isolation and characterization of novel cytotoxic saponins from Archidendron ellipticum. Bioorg Med Chem. 1997; 5(8): 1509-1517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(97)00098-9
  • Banik K, Khatoon E, Harsha, C., Rana V, Parama D, Thakur KK, Bishayee A, Kunnumakkara, AB. Wogonin and its analogs for the prevention and treatment of cancer: A systematic review. Phytother Res. 2022; 36:1854–1883.doi: 10.1002/ptr.7386. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7386
  • Nelson VK, Sahoo NK, Sahu M, Sudhan HH, Pullaiah CP, Muralikrishna KS. In vitro anticancer activity of Eclipta alba whole plant extract on colon cancer cell HCT-116. BMC Complement Med Ther.2020; 20:355. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03118-9
  • Tosun F, Beutler JA, Ransom TT, Miski M. Anatolicin, a highly potent and selective cytotoxic sesquiterpene coumarin from the root extract of Heptaptera anatolica. Molecules. 2019; 24: 1153-1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061153
  • Tosun F,Aytar EC, Beutler JA, Wilson JA, Miski M. Cytotoxic sesquiterpene coumarins from the roots of Heptaptera cilicica. Rec Nat Prod. 2021; 15(6): 529-536. https://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.242.21.02.1990
  • Devkota KP, Covell D, Ransom T, McMahon JB, Beutler JA. Growth inhibition of human colon carcinoma cells by sesquiterpenoids and tetralones of Zygogynum calothyrsum. J Nat Prod. 2013; 76: 710-714. https://doi.org/10.1021/np400042q
  • Badisa RB, Tzakou O, Couladis M and Pilarinou E. Cytotoxic activities of some Greek Labiatae Herbs. Phytother Res. 2003; 17: 472–476. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1175
  • Dzhambazov B, Daskalova S, Monteva A, and Popov N. In vitro screening for antitumour activity of Clinopodium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) extracts. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002; 25(4): 499-504. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.499
  • Batsalova T, Bardarov K, Bardarov V, Moten D, Dzhambazov B. Cytotoxic properties of Clinopodium vulgare L. Extracts on selected human cell lines. C.R. Acad Sci. 2017; 70(5): 645-650.
  • Gallego A, Metón I, Baanante IV, Ouazzani J,Adelin E, Palazon J, Bonfill M, Moyano E. Viability-reducing activity of Coryllusa vellana L. extracts against human cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 89: 565–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.046
  • Bilir EK, Tutun H, Sevin S, Kismali G, Yarsan E. Cytotoxic Effects of Rhododendron ponticumL. Extract on prostate carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell line (DU145, PC3). Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2018; 24 (3): 451-457. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2017.19219
  • Demir S, Turan I, Aliyazicioglu Y. Cytotoxic effect of Rhododendron luteum leaf extract on human cancer cell lines. KSÜ Tar Doğa Derg. 2018; 21(6): 950-956. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.421283
  • Mahomoodally M F, Sieniawska E, Sinan KI, Picot-Allaina MCN, Yerlikaya S, Baloglu MC, Altunoglu YC, Senkardes I, Rengasamy KRR, Zengin G. Utilisation of Rhododendron luteum sweet bioactive compounds as valuable source of enzymes inhibitors, antioxidant, and anticancer agents. Food ChemToxicol. 2020; 135: 111052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.111052
  • Şöhretoğlu D, Genç Y, Harput ÜŞ, Sabuncuoğlu S, Soral M, Gülin Renda G, Liptaj T. Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Sedum spurium. Nat ProdCommun. 2016; 11 (11):1693-1696. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1601101117
  • PiwowarskiJP, Bobrowska-Korczak B, Stanislawska I, Bielecki W, Wrzesien R, Granica S, Krupa K, Kiss AK.Evaluation of the Effect of Epilobium angustifolium Aqueous Extract on LNCaP Cell Proliferation in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Planta Med. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-109372
  • Stolarczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Granica S, Stefańska J, Naruszewicz M and Kiss AK. Extracts from Epilobium sp. Herbs, Their Components and Gut Microbiota Metabolites of Epilobium Ellagitannins, Urolithins, Inhibit Hormone- Dependent Prostate Cancer Cells (LNCaP) Proliferation and PSA Secretion. Phytother Res. 2013; 27: 1842–1848. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4941
  • Nowak A, Zielonka-Brzezicka J, Peruzynska M and Klimowicz A. Epilobium angustifolium L. as a Potential Herbal Component of Topical Products for Skin Care and Treatment—A Review. Molecules 2022; 27: 3536. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113536
  • Akar Z. Chemical compositions by using LC–MS/MS and GC–MS and antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from leaf and flower parts of Scabiosa columbaria subsp. columbaria var. columbaria L. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021; 28: 6639- 6644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.039
  • Dumlu MU, Gurkan E and Tuzlacı E. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Campanula alliariifolia. Nat Prod Res.2008; 22(6): 477–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410701640429
  • Yaylı N, Yıldırım N, Doğan N, Usta A and Altun L. Triterpenes from Campanula lactiflora. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2005; 7(5): 771–775. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602042000324907
  • Celikler Ozer O, Erdogan Orhan I, Calıskan B, Senol Deniz FS, Gokbulut A, Gur Maz T, Aysal A, Emerce E, Shekfeh S, Kahraman A, Banoglu E. Exploration of anti-tyrosinase effect of Geranium glaberrimum Boiss. & Heldr. with in silico approach and survey of 21 Geranium species. J Herb Med. 2021; 27: 100431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100431
  • Bastian F, Ito Y, Ogahara E, Ganeko N, Hatano T and Ito H. Simultaneous Quantification of Ellagitannins and Related Polyphenols in Geranium thunbergii Using Quantitative NMR. Molecules. 2018; 23: 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061346
  • Karadağ AE., Tosun F.Invitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Evaluation of Melampyrum arvense var. elatius L. and Sedum spurium M. Bieb. Extracts. Acta Pharm Sci. 2019; 57(2): 193-201. https://doi.org/10.23893/1307- 2080.APS.05712

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 636 - 641, 27.06.2025

Feyyaz Mihoğlugil Demet Akalgan , Fatma Tosun

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Siegel R, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2022; 72: 7–33. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21708
  • Shu X, Zhang Z, Yao Z-Y and Xing X-L. Identification of five ferroptosis-related LncRNAs as novel prognosis and diagnosis signatures for renal cancer. Front Mol Biosci. 2022; 8:763697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.763697
  • Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of incidence and mortality Worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA A. Cancer J Clin. 2021; 71: 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
  • Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/ 1981 to 09/2019. J Nat Prod. 2020; 83: 770–803. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285
  • Majolo F, Delwing LKOB, Marmitt DJ, Bustamante-Filho IC, Goettert M I. Medicinal plants and bioactive natural compounds for cancer treatment: Important advances for drug discovery. Phytochem Lett. 2019; 31: 196-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2019.04.003
  • Isyaka SM, Mas-Claret E, Langat MK, Hodges T, Selway B, Mbala BM, Mvingu BK, Mulholland DA. Cytotoxic diterpenoids from the leaves and stem bark of Croton haumanianus(Euphorbiaceae). Phytochemistry. 2020; 178: 112455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.11245
  • Zhu C, Na N, Sheng H, Feng B, Wang H, Zhu P, Zhang W, Zhang M and Deng Z. Ginkgolic acid inhibits the growth of renal cell carcinoma cells via inactivation of the EGFR signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med. 2020; 19: 2949-2956. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8570
  • Jisha N, Vysakh A, Vijeesh V, Latha MS.Ethyl acetate fraction of Muntingia calabura L. exerts anti-colorectal cancer potential via regulating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;261: 113064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113064
  • Swaffar DS, Holley CJ, Fitch RW, Elkin KR, Zhang C, Sturgill JP, Menachery MD.Phytochemical investigation and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of alkaloids from Abuta rufescens. Planta Med. 2012; 78: 230–232. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1280383
  • Versiani MA, Kanwal A, Faizi S, and Farooq AD. Cytotoxic cardiac glycoside from the parasitic plant Cuscuta reflexa. Chem Nat Compd. 2017; 53: 915-922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-017-2154-5
  • Rajkapoor B, Murugesh N, Krishna DR. Cytotoxic activity of a flavanone from the stem of Bauhinia variegata Linn. Nat. Prod. Res. 2009; 23(15): 1384–1389. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410802553752
  • Beutler JA, Kashman Y, Pannell LK, Cardellina JH, Alexander MRA, Balaschak MS, Prather TR, Shoemaker RH, and Boyda MR. Isolation and characterization of novel cytotoxic saponins from Archidendron ellipticum. Bioorg Med Chem. 1997; 5(8): 1509-1517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(97)00098-9
  • Banik K, Khatoon E, Harsha, C., Rana V, Parama D, Thakur KK, Bishayee A, Kunnumakkara, AB. Wogonin and its analogs for the prevention and treatment of cancer: A systematic review. Phytother Res. 2022; 36:1854–1883.doi: 10.1002/ptr.7386. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7386
  • Nelson VK, Sahoo NK, Sahu M, Sudhan HH, Pullaiah CP, Muralikrishna KS. In vitro anticancer activity of Eclipta alba whole plant extract on colon cancer cell HCT-116. BMC Complement Med Ther.2020; 20:355. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03118-9
  • Tosun F, Beutler JA, Ransom TT, Miski M. Anatolicin, a highly potent and selective cytotoxic sesquiterpene coumarin from the root extract of Heptaptera anatolica. Molecules. 2019; 24: 1153-1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061153
  • Tosun F,Aytar EC, Beutler JA, Wilson JA, Miski M. Cytotoxic sesquiterpene coumarins from the roots of Heptaptera cilicica. Rec Nat Prod. 2021; 15(6): 529-536. https://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.242.21.02.1990
  • Devkota KP, Covell D, Ransom T, McMahon JB, Beutler JA. Growth inhibition of human colon carcinoma cells by sesquiterpenoids and tetralones of Zygogynum calothyrsum. J Nat Prod. 2013; 76: 710-714. https://doi.org/10.1021/np400042q
  • Badisa RB, Tzakou O, Couladis M and Pilarinou E. Cytotoxic activities of some Greek Labiatae Herbs. Phytother Res. 2003; 17: 472–476. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1175
  • Dzhambazov B, Daskalova S, Monteva A, and Popov N. In vitro screening for antitumour activity of Clinopodium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) extracts. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002; 25(4): 499-504. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.499
  • Batsalova T, Bardarov K, Bardarov V, Moten D, Dzhambazov B. Cytotoxic properties of Clinopodium vulgare L. Extracts on selected human cell lines. C.R. Acad Sci. 2017; 70(5): 645-650.
  • Gallego A, Metón I, Baanante IV, Ouazzani J,Adelin E, Palazon J, Bonfill M, Moyano E. Viability-reducing activity of Coryllusa vellana L. extracts against human cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 89: 565–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.046
  • Bilir EK, Tutun H, Sevin S, Kismali G, Yarsan E. Cytotoxic Effects of Rhododendron ponticumL. Extract on prostate carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell line (DU145, PC3). Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2018; 24 (3): 451-457. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2017.19219
  • Demir S, Turan I, Aliyazicioglu Y. Cytotoxic effect of Rhododendron luteum leaf extract on human cancer cell lines. KSÜ Tar Doğa Derg. 2018; 21(6): 950-956. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.421283
  • Mahomoodally M F, Sieniawska E, Sinan KI, Picot-Allaina MCN, Yerlikaya S, Baloglu MC, Altunoglu YC, Senkardes I, Rengasamy KRR, Zengin G. Utilisation of Rhododendron luteum sweet bioactive compounds as valuable source of enzymes inhibitors, antioxidant, and anticancer agents. Food ChemToxicol. 2020; 135: 111052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.111052
  • Şöhretoğlu D, Genç Y, Harput ÜŞ, Sabuncuoğlu S, Soral M, Gülin Renda G, Liptaj T. Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Sedum spurium. Nat ProdCommun. 2016; 11 (11):1693-1696. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1601101117
  • PiwowarskiJP, Bobrowska-Korczak B, Stanislawska I, Bielecki W, Wrzesien R, Granica S, Krupa K, Kiss AK.Evaluation of the Effect of Epilobium angustifolium Aqueous Extract on LNCaP Cell Proliferation in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Planta Med. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-109372
  • Stolarczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Granica S, Stefańska J, Naruszewicz M and Kiss AK. Extracts from Epilobium sp. Herbs, Their Components and Gut Microbiota Metabolites of Epilobium Ellagitannins, Urolithins, Inhibit Hormone- Dependent Prostate Cancer Cells (LNCaP) Proliferation and PSA Secretion. Phytother Res. 2013; 27: 1842–1848. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4941
  • Nowak A, Zielonka-Brzezicka J, Peruzynska M and Klimowicz A. Epilobium angustifolium L. as a Potential Herbal Component of Topical Products for Skin Care and Treatment—A Review. Molecules 2022; 27: 3536. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113536
  • Akar Z. Chemical compositions by using LC–MS/MS and GC–MS and antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from leaf and flower parts of Scabiosa columbaria subsp. columbaria var. columbaria L. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021; 28: 6639- 6644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.039
  • Dumlu MU, Gurkan E and Tuzlacı E. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Campanula alliariifolia. Nat Prod Res.2008; 22(6): 477–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410701640429
  • Yaylı N, Yıldırım N, Doğan N, Usta A and Altun L. Triterpenes from Campanula lactiflora. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2005; 7(5): 771–775. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602042000324907
  • Celikler Ozer O, Erdogan Orhan I, Calıskan B, Senol Deniz FS, Gokbulut A, Gur Maz T, Aysal A, Emerce E, Shekfeh S, Kahraman A, Banoglu E. Exploration of anti-tyrosinase effect of Geranium glaberrimum Boiss. & Heldr. with in silico approach and survey of 21 Geranium species. J Herb Med. 2021; 27: 100431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100431
  • Bastian F, Ito Y, Ogahara E, Ganeko N, Hatano T and Ito H. Simultaneous Quantification of Ellagitannins and Related Polyphenols in Geranium thunbergii Using Quantitative NMR. Molecules. 2018; 23: 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061346
  • Karadağ AE., Tosun F.Invitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Evaluation of Melampyrum arvense var. elatius L. and Sedum spurium M. Bieb. Extracts. Acta Pharm Sci. 2019; 57(2): 193-201. https://doi.org/10.23893/1307- 2080.APS.05712
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Farmakognozi
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Feyyaz Mihoğlugil 0000-0003-0976-0244

Demet Akalgan 0000-0001-6956-163X

Fatma Tosun 0000-0003-2533-5141

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Mihoğlugil, F., Akalgan, D., & Tosun, F. (2025). Cytotoxicity screening of some Turkish plants against renal cancer cells. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(2), 636-641.
AMA Mihoğlugil F, Akalgan D, Tosun F. Cytotoxicity screening of some Turkish plants against renal cancer cells. J. Res. Pharm. Haziran 2025;27(2):636-641.
Chicago Mihoğlugil, Feyyaz, Demet Akalgan, ve Fatma Tosun. “Cytotoxicity Screening of Some Turkish Plants Against Renal Cancer Cells”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27, sy. 2 (Haziran 2025): 636-41.
EndNote Mihoğlugil F, Akalgan D, Tosun F (01 Haziran 2025) Cytotoxicity screening of some Turkish plants against renal cancer cells. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 2 636–641.
IEEE F. Mihoğlugil, D. Akalgan, ve F. Tosun, “Cytotoxicity screening of some Turkish plants against renal cancer cells”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 27, sy. 2, ss. 636–641, 2025.
ISNAD Mihoğlugil, Feyyaz vd. “Cytotoxicity Screening of Some Turkish Plants Against Renal Cancer Cells”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/2 (Haziran 2025), 636-641.
JAMA Mihoğlugil F, Akalgan D, Tosun F. Cytotoxicity screening of some Turkish plants against renal cancer cells. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:636–641.
MLA Mihoğlugil, Feyyaz vd. “Cytotoxicity Screening of Some Turkish Plants Against Renal Cancer Cells”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 27, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 636-41.
Vancouver Mihoğlugil F, Akalgan D, Tosun F. Cytotoxicity screening of some Turkish plants against renal cancer cells. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(2):636-41.