Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Antiepileptic Effect of Musa paradisiaca Stem Juice on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced Seizures in Albino Rats

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 1056 - 1064, 28.06.2025

Sabastine Chinweike Ugwuoke Valentine Odirachukwumma Nwanelo Martins Obinna Ogugofor Obiora Celestine Ugwu Chioma Assumpta Anosike

Öz

Musa paradisiaca stem juice (MPSJ) found an extensive use in folklore medicine, but its antiepileptic properties are yet to be scientifically proven, hence, the aim of this study. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model was adopted, involving twenty-four (n=24) adult male albino rats, randomly distributed into six (6) groups of four animals each (n=4). Group 1 received saline (p.o); group 2 was untreated; group 3 received 4 mg/kg b.w diazepam (p.o); while groups 4, 5 and 6 received 50, 75 and 100% (v/v) of MPSJ (p.o), respectively. The treatment lasted for 10 days before rats were challenged with PTZ (85 mg/kg b.w, i.p) after 45 min. Group 6 showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in brain GABA level compared to that of the untreated group. Groups 5 and 6 showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in glutamate level and GABA-T activities compared to that of group 2. There were significant (p < 0.05) increases in the levels of CAT and SOD of group 6 rats compared to those of the untreated groups, except the GSH that was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Group 6 showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher SOD concentration when compared to group 2. The MDA level of group 4 was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared to that of group 2. The neuronal necrosis produced by PTZ was ameliorated in group 4 rats and the normal histo-architecture of the brain was restored. This study suggests MPSJ has protective effects against PTZ-induced seizures in rats.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seizure disorder convulsion Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) pentylenetetrazole neurotransmitter GABAT antioxidant

Kaynakça

  • 1] WHO fact sheet on epilepsy 2019. https://www.who.int. (accessed August 7, 2021).
  • [2] Kwon C, Wagner RG, Carpio A, Jette N, Newton CR. The worldwide epilepsy treatment gap: A systematic review and recommendations for revised definitions- a report from ILAE epidemiology commission. Epilepsia. 2022; 63 (3): 551-564. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17112
  • [3] Gupta P, Balasubramaniam N, Chang HY, Tseng FG, Santra TS. A single-neuron: Current trends and future prospects. Cells. 2020; 9(6):1528. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061528
  • [4] Zhang J. Basic neural units of the brain: Neurons, synapses and action potential. Neurons and Cognition. 2019; 1-38. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1906.01703
  • [5] Mladen V, Pal AF, Zdenka B, Ilangko B. Peer-to-peer communication in neural nano- network. IEEE Trans Commun. 2016; 64(3):1-1. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2016.2526657
  • [6] Farrell JS, Nguyen QA, Soltesz I. Resolving the micro-macro disconnect to address core features of seizure networks. Neuron. 2019; 101:1016-1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.043
  • [7] Sawsam MAA, Amjad NA, Fadwa T, Suleiman A, Ennaceur A, Paul LC. Anticonvulsant effects of Bongardia chrysogonum L. tuber in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model. Int J Pharmacol. 2018; 14(1):127-135. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2018.127.135
  • [8] Çiçek SS. Structure-dependent activity of natural GABA(A) receptor modulators. Molecules.2018;23(7): 1512. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071512
  • [9] Cheng T, Wallace DM, Ponteri B, Tuli M. Vallium without dependence? Individual GABAA receptor subtype contribution toward benzodiazepine addiction, tolerance and therapeutic effects. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018; 14:1351-1361. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S164307
  • [10] He L, Hu M, Li R, Zhao R., Fan L, He L, Lu F, Ye X, Huang Y, Wu C. Natural medicines for the treatment of epilepsy: Bioactive components, pharmacology and mechanism. Front Pharmacol. 2021; 22: 65-71. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.604040
  • [11] Onyenekwe PC, Okereke OE, Owolewa SO. Phytochemical screening and Effect of Musa paradisiaca stem extrude on rat haematological parameters. Curr Res J Biol Sci. 2013; 5(1): 26-29. https://doi.org/10.19026/crjbs.5.5468
  • [12] Alade G, Oladele A, Okpako E, Ajibesin K, Omowuwajo OR. A survey of plants used for family planning in Bayelsa state, southern Nigeria. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2018; 7(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5455/jice.20171202114930
  • [13] Gill, LS. Ethnomedicinal Uses of Plants in Nigeria. University of Benin press, Benin City, Nigeria, 1992; pp.169-170.
  • [14] Ajijolkewu KA, Ayoola AS, Agbabiaka TO, Zakariyah FR, Ahmed NR, Oyedele OJ and Sani A. A review of the ethnomedicinal, antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Musa paradisiaca (plantain). Bull Natl Res Cent. 2021; 45: 68. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00549-3
  • [15] Reddy AJ, Dubey AK, Handu SS, Sharma P, Mediratta PK, Ahmed QM, Jain S. Anticonvulsant and antioxidant efects of Musa sapientum stem extract on acute and chronic experimental models of epilepsy. Pharmacogn Res. 2018; 10(1):49-54. https://doi.org/10.4103/pr.pr_31_17
  • [16] Akpabio UD, Udiong DS, Akpakpan AE. The physicochemical characteristics of Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) and Banana (Musa sapientum) psuedostem wastes. Adv Nat Appl Sci. 2012; 6(2):167-172.
  • [17] Schachter SC. Translating Nature to Nurture: Back to the Future for “New” epilepsy therapies. Epilepsy Curr. 2015; 15:310‑312. https://doi.org/10.5698/1535-7511-15.6.310
  • [18] Fattorusso A, Matricardi S, Mencaroni E, Dell’isola GB, Cara GD, Striano P, Verrotti A. The pharmacoresistant epilepsy: An overview on existant and new emerging therapies. Front Neurol. 2021; 12:674483. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.674483
  • [19] Sarlo GL, Holton KF. Brain concentrations of glutamate and GABA in human epilepsy: A review. Seizure. 2021; 91 (2021): 213-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2021.06.028
  • [20] Sallard E, Letourneur D, Legendre P. Electrophysiology of ionotropic GABA receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021; 78: 5341-5370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03846-2
  • [21] Andersen JV, Markussen KH, Jakobsen E, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS, Rosenberg PA, Aldana BI. Glutamate metabolism and recycling at the excitatory synapse in health and neurodegeneration. Neuropharmacol. 2021; 196: 108719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108719
  • [22] Riche K, Lenard NR. Quercetin’s effects on glutamate cytotoxicity. Molecules. 2022; 27: 7620. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217620
  • [23] Hao F, Jia LH, Li XW, Zhang YR., Liu, XW. Garcinol upregulates GABAA and GAD65 expressions, modulates BDNFTrkB pathway to reduce seizures in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy. Med Sci Monit. 2016; 22: 4415. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.897579
  • [24] Tadayuki S, Kanato Y. Pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling mouse model. J Vis Exp. 2018; 136:56573. https://doi.org/10.3791/56573
  • [25] Absalom NL, Liao VWY, Johannesen KMH, Gardella E, Jacobs J, Lesca G, Gokce-Samar Z, Arzimanoglou A, Zeidler S, Striano P, Meyer P, Benkel-Herrenbrueck I, Mero IL, Rummel J, Chebib M, Møller RS, Ahring PK. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function GABRB3 variants lead to distinct clinical phenotyps in patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Nat Commun. 2022; 13:1822. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29280-x
  • [26] Mahoudi T, Lorigooini Z, Rafieian-kopeai M, Arabi, M, Rabiel Z, Bijad E, Kazemi S. Effect of Curcuma zedoaria hydroalcoholic extract on learning, memory deficits and oxidative damage of brain tissue following seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in rats. Behav Brain Funct. 2020; 16: 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-020-00169-3
  • [27] Sivakumar S, Ghaseni M, Schachter SC. Targeting NMDA receptor complex in management of epilepsy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022; 15(10): 1297. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15101297
  • [28] Wang K, Liu Y, Shi Y, Yan M, Rengarajan T, Feng X. Amomum tsaoko fruit extract exerts anticonvulsant effects through suppression of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a pentylenetetrazole kindling model of epilepsy in mice. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021; 28: 4247-4254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.007
  • [29] Kandeda AK, Taiwe GS, Ayissi REM, Moutchida C. An aqueous extract of Canarium schweinfurthii attenuates seizures and potentiates sleep in mice: Evidence for involvement of GABA pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021; 142 (2021):111973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111973
  • [30] Wilcox KS, Gee JM, Gibbons MB, Tvrdik P, White JA. Altered structure and function of astrocytes following status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 2015; 49: 17-19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.002
  • [31] Jahan R, Yousaf M, Khan H, Bibi N, Ijaz M, Rehan T, Shah SA. ZOMEC via the p-Akt/nrf2 pathway restored PTZinduced oxidative stress-mediated memory dysfunction in mouse model. Biomed Res Int. 2022; 2022:8902262. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8902262
  • [32] Bardaweel SK, Muhammad MG, Ishaqat AA, Alsalamat HA, Bashatwah RM. Reactive oxygen species: the dual role in physiological and pathological conditions of human body. Eurasian J Med. 2018; 50(3):193-201. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.17397
  • [33] Mao C, Yuan J, Lv YB, Gao X, Yin ZX, Kraus VB, Luo JS, Chei CL, Matchar DB, Zeng Y, Shi XM. Associations between superoxide dismutase, malondiadehyde and all-cause mortality in older adults: a community-based cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2019; 19:104. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1109-z
  • [34] Sharifi-Rad M, Anil Kumar NV, Zucca P, Varoni EM, Dini L, Panzarini E, Rajkovic J, Tsouh Fokou PV, Azzini E, Peluso I, Prakash Mishra A, Nigam M, El Rayess Y, Beyrouthy ME, Polito L, Iriti M, Martins N, Martorell M, Docea AO, Setzer WN, Calina D, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Lifestyle, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: Back and forth in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Front Physiol. 2020; 11:694. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00694
  • [35] Tekin S, Seven E. (2021). Assessment of serum catalase, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activities and malondiadehyde levels in keratoconus patients. Eye. 2021; 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01753-1
  • [36] Borowicz-Reutt KK, Czuczwar, SJ. Role of oxidative stress in epileptogenesis and potential implications for therapy. Pharmacol Rep. 2020; 72(2020):1218-1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-020-00143-w
  • [37] Dingledine R, Varvel NH, Dudek FE. When and how do seizures kill neurons, and is cell death relevant to epileptogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014; 813:109-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8914-1_9
  • [38] Fujii J, Homma T, Osaki T. Superoxide radicals in the execution of cell death. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022; 11(3):501. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030501
  • [39] Eman ME, Walaa O, Mansour AA, Somaya S, Asmaa Y, Ayda M, Nedaa AK, Wardah AA, Abdulaziz MH. Effects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extracts in the rats model of epilepsy induced by pentylenetetrazole: Sirt-1, at crossroads between inflammation and apoptosis. J Integr Neurosci. 2022; 21(1): 21. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jin2101021
  • [40] Eigyo M, Shiomi T, Inoue Y. Pharmacological studies on a new dihydrothienopyridine calcium antagonist, S-312-d. 5th communication: Anticonvulsant effects in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1994; 65(2):175–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-5198(19)35778-6
  • [41] Bernt, E. and Bergmeyer, H. U. L- Glutamate UV-Assay with Glutamate Dehydrogenase and NAD. In: Bergmeyer, H. U (ed). Methods of Enzymatic Analysis vol. 6. Academic Press, New York.1965, Pp. 384-388.
  • [42] Lowe IP, Robins E, Eyerman GS. The fluorimetric measurement of glutamic decarboxylase and its distribution in brain. J Neurochem. 1958; 3: 8-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1958.tb12604.x
  • [43] Uchida T, O’Brein RD. The effects of hydrazines on rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, and gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA). Biochem Pharmacol. 1964; 13: 725-730. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(64)90008-5
  • [44] Sytinsky IA, Guzikov BM, Gomanko MV, Eremin VP, Konovalova NN. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in brain during acute and chronic ethanol intoxication. J Neurochem. 1975; 25:43-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb07691.x
  • [45] Wallin B, Rosengren B, Shertzer HG, Camejo G. Lipoprotein oxidation and measurement of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances formation in a single microliter plate. Its use for evaluation of antioxidants. Anal Biochem. 1993; 208: 10-15. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1993.1002
  • [46] Arthur JR, Boyne R. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in neutrophils from selenium deficient and copper deficient cattle. Life Sci. 1985; 36(16):1569-1575. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(85)90381-9
  • [47] Sinha AK. Calorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem. 1972; 47(2): 389-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003- 2697(72)90132-7
  • [48] King EJ, Wootton IDF. Micro-Analysis in Medical Biochemistry, third ed. London, Churchill, 1956; Pp.87-88.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 1056 - 1064, 28.06.2025

Sabastine Chinweike Ugwuoke Valentine Odirachukwumma Nwanelo Martins Obinna Ogugofor Obiora Celestine Ugwu Chioma Assumpta Anosike

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1] WHO fact sheet on epilepsy 2019. https://www.who.int. (accessed August 7, 2021).
  • [2] Kwon C, Wagner RG, Carpio A, Jette N, Newton CR. The worldwide epilepsy treatment gap: A systematic review and recommendations for revised definitions- a report from ILAE epidemiology commission. Epilepsia. 2022; 63 (3): 551-564. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17112
  • [3] Gupta P, Balasubramaniam N, Chang HY, Tseng FG, Santra TS. A single-neuron: Current trends and future prospects. Cells. 2020; 9(6):1528. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061528
  • [4] Zhang J. Basic neural units of the brain: Neurons, synapses and action potential. Neurons and Cognition. 2019; 1-38. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1906.01703
  • [5] Mladen V, Pal AF, Zdenka B, Ilangko B. Peer-to-peer communication in neural nano- network. IEEE Trans Commun. 2016; 64(3):1-1. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2016.2526657
  • [6] Farrell JS, Nguyen QA, Soltesz I. Resolving the micro-macro disconnect to address core features of seizure networks. Neuron. 2019; 101:1016-1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.043
  • [7] Sawsam MAA, Amjad NA, Fadwa T, Suleiman A, Ennaceur A, Paul LC. Anticonvulsant effects of Bongardia chrysogonum L. tuber in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model. Int J Pharmacol. 2018; 14(1):127-135. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2018.127.135
  • [8] Çiçek SS. Structure-dependent activity of natural GABA(A) receptor modulators. Molecules.2018;23(7): 1512. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071512
  • [9] Cheng T, Wallace DM, Ponteri B, Tuli M. Vallium without dependence? Individual GABAA receptor subtype contribution toward benzodiazepine addiction, tolerance and therapeutic effects. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018; 14:1351-1361. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S164307
  • [10] He L, Hu M, Li R, Zhao R., Fan L, He L, Lu F, Ye X, Huang Y, Wu C. Natural medicines for the treatment of epilepsy: Bioactive components, pharmacology and mechanism. Front Pharmacol. 2021; 22: 65-71. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.604040
  • [11] Onyenekwe PC, Okereke OE, Owolewa SO. Phytochemical screening and Effect of Musa paradisiaca stem extrude on rat haematological parameters. Curr Res J Biol Sci. 2013; 5(1): 26-29. https://doi.org/10.19026/crjbs.5.5468
  • [12] Alade G, Oladele A, Okpako E, Ajibesin K, Omowuwajo OR. A survey of plants used for family planning in Bayelsa state, southern Nigeria. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2018; 7(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5455/jice.20171202114930
  • [13] Gill, LS. Ethnomedicinal Uses of Plants in Nigeria. University of Benin press, Benin City, Nigeria, 1992; pp.169-170.
  • [14] Ajijolkewu KA, Ayoola AS, Agbabiaka TO, Zakariyah FR, Ahmed NR, Oyedele OJ and Sani A. A review of the ethnomedicinal, antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Musa paradisiaca (plantain). Bull Natl Res Cent. 2021; 45: 68. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00549-3
  • [15] Reddy AJ, Dubey AK, Handu SS, Sharma P, Mediratta PK, Ahmed QM, Jain S. Anticonvulsant and antioxidant efects of Musa sapientum stem extract on acute and chronic experimental models of epilepsy. Pharmacogn Res. 2018; 10(1):49-54. https://doi.org/10.4103/pr.pr_31_17
  • [16] Akpabio UD, Udiong DS, Akpakpan AE. The physicochemical characteristics of Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) and Banana (Musa sapientum) psuedostem wastes. Adv Nat Appl Sci. 2012; 6(2):167-172.
  • [17] Schachter SC. Translating Nature to Nurture: Back to the Future for “New” epilepsy therapies. Epilepsy Curr. 2015; 15:310‑312. https://doi.org/10.5698/1535-7511-15.6.310
  • [18] Fattorusso A, Matricardi S, Mencaroni E, Dell’isola GB, Cara GD, Striano P, Verrotti A. The pharmacoresistant epilepsy: An overview on existant and new emerging therapies. Front Neurol. 2021; 12:674483. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.674483
  • [19] Sarlo GL, Holton KF. Brain concentrations of glutamate and GABA in human epilepsy: A review. Seizure. 2021; 91 (2021): 213-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2021.06.028
  • [20] Sallard E, Letourneur D, Legendre P. Electrophysiology of ionotropic GABA receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021; 78: 5341-5370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03846-2
  • [21] Andersen JV, Markussen KH, Jakobsen E, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS, Rosenberg PA, Aldana BI. Glutamate metabolism and recycling at the excitatory synapse in health and neurodegeneration. Neuropharmacol. 2021; 196: 108719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108719
  • [22] Riche K, Lenard NR. Quercetin’s effects on glutamate cytotoxicity. Molecules. 2022; 27: 7620. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217620
  • [23] Hao F, Jia LH, Li XW, Zhang YR., Liu, XW. Garcinol upregulates GABAA and GAD65 expressions, modulates BDNFTrkB pathway to reduce seizures in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy. Med Sci Monit. 2016; 22: 4415. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.897579
  • [24] Tadayuki S, Kanato Y. Pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling mouse model. J Vis Exp. 2018; 136:56573. https://doi.org/10.3791/56573
  • [25] Absalom NL, Liao VWY, Johannesen KMH, Gardella E, Jacobs J, Lesca G, Gokce-Samar Z, Arzimanoglou A, Zeidler S, Striano P, Meyer P, Benkel-Herrenbrueck I, Mero IL, Rummel J, Chebib M, Møller RS, Ahring PK. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function GABRB3 variants lead to distinct clinical phenotyps in patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Nat Commun. 2022; 13:1822. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29280-x
  • [26] Mahoudi T, Lorigooini Z, Rafieian-kopeai M, Arabi, M, Rabiel Z, Bijad E, Kazemi S. Effect of Curcuma zedoaria hydroalcoholic extract on learning, memory deficits and oxidative damage of brain tissue following seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in rats. Behav Brain Funct. 2020; 16: 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-020-00169-3
  • [27] Sivakumar S, Ghaseni M, Schachter SC. Targeting NMDA receptor complex in management of epilepsy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022; 15(10): 1297. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15101297
  • [28] Wang K, Liu Y, Shi Y, Yan M, Rengarajan T, Feng X. Amomum tsaoko fruit extract exerts anticonvulsant effects through suppression of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a pentylenetetrazole kindling model of epilepsy in mice. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021; 28: 4247-4254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.007
  • [29] Kandeda AK, Taiwe GS, Ayissi REM, Moutchida C. An aqueous extract of Canarium schweinfurthii attenuates seizures and potentiates sleep in mice: Evidence for involvement of GABA pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021; 142 (2021):111973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111973
  • [30] Wilcox KS, Gee JM, Gibbons MB, Tvrdik P, White JA. Altered structure and function of astrocytes following status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 2015; 49: 17-19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.002
  • [31] Jahan R, Yousaf M, Khan H, Bibi N, Ijaz M, Rehan T, Shah SA. ZOMEC via the p-Akt/nrf2 pathway restored PTZinduced oxidative stress-mediated memory dysfunction in mouse model. Biomed Res Int. 2022; 2022:8902262. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8902262
  • [32] Bardaweel SK, Muhammad MG, Ishaqat AA, Alsalamat HA, Bashatwah RM. Reactive oxygen species: the dual role in physiological and pathological conditions of human body. Eurasian J Med. 2018; 50(3):193-201. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.17397
  • [33] Mao C, Yuan J, Lv YB, Gao X, Yin ZX, Kraus VB, Luo JS, Chei CL, Matchar DB, Zeng Y, Shi XM. Associations between superoxide dismutase, malondiadehyde and all-cause mortality in older adults: a community-based cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2019; 19:104. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1109-z
  • [34] Sharifi-Rad M, Anil Kumar NV, Zucca P, Varoni EM, Dini L, Panzarini E, Rajkovic J, Tsouh Fokou PV, Azzini E, Peluso I, Prakash Mishra A, Nigam M, El Rayess Y, Beyrouthy ME, Polito L, Iriti M, Martins N, Martorell M, Docea AO, Setzer WN, Calina D, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Lifestyle, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: Back and forth in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Front Physiol. 2020; 11:694. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00694
  • [35] Tekin S, Seven E. (2021). Assessment of serum catalase, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activities and malondiadehyde levels in keratoconus patients. Eye. 2021; 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01753-1
  • [36] Borowicz-Reutt KK, Czuczwar, SJ. Role of oxidative stress in epileptogenesis and potential implications for therapy. Pharmacol Rep. 2020; 72(2020):1218-1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-020-00143-w
  • [37] Dingledine R, Varvel NH, Dudek FE. When and how do seizures kill neurons, and is cell death relevant to epileptogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014; 813:109-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8914-1_9
  • [38] Fujii J, Homma T, Osaki T. Superoxide radicals in the execution of cell death. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022; 11(3):501. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030501
  • [39] Eman ME, Walaa O, Mansour AA, Somaya S, Asmaa Y, Ayda M, Nedaa AK, Wardah AA, Abdulaziz MH. Effects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extracts in the rats model of epilepsy induced by pentylenetetrazole: Sirt-1, at crossroads between inflammation and apoptosis. J Integr Neurosci. 2022; 21(1): 21. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jin2101021
  • [40] Eigyo M, Shiomi T, Inoue Y. Pharmacological studies on a new dihydrothienopyridine calcium antagonist, S-312-d. 5th communication: Anticonvulsant effects in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1994; 65(2):175–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-5198(19)35778-6
  • [41] Bernt, E. and Bergmeyer, H. U. L- Glutamate UV-Assay with Glutamate Dehydrogenase and NAD. In: Bergmeyer, H. U (ed). Methods of Enzymatic Analysis vol. 6. Academic Press, New York.1965, Pp. 384-388.
  • [42] Lowe IP, Robins E, Eyerman GS. The fluorimetric measurement of glutamic decarboxylase and its distribution in brain. J Neurochem. 1958; 3: 8-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1958.tb12604.x
  • [43] Uchida T, O’Brein RD. The effects of hydrazines on rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, and gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA). Biochem Pharmacol. 1964; 13: 725-730. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(64)90008-5
  • [44] Sytinsky IA, Guzikov BM, Gomanko MV, Eremin VP, Konovalova NN. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in brain during acute and chronic ethanol intoxication. J Neurochem. 1975; 25:43-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb07691.x
  • [45] Wallin B, Rosengren B, Shertzer HG, Camejo G. Lipoprotein oxidation and measurement of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances formation in a single microliter plate. Its use for evaluation of antioxidants. Anal Biochem. 1993; 208: 10-15. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1993.1002
  • [46] Arthur JR, Boyne R. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in neutrophils from selenium deficient and copper deficient cattle. Life Sci. 1985; 36(16):1569-1575. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(85)90381-9
  • [47] Sinha AK. Calorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem. 1972; 47(2): 389-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003- 2697(72)90132-7
  • [48] King EJ, Wootton IDF. Micro-Analysis in Medical Biochemistry, third ed. London, Churchill, 1956; Pp.87-88.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık Biyokimyası
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Sabastine Chinweike Ugwuoke

Valentine Odirachukwumma Nwanelo

Martins Obinna Ogugofor

Obiora Celestine Ugwu

Chioma Assumpta Anosike

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ugwuoke, S. C., Nwanelo, V. O., Ogugofor, M. O., Ugwu, O. C., vd. (2025). Antiepileptic Effect of Musa paradisiaca Stem Juice on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced Seizures in Albino Rats. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(3), 1056-1064.
AMA Ugwuoke SC, Nwanelo VO, Ogugofor MO, Ugwu OC, Anosike CA. Antiepileptic Effect of Musa paradisiaca Stem Juice on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced Seizures in Albino Rats. J. Res. Pharm. Haziran 2025;27(3):1056-1064.
Chicago Ugwuoke, Sabastine Chinweike, Valentine Odirachukwumma Nwanelo, Martins Obinna Ogugofor, Obiora Celestine Ugwu, ve Chioma Assumpta Anosike. “Antiepileptic Effect of Musa Paradisiaca Stem Juice on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-Induced Seizures in Albino Rats”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27, sy. 3 (Haziran 2025): 1056-64.
EndNote Ugwuoke SC, Nwanelo VO, Ogugofor MO, Ugwu OC, Anosike CA (01 Haziran 2025) Antiepileptic Effect of Musa paradisiaca Stem Juice on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced Seizures in Albino Rats. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 3 1056–1064.
IEEE S. C. Ugwuoke, V. O. Nwanelo, M. O. Ogugofor, O. C. Ugwu, ve C. A. Anosike, “Antiepileptic Effect of Musa paradisiaca Stem Juice on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced Seizures in Albino Rats”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 27, sy. 3, ss. 1056–1064, 2025.
ISNAD Ugwuoke, Sabastine Chinweike vd. “Antiepileptic Effect of Musa Paradisiaca Stem Juice on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-Induced Seizures in Albino Rats”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/3 (Haziran 2025), 1056-1064.
JAMA Ugwuoke SC, Nwanelo VO, Ogugofor MO, Ugwu OC, Anosike CA. Antiepileptic Effect of Musa paradisiaca Stem Juice on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced Seizures in Albino Rats. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:1056–1064.
MLA Ugwuoke, Sabastine Chinweike vd. “Antiepileptic Effect of Musa Paradisiaca Stem Juice on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-Induced Seizures in Albino Rats”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 27, sy. 3, 2025, ss. 1056-64.
Vancouver Ugwuoke SC, Nwanelo VO, Ogugofor MO, Ugwu OC, Anosike CA. Antiepileptic Effect of Musa paradisiaca Stem Juice on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced Seizures in Albino Rats. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(3):1056-64.