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SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates, 21 - 27, 28.06.2025

Beril Anilanmert Gülten Rayimoglu Fatma Cavus Yonar

Öz

It is not certain or an estimated result that everyone will catch COVID 19 in the pandemic period, however it is certain that mass vaccination has been applied to individuals without knowing if they would catch COVID 19. In most of the literature studies, the vaccinated people were compared with the infected ones who were registered to a hospital. What about the people who were not infected because of working/living in isolated conditions with necessary precautions, or the ones who were mildly infected but not registered and healed on foot? Regardless of this foresight, we cannot comment as if all unvaccinated individuals will be infected with COVID 19 and has more risk of developing myocarditis than vaccinated. So new studies are needed with different universes as “vaccinated” and “unvaccinated” to be statistically evaluated. At that time the results will probably reverse.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vaccination for coronavirus infection Side effects of COVID-19 vaccine Adverse events Graphene oxide toxicity mRNA/vector/VLP based technologies

Kaynakça

  • [1] Crommelynck S, Thill P. Pharmacovigilance for COVID-19 vaccines: A 1-year experience in France. Infect Dis Now. 2022; 52(8S): S16-S18. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Li X, Yuan H, Li X, Wang H. Spike protein mediated membrane fusion during SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol. 2023;95(1):e28212. [CrossRef]
  • [3] Perez JC, Moret-Chalmin C, Montagnier L. Emergence of a new Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: 26 cases of the human version of mad-cow disease, days after a COVID19 Injection. Int J Vaccine Theory Pract Research. 2023; 3(1): 727-770. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Kyriakopoulos AM, Nigh G, McCullough PA, Seneff S. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, p53, and autophagy inhibition characterize the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein induced neurotoxicity. Cureus. 2022;14(12):e32361. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Seneff S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Nigh G, McCullough PA. A potential role of the spike protein in neurodegenerative diseases: A narrative review. Cureus. 2023;15(2):e34872. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Lazebnik Y. Cell fusion as a link between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, COVID19 complications, and vaccine side effects. Oncotarget. 2021; 12(25):2476-2488. [CrossRef]
  • [7] World Health Organization (WHO). www.who.int (accessed June 22, 2021)
  • [8] Kara A, Coskun A, Temel F, Özelci P, Topal S, Ates İ. Self-reported allergic adverse events following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (TURKOVAC™) among general and high-risk population. Vaccines (Basel). 2023;11(2): 437. [CrossRef]
  • [9] EUROMOMO. https://euromomo.eu/dev‐404‐page/ (accessed December 24, 2022).
  • [10] Karlstad Ø, Hovi P, Husby A, Härkänen T, Selmer RM, Pihlström N, Hansen JV, Nohynek H, Gunnes N, Sundström A, Wohlfahrt J, Nieminen TA, Grünewald M, Gulseth HL, Hviid A, Ljung R. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and myocarditis in a Nordic cohort study of 23 million residents. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(6): 600-612. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Nafilyan V, Bermingham C. COVID-19 vaccination and mortality in young people during the coronavirus pandemic, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/ healthandsocialcare/causesofdeath/datasets/deathsfollowingcovid19vaccinatio ninyoungpeopleduringthecoronavisuscovid19pandemicengland (accessed April 3,2023).
  • [12] Monschein T, Hartung HP, Zrzavyl T, Barnett M, Boxberger N, Berger T, Chataway J, Bar-Or A, Rommer PS, Zettl UK. Vaccination and multiple sclerosis in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021;92:1033–1043. [CrossRef] [13] Al-Aly Z, Bowe B, Xie Y. Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-Co-V-2 infection. Nat Med. 2022;28:1461–1467. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Chen Y, Xu Z, Wang P, Li XM, Shuai ZW, Ye DQ, Pan HF. New-onset autoimmune phenomena post-COVID-19 vaccination. Immunology. 2022;165(4):386-401. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Luo H, Li X, Ren Q, Zhou Y, Chen G, Zhao B, Li X. Acute kidney injury after COVID-19 vaccines: a real-world study. Ren Fail. 2022;44(1):958-965. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Lindsley AW, Schwartz JT, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophil responses during COVID-19 infections and coronavirus vaccination. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146:1-7. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Zare H, Rezapour H, Mahmoodzadeh S, Fereidouni M. Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccines (Sputnik V, AZD-1222, and Covaxin) side effects among healthcare workers in Birjand city Iran. Int immunopharmacol. 2021;101: 108351. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Young RO. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveals graphene oxide in CoV-19 vaccines. Acta Sci Med Sci. 2022;6(8):2582-0931.
  • [19] Lee YM, Park S, Jeon KY. Foreign materials in blood samples of recipients of COVID-19 vaccines. Int J Vaccine Theory Pract Res. 2022;2(1): 249–265. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Luisetto M, Almukthar N, Tarro G, Ahmadabadi NB, Edbey KEK, Khan FA, Hamid GA, Fiazza C, Cabianca L, Ilman I, Rafa YA, Rasool MG, Prince GG, Yurevich O. Graphene and derivates: Physico-chemical and toxicology properties in the mRNA vaccine manifacturing strategy. Sci World J Pharm Sci. 2022;1(2):1- 23.
  • [21] Zhang L, Richards AM, Barrasa MI, Hughes SH, Young RA, Jaenisch R. Reversetranscribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient-derived tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(21):e2105968118. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Chandramouly G, Zhao J, McDevitt S, Rusanov T, Hoang T, Borisonnik N, Treddinick T, Lopezcolorado FW, Kent T, Siddique LA, Mallon J, Huhn J, Shoda Z, Kashkina E, Brambati A, Stark JM, Chen XS, Pomerantz RT. Polθ reverse transcribes RNA and promotes RNA-templated DNA repair. Sci Adv. 2021; 7(24): eabf1771. [CrossRef]

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates, 21 - 27, 28.06.2025

Beril Anilanmert Gülten Rayimoglu Fatma Cavus Yonar

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Crommelynck S, Thill P. Pharmacovigilance for COVID-19 vaccines: A 1-year experience in France. Infect Dis Now. 2022; 52(8S): S16-S18. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Li X, Yuan H, Li X, Wang H. Spike protein mediated membrane fusion during SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol. 2023;95(1):e28212. [CrossRef]
  • [3] Perez JC, Moret-Chalmin C, Montagnier L. Emergence of a new Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: 26 cases of the human version of mad-cow disease, days after a COVID19 Injection. Int J Vaccine Theory Pract Research. 2023; 3(1): 727-770. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Kyriakopoulos AM, Nigh G, McCullough PA, Seneff S. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, p53, and autophagy inhibition characterize the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein induced neurotoxicity. Cureus. 2022;14(12):e32361. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Seneff S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Nigh G, McCullough PA. A potential role of the spike protein in neurodegenerative diseases: A narrative review. Cureus. 2023;15(2):e34872. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Lazebnik Y. Cell fusion as a link between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, COVID19 complications, and vaccine side effects. Oncotarget. 2021; 12(25):2476-2488. [CrossRef]
  • [7] World Health Organization (WHO). www.who.int (accessed June 22, 2021)
  • [8] Kara A, Coskun A, Temel F, Özelci P, Topal S, Ates İ. Self-reported allergic adverse events following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (TURKOVAC™) among general and high-risk population. Vaccines (Basel). 2023;11(2): 437. [CrossRef]
  • [9] EUROMOMO. https://euromomo.eu/dev‐404‐page/ (accessed December 24, 2022).
  • [10] Karlstad Ø, Hovi P, Husby A, Härkänen T, Selmer RM, Pihlström N, Hansen JV, Nohynek H, Gunnes N, Sundström A, Wohlfahrt J, Nieminen TA, Grünewald M, Gulseth HL, Hviid A, Ljung R. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and myocarditis in a Nordic cohort study of 23 million residents. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(6): 600-612. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Nafilyan V, Bermingham C. COVID-19 vaccination and mortality in young people during the coronavirus pandemic, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/ healthandsocialcare/causesofdeath/datasets/deathsfollowingcovid19vaccinatio ninyoungpeopleduringthecoronavisuscovid19pandemicengland (accessed April 3,2023).
  • [12] Monschein T, Hartung HP, Zrzavyl T, Barnett M, Boxberger N, Berger T, Chataway J, Bar-Or A, Rommer PS, Zettl UK. Vaccination and multiple sclerosis in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021;92:1033–1043. [CrossRef] [13] Al-Aly Z, Bowe B, Xie Y. Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-Co-V-2 infection. Nat Med. 2022;28:1461–1467. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Chen Y, Xu Z, Wang P, Li XM, Shuai ZW, Ye DQ, Pan HF. New-onset autoimmune phenomena post-COVID-19 vaccination. Immunology. 2022;165(4):386-401. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Luo H, Li X, Ren Q, Zhou Y, Chen G, Zhao B, Li X. Acute kidney injury after COVID-19 vaccines: a real-world study. Ren Fail. 2022;44(1):958-965. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Lindsley AW, Schwartz JT, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophil responses during COVID-19 infections and coronavirus vaccination. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146:1-7. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Zare H, Rezapour H, Mahmoodzadeh S, Fereidouni M. Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccines (Sputnik V, AZD-1222, and Covaxin) side effects among healthcare workers in Birjand city Iran. Int immunopharmacol. 2021;101: 108351. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Young RO. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveals graphene oxide in CoV-19 vaccines. Acta Sci Med Sci. 2022;6(8):2582-0931.
  • [19] Lee YM, Park S, Jeon KY. Foreign materials in blood samples of recipients of COVID-19 vaccines. Int J Vaccine Theory Pract Res. 2022;2(1): 249–265. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Luisetto M, Almukthar N, Tarro G, Ahmadabadi NB, Edbey KEK, Khan FA, Hamid GA, Fiazza C, Cabianca L, Ilman I, Rafa YA, Rasool MG, Prince GG, Yurevich O. Graphene and derivates: Physico-chemical and toxicology properties in the mRNA vaccine manifacturing strategy. Sci World J Pharm Sci. 2022;1(2):1- 23.
  • [21] Zhang L, Richards AM, Barrasa MI, Hughes SH, Young RA, Jaenisch R. Reversetranscribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient-derived tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(21):e2105968118. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Chandramouly G, Zhao J, McDevitt S, Rusanov T, Hoang T, Borisonnik N, Treddinick T, Lopezcolorado FW, Kent T, Siddique LA, Mallon J, Huhn J, Shoda Z, Kashkina E, Brambati A, Stark JM, Chen XS, Pomerantz RT. Polθ reverse transcribes RNA and promotes RNA-templated DNA repair. Sci Adv. 2021; 7(24): eabf1771. [CrossRef]
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Beril Anilanmert 0000-0002-5886-2530

Gülten Rayimoglu 0000-0002-7572-1019

Fatma Cavus Yonar

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 27 Sayı: Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates

Kaynak Göster

APA Anilanmert, B., Rayimoglu, G., & Cavus Yonar, F. (2025). SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates), 21-27.
AMA Anilanmert B, Rayimoglu G, Cavus Yonar F. SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE. J. Res. Pharm. Temmuz 2025;27(Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates):21-27.
Chicago Anilanmert, Beril, Gülten Rayimoglu, ve Fatma Cavus Yonar. “SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27, sy. Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates (Temmuz 2025): 21-27.
EndNote Anilanmert B, Rayimoglu G, Cavus Yonar F (01 Temmuz 2025) SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates 21–27.
IEEE B. Anilanmert, G. Rayimoglu, ve F. Cavus Yonar, “SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE”, J. Res. Pharm., c. 27, sy. Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates, ss. 21–27, 2025.
ISNAD Anilanmert, Beril vd. “SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates (Temmuz 2025), 21-27.
JAMA Anilanmert B, Rayimoglu G, Cavus Yonar F. SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:21–27.
MLA Anilanmert, Beril vd. “SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, c. 27, sy. Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates, 2025, ss. 21-27.
Vancouver Anilanmert B, Rayimoglu G, Cavus Yonar F. SIDE EFFECTS OF COVID VACCINES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRAPHENE. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(Current Research Topıcs In Pharmacy: Pharmacology Debates):21-7.