Öz
This article examines T. S. Eliot’s poetry, showing how it serves as a significant precursor to post-postmodern sensibilities. Grounded in symbolic language and rich allusions, Eliot’s poetry still manages to convey genuine emotions, providing a thoughtful and honest reflection on human experience and cultural dislocation. His depiction of disillusionment isn’t without hope; instead, it creates a space for readers to discover connection, meaning, and purpose even in times of cultural and spiritual uncertainty. Eliot empowers his audience to help piece together meaning from the fragments, establishing his work as a timeless link between individual experiences and universal human truths. By skillfully blending complexity with accessibility, Eliot’s work continues to resonate through the ages, establishing him as a key figure in the literary landscape. Although T.S. Eliot’s poem “The Waste Land” is widely recognized as a pivotal work of modernism, it also anticipates the emergence of post-postmodernism. Theories discussed provide the theoretical framework for the research, and the arguments presented are grounded in textual references. By analyzing the selected poem, the study reveals how Eliot weaves together symbolic complexity, fragmented structures, and cultural references, all while maintaining a striking emotional honesty and a beautifully crafted lyrical voice. The approach here blends literary analysis with a post-postmodern theoretical lens and focuses on the reader to underscore how they actively shape meaning. The article argues that while Eliot’s poetry is firmly grounded in modernist aesthetics, it creates a reading experience that invites personal engagement and rekindles hope in the face of disillusionment, traits that resonate strongly with the spirit of post-postmodern literature.
Anahtar Kelimeler
T.S.Eliot The Waste Land modernism postmodernism post-postmodernism
Kaynakça
- Abrams, M, H. (1962). The Norton anthology of English literature. vol.2, New York: Norton.
- Anderson, P. (1998). The origins of postmodernity. London: Verso.
- Baxter, J. (2009). Case studies in reading 1: key primary literary texts. Tew, P. & Murray, A. (Eds.). The modernism handbook, 66-89.
- Beasley, R. (2007). Theorists of modernist poetry: T.S. Eliot, T.E. Hulme, Ezra Pound. Oxon: Routledge.
- Bennett, A., Royle, N. (2004). An introduction to literature, criticism and theory. London: Pearson.
- Bradley, F.H. (1897) Appearance and reality: A metaphysical essay. London: George Allen and Unwin.
- Daiches, D. (1969). Poetry and the modern world: A study of poetry in England between 1900 and 1939. New York: Biblo and Tannen.
- Eco, U. (1992). Açık yapıt. (Şahan, Y. Trans.). İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınları.
- Eliot, T. S. (1921). The metaphysical poets. Selected essays, 241(250), 17-35.
- Eliot, T, S. (1934). After strange gods. London: Faber and Faber Limited.
- Eliot, T, S. (1948). Notes towards the definition of culture. London: Faber and Faber Limited.
- Eliot, T, S. (1964a). The use of poetry and the use of criticism. London: Faber and Faber. Limited.
- Eliot, T.S. (1964b) Knowledge and experience in the philosophy of F.H. Bradley. London: Faber.
- Eliot, T.S. (1975). The metaphysical poets. Kermode, F. (Ed.), Selected Prose of T.S. Eliot. London: Faber and Faber, pp.59-67.
- Eliot, T.S. (1980). Selected essays. London: Faber.
- Eliot, T, S. (1982). Tradition and the individual talent. Perspecta, (19), 36-42.
- Green, J. (2005). Late postmodernism: American fiction at the millennium. Palgrave Macmillan. US.
- Hassan, I. (1986). Pluralism in postmodern perspective. Critical Inquiry, 12(3), 503-520.
- Hulme, T.E. (1994). The collected writings of T.E. Hulme. Csengeri, K. (Ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Knight, W. (1949). The wheel of fire. London: Butler and Tanner.
- Konstantinou, L. (2016). Cool characters: Irony and American fiction. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Kowalik, G. (2023). Digging up the past, complicating the present, and damaging the future: Post-Postmodernism and the postracial in percival everett’s the trees. Humanities, 12(4), 1-12.
- Moody, A, D. (Ed.) (1994). The Cambridge companion to T.S. Eliot. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Nealon, J. T. (2012). Post-Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Just-in-Time Capitalism. Redwood City: Stanford University Press.
- Perkins, D. (1976). A history of modern poetry: From 1890s to Pound, Eliot, and Yeats. London: Cambridge University Press.
- Rainey, L. (Ed.) (2006). The annotated waste land with Eliot’s contemporary prose. New Haven: Yale University Press. 57-70.
- Sartre, J, P. (2001). Jean-Paul Sartre: Basic writings. London: Routledge.
- Savvas, T., Coffman, C.K. (2019). American fiction after postmodernism. Taylor &Francis Group, 33, (2), 195-212.
- Smith, R, G. (2011). Postmodernism and the affective turn. Twentieth Century Literature, 57(3), 423–446. Timmer, N. (2010). Do you feel it too?: The post-postmodern syndrome in American fiction at the turn of the millennium. The Netherlands: Rodopi.
- Wilber, K. (2000). Integral psychology. Boston: Shambhala Publications.
- Williams, R. (1976). Culture and society, 1780-1950. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Young, A. (1982). Considering values: The poetic function of language. (Ed). Connections Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. 77-97.
Öz
Bu makale T. S. Eliot’ın şiirini ve şiirin post-postmodern duyarlılıklara nasıl önemli bir öncü olarak hizmet ettiğini gösteriyor. Sembolik dil ve zengin göndermelerle temellendirilen Eliot’ın şiiri, gerçek duyguları aktarmayı başarıyor ve insan deneyimi ve kültürel yerinden edilme üzerine düşünceli ve dürüst bir yansıma sağlıyor. Hayal kırıklığı tasviri umutsuz değil; bunun yerine, okuyucuların kültürel ve ruhsal belirsizlik zamanlarında bile bağlantı, anlam ve amaç keşfetmeleri için bir alan yaratıyor. Eliot, izleyicilerini parçalardan anlam çıkarmaya yardımcı olmaları için güçlendiriyor ve eserini bireysel deneyimler ve evrensel insan gerçekleri arasında zamansız bir bağlantı olarak kuruyor. Eliot’ın eseri, karmaşıklığı erişilebilirlikle ustaca harmanlayarak çağlar boyunca yankılanmaya devam ediyor ve onu edebiyat dünyasında önemli bir figür olarak konumlandırıyor. T. S. Eliot’ın “The Waste Land” şiiri, yaygın olarak modernizmin temel bir eseri olarak kabul edilse de aynı zamanda post-postmodernizmin ortaya çıkışını da öngörüyor. Tartışılan teoriler araştırma için teorik çerçeveyi sağlar ve sunulan argümanlar metinsel referanslara dayanır. Seçilen şiiri analiz ederek çalışma, Eliot’ın sembolik karmaşıklığı, parçalanmış yapıları ve kültürel referansları çarpıcı bir duygusal dürüstlük ve güzelce işlenmiş bir lirik sesi korurken nasıl bir araya getirdiğini ortaya koyuyor. Buradaki yaklaşım edebi analizi post-postmodern teorik bir mercekle harmanlıyor ve ayrıca okuyucuya odaklanarak onların anlamı nasıl aktif olarak şekillendirdiklerini vurguluyor. Makale, Eliot’ın şiirinin sağlam bir şekilde modernist estetikte temellendiğini, ancak kişisel katılımı teşvik eden ve hayal kırıklıklarına karşı umudu yeniden canlandıran bir okuma deneyimi yarattığını ve bunların post-postmodern edebiyatın ruhuyla güçlü bir şekilde örtüşen özellikler olduğunu savunuyor.
Anahtar Kelimeler
T.S.Eliot The Waste Land modernizm postmodernizm post-postmodernizm
Kaynakça
- Abrams, M, H. (1962). The Norton anthology of English literature. vol.2, New York: Norton.
- Anderson, P. (1998). The origins of postmodernity. London: Verso.
- Baxter, J. (2009). Case studies in reading 1: key primary literary texts. Tew, P. & Murray, A. (Eds.). The modernism handbook, 66-89.
- Beasley, R. (2007). Theorists of modernist poetry: T.S. Eliot, T.E. Hulme, Ezra Pound. Oxon: Routledge.
- Bennett, A., Royle, N. (2004). An introduction to literature, criticism and theory. London: Pearson.
- Bradley, F.H. (1897) Appearance and reality: A metaphysical essay. London: George Allen and Unwin.
- Daiches, D. (1969). Poetry and the modern world: A study of poetry in England between 1900 and 1939. New York: Biblo and Tannen.
- Eco, U. (1992). Açık yapıt. (Şahan, Y. Trans.). İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınları.
- Eliot, T. S. (1921). The metaphysical poets. Selected essays, 241(250), 17-35.
- Eliot, T, S. (1934). After strange gods. London: Faber and Faber Limited.
- Eliot, T, S. (1948). Notes towards the definition of culture. London: Faber and Faber Limited.
- Eliot, T, S. (1964a). The use of poetry and the use of criticism. London: Faber and Faber. Limited.
- Eliot, T.S. (1964b) Knowledge and experience in the philosophy of F.H. Bradley. London: Faber.
- Eliot, T.S. (1975). The metaphysical poets. Kermode, F. (Ed.), Selected Prose of T.S. Eliot. London: Faber and Faber, pp.59-67.
- Eliot, T.S. (1980). Selected essays. London: Faber.
- Eliot, T, S. (1982). Tradition and the individual talent. Perspecta, (19), 36-42.
- Green, J. (2005). Late postmodernism: American fiction at the millennium. Palgrave Macmillan. US.
- Hassan, I. (1986). Pluralism in postmodern perspective. Critical Inquiry, 12(3), 503-520.
- Hulme, T.E. (1994). The collected writings of T.E. Hulme. Csengeri, K. (Ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Knight, W. (1949). The wheel of fire. London: Butler and Tanner.
- Konstantinou, L. (2016). Cool characters: Irony and American fiction. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Kowalik, G. (2023). Digging up the past, complicating the present, and damaging the future: Post-Postmodernism and the postracial in percival everett’s the trees. Humanities, 12(4), 1-12.
- Moody, A, D. (Ed.) (1994). The Cambridge companion to T.S. Eliot. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Nealon, J. T. (2012). Post-Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Just-in-Time Capitalism. Redwood City: Stanford University Press.
- Perkins, D. (1976). A history of modern poetry: From 1890s to Pound, Eliot, and Yeats. London: Cambridge University Press.
- Rainey, L. (Ed.) (2006). The annotated waste land with Eliot’s contemporary prose. New Haven: Yale University Press. 57-70.
- Sartre, J, P. (2001). Jean-Paul Sartre: Basic writings. London: Routledge.
- Savvas, T., Coffman, C.K. (2019). American fiction after postmodernism. Taylor &Francis Group, 33, (2), 195-212.
- Smith, R, G. (2011). Postmodernism and the affective turn. Twentieth Century Literature, 57(3), 423–446. Timmer, N. (2010). Do you feel it too?: The post-postmodern syndrome in American fiction at the turn of the millennium. The Netherlands: Rodopi.
- Wilber, K. (2000). Integral psychology. Boston: Shambhala Publications.
- Williams, R. (1976). Culture and society, 1780-1950. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Young, A. (1982). Considering values: The poetic function of language. (Ed). Connections Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. 77-97.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Edebiyat Sosyolojisi, Modernleşme Sosyolojisi |
| Bölüm | İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 18 Temmuz 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 8 Ocak 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 16 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3 |
