Araştırma Makalesi
The Impact of Psychological Comfort and Perception of Loneliness on Cyberloafing Behaviors in Organizations: A Field Study on Tourism Enterprises
Öz
The utilization of technical resources and the internet for personal endeavors by employees during work hours leads to cyberloafing, adversely impacting their productivity and perhaps causing numerous personal and institutional problems. This study seeks to assess the influence of employees' cyberloafing practices on feelings of loneliness and psychological comfort in the hotel industry. We gathered research data from personnel at multiple five-star hotels in Antalya in this regard. Surveys were administered to 290 persons via face-to-face interviews. We eliminated 47 surveys because of incomplete responses, resulting in 243 surveys available for examination. The research analysis indicated that the sense of workplace loneliness positively and significantly influences cyberloafing activities while negatively and significantly affecting psychological comfort levels. To improve understanding and provide new ideas, it is helpful for business managers to look at how employees engage in cyberloafing and identify what makes it worse, so they can create effective strategies and solutions. Furthermore, to mitigate feelings of isolation and the adverse psychological effects associated with cyberloafing, it is advisable to cultivate a robust communication network between employees and management, facilitate collaborative teamwork, and establish conducive environments that promote safety and well-being for employees.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cyber loafing Psychological comfort Perception of loneliness Tourism.
Kaynakça
- Ahmadi, A. (2022). An examination of the relationship between social media addiction and loneliness in central Afghanistan (Master's Thesis). Selçuk University Institute of Social Sciences, Konya.
- Ayyagari, R., Grover, V., Faraj, S. (2011). The interactive effects of online social networking on employee productivity. Information Systems Research, 22(3), 611-623.
- Blanchard, A. L., Henle, C. A. (2008). Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: the role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 1067-1084.
- Boswell, W. R., Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2007). The role of communication in managing work-life boundaries: an exploration of the nature of the virtual workplace. Journal of Management, 33(6), 1556-1581.
- Çiçeklioğlu, H. (2023). The effects of sustainable leadership on organizational learning capacity and work-family conflict: a field study. Journal of Tourism Economics and Business Research, 5(1), 119-133.
- Derin, N., Tuna, H. (2021). The mediating role of trust in the effect of perceived justice in human resources practices on psychological comfort in hotel businesses. Anemon Muş Alparslan University Journal of Social Sciences, 9(5), 1333-1352.
- Dimmock, K. (2008). Comfort in adventure: The role of comfort, constraints, and negotiation in recreational SCUBA diving. Southern Cross University, PhD Thesis, Lismore.
- Doğan, B., Koç, S. (2021). The impact of loneliness on cyberloafing: the role of psychological comfort. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 13(2), 57-67.
- Dollard, M. F., Tuckey, M. R., Dormann, C. (2012). Psychosocial safety climate moderates the job demand–resource interaction in predicting workgroup distress. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 45, 694-704.
- Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-384.
- Erbaşı, A. (2019). The effect of social capital on cyberloafing behaviors of employees in accommodation businesses. Çatalhöyük International Journal of Tourism and Social Research, (4), 25-31.
- Erkuş, A. (2013). The scientific research process for behavioral sciences: intellectual preparation for research and inquiries about science and scientific methods. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
- Genç, Y., Seyyar, A. (2010). Social service terms. Dictionary of "social pedagogical work." Sakarya: Sakarya Publishing House.
- Genç, Y., Durğun, A., Kara, H. Z., Çakır, R. (2018). The effects of internet usage on university students' perceptions of loneliness. Journal of Academic Reviews, 13(2), 301-336.
- Güçlü Nergiz, H. (2015). The impact of error management on psychological safety, organizational performance, and organizational learning in hotel businesses. Anatolia: Journal of Tourism Research, 26(2), 221-237.
- Gürbüz, S., Şahin, F. (2014). Research methods in social sciences, philosophy-method analysis. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
- Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness (15th anniversary ed.). New York: Delta Trade Paperback.
- Kahn, R. L., Byosiere, P. (1992). Stress in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., pp. 571–650). California: Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Kalıpçı, M. B. (2014). The effect of best human resources practices on organizational trust in accommodation businesses: The case of Manavgat (Master's Thesis). Akdeniz University Institute of Social Sciences, Antalya.
- Karasar, N. (2014). Scientific Research Methods. Ankara: Nobel Publishing Distribution.
- Khan, A., Naveed, T., Raheem, F., Sheraz, F., Awan, S. H. (2023). Employees' cyberloafing and performance in the telecom sector of Pakistan: the mediating role of psychological well-being and the moderating role of internal locus of control. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7(4), 794-812.
- Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guildford Press.
- Leroy, H. (2013). Exploring the relationship between psychological safety and employee performance in the workplace. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 28-36.
- Lim, V. K. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: cyberloafing, neutralizing, and organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(5), 675-694.
- Lim, V. K., Teo, T. S. (2005). Prevalence, perceived seriousness, justification, and regulation of cyberloafing in Singapore: an exploratory study. Information & Management, 42(8), 1081-1093.
- Mills, G. E., Gay, L. R. (2019). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. London: Pearson.
- Newman, A., Donohue, R., Eva, N. (2017). Psychological safety: A systematic review of the literature. Human Resource Management Review, 27, 521-535.
- Pangani, J., Munyenyembe, B. (2024). The impact of stress and loneliness on cyberloafing of health workers in Malawi: the moderating role of age. African Journal of Empirical Research, 5(3), 640–648.
- Perlman, D., Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 31-56). Berlin: Springer.
- Saunders, M. N., Lewis, P. (2012). Doing research in business & management: An essential guide to planning your project. London: Pearson.
- Saxena, A. (2020). Cyberloafing and its consequences: The role of employee well-being. Journal of Business Research, 112, 240-249.
- Sekaran, U. (2006). Research methods for business: a skill-building approach. London: John Wiley & Sons.
- Semerci Boz, A., Ergeneli, A., Yılmaz, Z. (2021). The two faces of workplace loneliness: cyberloafing and innovative job performance. Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 39(1), 133-147.
- Soyalın, M. (2021). The relationship between psychological safety and cyberloafing: a study in the banking sector. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Journal of Social and Economic Research, 23(41), 279-290.
- Ural, A., Kılıç, İ. (2013). The scientific research process and data analysis with SPSS. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
- Uzun, Ö. (2019). The relationship between the motivations of travel agency employees and their cyberloafing behaviors: A case study in the Thrace region (Master's Thesis). Trakya University Institute of Social Sciences, Edirne.
- Wright, S. L., Burt, C. D. B., Strongman, K. T. (2006). Loneliness in the workplace: construct definition and scale development. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 59-68.
- Xu, M., Dust, S. B., DiRenzo, M. S. (2019). Supervisor-subordinate proactive personality congruence and psychological safety: a signaling theory approach to employee voice behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 30, 440–453.
- Yang, H., Lin, Z., Chen, X., Peng, J. (2023). Workplace loneliness, ego depletion, and cyberloafing: can leader problem-focused interpersonal emotion management help? Internet Research, 33(4), 1473-1494.
- Yener, S. (2015). Validity and reliability study of the Turkish form of the psychological comfort scale. Journal of Social Sciences Research, (1), 280-305.
- Yıldırım, F. (2018). The mediating role of perceived psychological contract violation in the effect of bullying and alienation on cyberloafing behavior in hotel businesses. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(4), 21-39.
- Yıldız, H., Yıldız, B., Ateş, H. (2015). Is there a role of perceived organizational justice in exhibiting cyberloafing behaviors? Journal of Knowledge Economy and Management, 10(2), 55-66.
The Impact of Psychological Comfort and Perception of Loneliness on Cyberloafing Behaviors in Organizations: A Field Study on Tourism Enterprises
Öz
Çalışanların mesai saatleri içerisinde teknolojik imkânları ve internet ortamını kendi şahsi amaçları için kullanması neticesinde oluşan sanal kaytarma işletmelerde çalışanların çalışma verimini olumsuz etkilemekte ve birtakım kişisel ve kurumsal sıkıntılara sebebiyet verebilmektedir. Bu çalışma otel işletmelerinde çalışan personellerin sanal kaytarma davranışlarının yalnızlık algısı ve psikolojik rahatlama düzeyine etkisini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda araştırma verileri Antalya ilinde bulunan bazı beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde çalışan personellerden alınmıştır. 290 kişiye yüzyüze görüşme yöntemiyle anketler dağıtılmış, 47 anket eksik doldurulduğu için kapsam dışında bırakılmış, 243 anket değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırma analizler neticesinde sanal kaytarma davranışları üzerinde işyerinde yalnızlık algısının pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu, psikolojik rahatlık düzeyinde ise negatif yönlü ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada alanyazına katkı sunmak ve yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırma amacıyla uygulayıcılara yönelik katkılar sunma ve öneriler getirmek amacıyla işletme yöneticileri çalışanların sanal kaytarma düzeylerini takip edip sanal kaytarmayı arttıran nedenler tespit edilerek gerekli plan ve uygulamaların geliştirilmesi faydalı olacaktır. Ayrıca sanal kaytarma ile çalışanlarda oluşan yalnızlık algısı ve negatif yönlü psikolojik rahatlık düzeylerinin ortadan kaldırılması için işletme çalışanları ile yöneticiler arasında güçlü bir iletişim ağının kurulması, ortak takım çalışmalarının gerçekleştirilmesi, çalışanların kendilerini daha güvenli ve refah içerisinde hissedebilecekleri konfor ortamlarının oluşturulması önerilebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ahmadi, A. (2022). An examination of the relationship between social media addiction and loneliness in central Afghanistan (Master's Thesis). Selçuk University Institute of Social Sciences, Konya.
- Ayyagari, R., Grover, V., Faraj, S. (2011). The interactive effects of online social networking on employee productivity. Information Systems Research, 22(3), 611-623.
- Blanchard, A. L., Henle, C. A. (2008). Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: the role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 1067-1084.
- Boswell, W. R., Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2007). The role of communication in managing work-life boundaries: an exploration of the nature of the virtual workplace. Journal of Management, 33(6), 1556-1581.
- Çiçeklioğlu, H. (2023). The effects of sustainable leadership on organizational learning capacity and work-family conflict: a field study. Journal of Tourism Economics and Business Research, 5(1), 119-133.
- Derin, N., Tuna, H. (2021). The mediating role of trust in the effect of perceived justice in human resources practices on psychological comfort in hotel businesses. Anemon Muş Alparslan University Journal of Social Sciences, 9(5), 1333-1352.
- Dimmock, K. (2008). Comfort in adventure: The role of comfort, constraints, and negotiation in recreational SCUBA diving. Southern Cross University, PhD Thesis, Lismore.
- Doğan, B., Koç, S. (2021). The impact of loneliness on cyberloafing: the role of psychological comfort. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 13(2), 57-67.
- Dollard, M. F., Tuckey, M. R., Dormann, C. (2012). Psychosocial safety climate moderates the job demand–resource interaction in predicting workgroup distress. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 45, 694-704.
- Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-384.
- Erbaşı, A. (2019). The effect of social capital on cyberloafing behaviors of employees in accommodation businesses. Çatalhöyük International Journal of Tourism and Social Research, (4), 25-31.
- Erkuş, A. (2013). The scientific research process for behavioral sciences: intellectual preparation for research and inquiries about science and scientific methods. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
- Genç, Y., Seyyar, A. (2010). Social service terms. Dictionary of "social pedagogical work." Sakarya: Sakarya Publishing House.
- Genç, Y., Durğun, A., Kara, H. Z., Çakır, R. (2018). The effects of internet usage on university students' perceptions of loneliness. Journal of Academic Reviews, 13(2), 301-336.
- Güçlü Nergiz, H. (2015). The impact of error management on psychological safety, organizational performance, and organizational learning in hotel businesses. Anatolia: Journal of Tourism Research, 26(2), 221-237.
- Gürbüz, S., Şahin, F. (2014). Research methods in social sciences, philosophy-method analysis. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
- Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness (15th anniversary ed.). New York: Delta Trade Paperback.
- Kahn, R. L., Byosiere, P. (1992). Stress in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., pp. 571–650). California: Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Kalıpçı, M. B. (2014). The effect of best human resources practices on organizational trust in accommodation businesses: The case of Manavgat (Master's Thesis). Akdeniz University Institute of Social Sciences, Antalya.
- Karasar, N. (2014). Scientific Research Methods. Ankara: Nobel Publishing Distribution.
- Khan, A., Naveed, T., Raheem, F., Sheraz, F., Awan, S. H. (2023). Employees' cyberloafing and performance in the telecom sector of Pakistan: the mediating role of psychological well-being and the moderating role of internal locus of control. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7(4), 794-812.
- Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guildford Press.
- Leroy, H. (2013). Exploring the relationship between psychological safety and employee performance in the workplace. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 28-36.
- Lim, V. K. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: cyberloafing, neutralizing, and organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(5), 675-694.
- Lim, V. K., Teo, T. S. (2005). Prevalence, perceived seriousness, justification, and regulation of cyberloafing in Singapore: an exploratory study. Information & Management, 42(8), 1081-1093.
- Mills, G. E., Gay, L. R. (2019). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. London: Pearson.
- Newman, A., Donohue, R., Eva, N. (2017). Psychological safety: A systematic review of the literature. Human Resource Management Review, 27, 521-535.
- Pangani, J., Munyenyembe, B. (2024). The impact of stress and loneliness on cyberloafing of health workers in Malawi: the moderating role of age. African Journal of Empirical Research, 5(3), 640–648.
- Perlman, D., Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 31-56). Berlin: Springer.
- Saunders, M. N., Lewis, P. (2012). Doing research in business & management: An essential guide to planning your project. London: Pearson.
- Saxena, A. (2020). Cyberloafing and its consequences: The role of employee well-being. Journal of Business Research, 112, 240-249.
- Sekaran, U. (2006). Research methods for business: a skill-building approach. London: John Wiley & Sons.
- Semerci Boz, A., Ergeneli, A., Yılmaz, Z. (2021). The two faces of workplace loneliness: cyberloafing and innovative job performance. Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 39(1), 133-147.
- Soyalın, M. (2021). The relationship between psychological safety and cyberloafing: a study in the banking sector. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Journal of Social and Economic Research, 23(41), 279-290.
- Ural, A., Kılıç, İ. (2013). The scientific research process and data analysis with SPSS. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
- Uzun, Ö. (2019). The relationship between the motivations of travel agency employees and their cyberloafing behaviors: A case study in the Thrace region (Master's Thesis). Trakya University Institute of Social Sciences, Edirne.
- Wright, S. L., Burt, C. D. B., Strongman, K. T. (2006). Loneliness in the workplace: construct definition and scale development. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 59-68.
- Xu, M., Dust, S. B., DiRenzo, M. S. (2019). Supervisor-subordinate proactive personality congruence and psychological safety: a signaling theory approach to employee voice behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 30, 440–453.
- Yang, H., Lin, Z., Chen, X., Peng, J. (2023). Workplace loneliness, ego depletion, and cyberloafing: can leader problem-focused interpersonal emotion management help? Internet Research, 33(4), 1473-1494.
- Yener, S. (2015). Validity and reliability study of the Turkish form of the psychological comfort scale. Journal of Social Sciences Research, (1), 280-305.
- Yıldırım, F. (2018). The mediating role of perceived psychological contract violation in the effect of bullying and alienation on cyberloafing behavior in hotel businesses. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(4), 21-39.
- Yıldız, H., Yıldız, B., Ateş, H. (2015). Is there a role of perceived organizational justice in exhibiting cyberloafing behaviors? Journal of Knowledge Economy and Management, 10(2), 55-66.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Turizm Yönetimi, Turizm (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Turizm, Otelcilik, Konaklama ve Spor |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 18 Temmuz 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 11 Şubat 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 28 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3 |
