Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 16 - 25, 30.04.2025

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lauriola M, Tomai M. Biopsychosocial correlates of adjustment to cancer during chemotherapy: the key role of health-related quality of life. The Scientific World Journal, 2019, 2019.
  • 2. Hintistan S, Çilingir D, Nural N, Gürsoy AA. Hematolojik kanserli hastaların kemoterapiye bağlı yaşadıkları semptomlara yönelik uygulamaları. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2012;1:153–64.
  • 3. Seven M, Akyüz A, Sever N, Dinçer Ş. Kanser Tanısı Alan Hastaların Yaşadığı Fiziksel ve Psikolojik Semptomların Belirlenmesi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2013;12.
  • 4. Wagland R, Richardson A, Ewings S, Armes J, Lennan E, Hankins M, et al. Prevalence of cancer chemotherapy-related problems, their relation to health-related quality of life and associated supportive care: a cross-sectional survey. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2016;24:4901–11.
  • 5. Nageeb S, Vu M, Malik S, Quinn MT, Cursio J, Padela AI. Adapting a religious health fatalism measure for use in Muslim populations. Plos One. 2018;13:e0206898.
  • 6. O’Regan P, McCarthy G, O’Reilly S, Power D, Bird BH, Murphy CG, et al. Cancer‐related fatigue and self‐care agency: A multicentre survey of patients receiving chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2019;28:4424–33.
  • 7. Shams S, Jabbar AA, Nanji K, Jan R, Tharani A. Influence of supportive care on chemotherapy patients’ self-care behaviour and satisfaction: A pilot study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Indian Journal of Cancer. 2018;55:115–21.
  • 8. Karadağlı F, Alpar ŞE. Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması: Kemoterapi uygulanan hastalarda özbakım yetersizliği kuramına gore özbakım davranışları ölçeği. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;10:168–81.
  • 9. Sungur G. Kültürlerarası Hemşirelik. İçinde: Seviğ Ü TG (editör) . İstanbul, İstanbul Kitabevi. 2012;181–202.
  • 10. Heiniger LE, Sherman KA, Shaw L-KE, Costa D. Fatalism and health promoting behaviors in Chinese and Korean immigrants and Caucasians. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2015;17:165–71.
  • 11. Keller KG, Toriola AT, Schneider JK. The relationship between cancer fatalism and education. Cancer Causes & Control. 2021;32:109–18.
  • 12. Kulakci H, Ayyildiz TK, Yildirim N, Ozturk O, Topan AK, Tasdemir N. Effects of breast cancer fatalism on breast cancer awareness among nursing students in Turkey. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2015;16:3565–72.
  • 13. Powe BD, Finnie R. Cancer fatalism: the state of the science. Cancer Nursing. 2003;26:454–67.
  • 14. Kobayashi LC, Smith SG. Cancer fatalism, literacy, and cancer information seeking in the American public. Health Education & Behavior. 2016;43:461–70.
  • 15. Peek ME, Sayad JV, Markwardt R. Fear, fatalism and breast cancer screening in low-income African-American women: the role of clinicians and the health care system. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2008;23:1847–53.
  • 16. Liang W, Wang JH, Chen M-Y, Feng S, Lee M, Schwartz MD, et al. Developing and validating a measure of Chinese cultural views of health and cancer. Health Education & Behavior. 2008;35:361–75.
  • 17. Schmidt C. Fatalism may fuel cancer-causing behaviors. 2007.
  • 18. Sinky TH, Faith J, Lindly O, Thorburn S. Cancer fatalism and preferred sources of cancer information: an assessment using 2012 hints data. Journal of Cancer Education. 2018;33:231–7.
  • 19. Abraído-Lanza AF, Martins MC, Shelton RC, Flórez KR. Breast cancer screening among Dominican Latinas: A closer look at fatalism and other social and cultural factors. Health Education & Behavior. 2015;42:633–41.
  • 20. Kaya A, Bozkur B. Kadercilik eğilimi ile özyeterlik inancı ve savunma mekanizmaları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ege Eğitim Dergisi. 2017;18:124–45.
  • 21. Kiyak E, Erkal E, Demir S, Demirkiran BC, Uren Y, Erguney S. Evaluation of attitudes toward epilepsy and health fatalism in northeastern Turkey. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2021;115:107495.
  • 22. Jafari Y, Rahimi J, Bknazar S, Lashkardoost H, Mohaddes HH, Mousavi JS, et al. The relationship between religious orientation and self-care practice in patients with type 2 diabetes. 2015.
  • 23. Franklin MD, Schlundt DG, McClellan LH, Kinebrew T, Sheats J, Belue R, et al. Religious fatalism and its association with health behaviors and outcomes. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2007;31:563–72.
  • 24. Çınar F, Eti Aslan F. Spiritualism and nursing: The importance of spiritual care in intensive care patients. 2017.
  • 25. Bakan AB, Aslan G, Yıldız M. Determination of breast cancer fatalism in women and the investigation of the relationship between women’s cervical cancer and pap smear test health beliefs with religious orientation and fatalism. Journal of Religion and Health. 2021;60:1856–76.
  • 26. Franklin MD, Schlundt DG, Wallston KA. Development and validation of a religious health fatalism measure for the African-American faith community. Journal of Health Psychology. 2008;13:323–35.
  • 27. Bobov G, Capik C. The reliability and validity of the religious health fatalism scale in Turkish language. Journal of Religion and Health. 2020;59:1080–95.
  • 28. Kearney BY, Fleischer BJ. Development of an instrument to measure exercise of self‐care agency. Research in Nursing &Health. 1979;2:25–34.
  • 29. Nahcivan N. Sağlıklı gençlerde öz-bakım gücü ve aile ortamının etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, 1993.
  • 30. Molaei-Zardanjani M, Savabi-Esfahani M, Taleghani F. Fatalism in breast cancer and performing mammography on women with or without a family history of breast cancer. BMC Women’s Health. 2019;19:1–5.
  • 31. Gullatte MM, Brawley O, Kinney A, Powe B, Mooney K. Religiosity, spirituality, and cancer fatalism beliefs on delay in breast cancer diagnosis in African American women. Journal of Religion and Health. 2010;49:62–72.
  • 32. Duberstein PR, Chen M, Chapman BP, Hoerger M, Saeed F, Guancial E, et al. Fatalism and educational disparities in beliefs about the curability of advanced cancer. Patient Education and Counseling. 2018;101:113–8.
  • 33. Küçükkkaya B, Erçel Ö. Jinekolojik kanserli hastalarda hastalik algisinin öz-bakim gücüne etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;35:137–45.
  • 34. Üstündağ H, Zengin N. Baş boyun kanseri nedeni ile cerrahi girişim geçiren hastaların öz bakım gücünün değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2008;11:63–8.
  • 35. Qian H, Yuan C. Factors associated with self-care self-efficacy among gastric and colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Nursing. 2012;35:E22-E31.
  • 36. Zhang Y, Kwekkeboom K, Petrini M. Uncertainty, self-efficacy, and self-care behavior in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in China. Cancer Nursing. 2015;38:E19-E26. 37. Leyva B, Nguyen AB, Cuevas A, Taplin SH, Moser RP, Allen JD. Sociodemographic correlates of cancer fatalism and the moderating role of religiosity: Results from a nationallyrepresentative survey. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. 2020;48:29–46.
  • 38. Michielutte R, Dignan MB, Sharp PC, Boxley J, Wells HB. Skin cancer prevention and early detection practices in a sample of rural women. Preventive Medicine. 1996;25:673–83.
  • 39. Schnoll RA, Malstrom M, James C, Rothman RL, Miller SM, Ridge JA, et al. Correlates of tobacco use among smokers and recent quitters diagnosed with cancer. Patient Education and Counseling. 2002;46:137–45.
  • 40. Hall MB, Vos P. Comparison of cancer fatalism among rural smokers and nonsmokers. Journal of Community Health. 2019;44:215–21.
  • 41. Kim HK, Lwin MO. Cultural determinants of cancer fatalism and cancer prevention behaviors among Asians in Singapore. Health Communication. 2021;36:940–9.
  • 42. Han A, Choi JS. Factors influencing infection prevention self-care behaviors in patients with hematologic cancer after discharge. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2018;35:102–6.
  • 43. Goudarzian AH, Boyle C, Beik S, Jafari A, Bagheri Nesami M, Taebi M, et al. Self-care in Iranian cancer patients: The role of religious coping. Journal of Religion and Health, 2019;58:259– 270.
  • 44. Altıparmak S, Fadıloğlu Ç, Gürsoy ŞT, Altıparmak O. Kemoterapi tedavisi alan akciğer kanserli hastalarda öz bakım gücü ve yaşam kalitesi ilişkisi. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 2011;50:95– 102.
  • 45. Saidi S, Milnes LJ, Griffiths J. Fatalism, faith and fear: A case study of self‐care practice among adults with Type 2 diabetes in urban Malaysia. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2018;27:3758– 3767.
  • 46. Walker RJ, Smalls BL, Hernandez-Tejada MA, Campbell JA, Davis KS, Egede LE. Effect of diabetes fatalism on medication adherence and self-care behaviors in adults with diabetes. General Hospital Psychiatry, 2012;34:598–603.
  • 47. Gall TL. Relationship with God and the quality of life of prostate cancer survivors. Quality of Life Research, 2004;13:1357–1368.
  • 48. Weaver AJ, Flannelly KJ. The role of religion/spirituality for cancer patients and their caregivers. Southern Medical Journal, 2004;97:1210–1214.
  • 49. Levine EG, Targ E. Spiritual correlates of functional well-being in women with breast cancer. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 2002;1:166–174.

The relationship between health fatalism and self-care agency in oncology patients

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 16 - 25, 30.04.2025

Öz

Aim: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between health fatalism and the self-care agency of oncology patients.
Material and Method: This is a descriptive-correlational study. The study sample consisted of 169 oncology patients who met the inclusion criteria between September 2019 and February 2020 and in November 2020. The study's data were collected using the Patient Information Form, Health Fatalism Scale, and Self-Care Agency Scale.
Results: The patients' mean health fatalism score was 58.62±7.03, and the mean self-care agency score was 87.16±15.52. The difference between the mean scores of health fatalism according to gender, marital status, occupation, income level, and smoking was statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference between the mean scores of the self-care according to age, education level, smoking, type of treatment, side effect of chemotherapy, and additional chronic disease status was statistically significant (p<0.05). A statistically significant, positive, and low-level relationship was detected between the patients’ health fatalism and self-care agency score averages(p<0.05).
Conclusion: Oncology patients’ health fatalism attitudes were found to be high, and their self-care agency was at a moderate level. It was concluded that as the health fatalism attitudes of oncology patients increased, their self-care agency also increased. It is recommended to evaluate the impact of health fatalism as a sociocultural factor in the self-care of oncology patients.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lauriola M, Tomai M. Biopsychosocial correlates of adjustment to cancer during chemotherapy: the key role of health-related quality of life. The Scientific World Journal, 2019, 2019.
  • 2. Hintistan S, Çilingir D, Nural N, Gürsoy AA. Hematolojik kanserli hastaların kemoterapiye bağlı yaşadıkları semptomlara yönelik uygulamaları. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2012;1:153–64.
  • 3. Seven M, Akyüz A, Sever N, Dinçer Ş. Kanser Tanısı Alan Hastaların Yaşadığı Fiziksel ve Psikolojik Semptomların Belirlenmesi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2013;12.
  • 4. Wagland R, Richardson A, Ewings S, Armes J, Lennan E, Hankins M, et al. Prevalence of cancer chemotherapy-related problems, their relation to health-related quality of life and associated supportive care: a cross-sectional survey. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2016;24:4901–11.
  • 5. Nageeb S, Vu M, Malik S, Quinn MT, Cursio J, Padela AI. Adapting a religious health fatalism measure for use in Muslim populations. Plos One. 2018;13:e0206898.
  • 6. O’Regan P, McCarthy G, O’Reilly S, Power D, Bird BH, Murphy CG, et al. Cancer‐related fatigue and self‐care agency: A multicentre survey of patients receiving chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2019;28:4424–33.
  • 7. Shams S, Jabbar AA, Nanji K, Jan R, Tharani A. Influence of supportive care on chemotherapy patients’ self-care behaviour and satisfaction: A pilot study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Indian Journal of Cancer. 2018;55:115–21.
  • 8. Karadağlı F, Alpar ŞE. Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması: Kemoterapi uygulanan hastalarda özbakım yetersizliği kuramına gore özbakım davranışları ölçeği. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;10:168–81.
  • 9. Sungur G. Kültürlerarası Hemşirelik. İçinde: Seviğ Ü TG (editör) . İstanbul, İstanbul Kitabevi. 2012;181–202.
  • 10. Heiniger LE, Sherman KA, Shaw L-KE, Costa D. Fatalism and health promoting behaviors in Chinese and Korean immigrants and Caucasians. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2015;17:165–71.
  • 11. Keller KG, Toriola AT, Schneider JK. The relationship between cancer fatalism and education. Cancer Causes & Control. 2021;32:109–18.
  • 12. Kulakci H, Ayyildiz TK, Yildirim N, Ozturk O, Topan AK, Tasdemir N. Effects of breast cancer fatalism on breast cancer awareness among nursing students in Turkey. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2015;16:3565–72.
  • 13. Powe BD, Finnie R. Cancer fatalism: the state of the science. Cancer Nursing. 2003;26:454–67.
  • 14. Kobayashi LC, Smith SG. Cancer fatalism, literacy, and cancer information seeking in the American public. Health Education & Behavior. 2016;43:461–70.
  • 15. Peek ME, Sayad JV, Markwardt R. Fear, fatalism and breast cancer screening in low-income African-American women: the role of clinicians and the health care system. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2008;23:1847–53.
  • 16. Liang W, Wang JH, Chen M-Y, Feng S, Lee M, Schwartz MD, et al. Developing and validating a measure of Chinese cultural views of health and cancer. Health Education & Behavior. 2008;35:361–75.
  • 17. Schmidt C. Fatalism may fuel cancer-causing behaviors. 2007.
  • 18. Sinky TH, Faith J, Lindly O, Thorburn S. Cancer fatalism and preferred sources of cancer information: an assessment using 2012 hints data. Journal of Cancer Education. 2018;33:231–7.
  • 19. Abraído-Lanza AF, Martins MC, Shelton RC, Flórez KR. Breast cancer screening among Dominican Latinas: A closer look at fatalism and other social and cultural factors. Health Education & Behavior. 2015;42:633–41.
  • 20. Kaya A, Bozkur B. Kadercilik eğilimi ile özyeterlik inancı ve savunma mekanizmaları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ege Eğitim Dergisi. 2017;18:124–45.
  • 21. Kiyak E, Erkal E, Demir S, Demirkiran BC, Uren Y, Erguney S. Evaluation of attitudes toward epilepsy and health fatalism in northeastern Turkey. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2021;115:107495.
  • 22. Jafari Y, Rahimi J, Bknazar S, Lashkardoost H, Mohaddes HH, Mousavi JS, et al. The relationship between religious orientation and self-care practice in patients with type 2 diabetes. 2015.
  • 23. Franklin MD, Schlundt DG, McClellan LH, Kinebrew T, Sheats J, Belue R, et al. Religious fatalism and its association with health behaviors and outcomes. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2007;31:563–72.
  • 24. Çınar F, Eti Aslan F. Spiritualism and nursing: The importance of spiritual care in intensive care patients. 2017.
  • 25. Bakan AB, Aslan G, Yıldız M. Determination of breast cancer fatalism in women and the investigation of the relationship between women’s cervical cancer and pap smear test health beliefs with religious orientation and fatalism. Journal of Religion and Health. 2021;60:1856–76.
  • 26. Franklin MD, Schlundt DG, Wallston KA. Development and validation of a religious health fatalism measure for the African-American faith community. Journal of Health Psychology. 2008;13:323–35.
  • 27. Bobov G, Capik C. The reliability and validity of the religious health fatalism scale in Turkish language. Journal of Religion and Health. 2020;59:1080–95.
  • 28. Kearney BY, Fleischer BJ. Development of an instrument to measure exercise of self‐care agency. Research in Nursing &Health. 1979;2:25–34.
  • 29. Nahcivan N. Sağlıklı gençlerde öz-bakım gücü ve aile ortamının etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, 1993.
  • 30. Molaei-Zardanjani M, Savabi-Esfahani M, Taleghani F. Fatalism in breast cancer and performing mammography on women with or without a family history of breast cancer. BMC Women’s Health. 2019;19:1–5.
  • 31. Gullatte MM, Brawley O, Kinney A, Powe B, Mooney K. Religiosity, spirituality, and cancer fatalism beliefs on delay in breast cancer diagnosis in African American women. Journal of Religion and Health. 2010;49:62–72.
  • 32. Duberstein PR, Chen M, Chapman BP, Hoerger M, Saeed F, Guancial E, et al. Fatalism and educational disparities in beliefs about the curability of advanced cancer. Patient Education and Counseling. 2018;101:113–8.
  • 33. Küçükkkaya B, Erçel Ö. Jinekolojik kanserli hastalarda hastalik algisinin öz-bakim gücüne etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;35:137–45.
  • 34. Üstündağ H, Zengin N. Baş boyun kanseri nedeni ile cerrahi girişim geçiren hastaların öz bakım gücünün değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2008;11:63–8.
  • 35. Qian H, Yuan C. Factors associated with self-care self-efficacy among gastric and colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Nursing. 2012;35:E22-E31.
  • 36. Zhang Y, Kwekkeboom K, Petrini M. Uncertainty, self-efficacy, and self-care behavior in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in China. Cancer Nursing. 2015;38:E19-E26. 37. Leyva B, Nguyen AB, Cuevas A, Taplin SH, Moser RP, Allen JD. Sociodemographic correlates of cancer fatalism and the moderating role of religiosity: Results from a nationallyrepresentative survey. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. 2020;48:29–46.
  • 38. Michielutte R, Dignan MB, Sharp PC, Boxley J, Wells HB. Skin cancer prevention and early detection practices in a sample of rural women. Preventive Medicine. 1996;25:673–83.
  • 39. Schnoll RA, Malstrom M, James C, Rothman RL, Miller SM, Ridge JA, et al. Correlates of tobacco use among smokers and recent quitters diagnosed with cancer. Patient Education and Counseling. 2002;46:137–45.
  • 40. Hall MB, Vos P. Comparison of cancer fatalism among rural smokers and nonsmokers. Journal of Community Health. 2019;44:215–21.
  • 41. Kim HK, Lwin MO. Cultural determinants of cancer fatalism and cancer prevention behaviors among Asians in Singapore. Health Communication. 2021;36:940–9.
  • 42. Han A, Choi JS. Factors influencing infection prevention self-care behaviors in patients with hematologic cancer after discharge. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2018;35:102–6.
  • 43. Goudarzian AH, Boyle C, Beik S, Jafari A, Bagheri Nesami M, Taebi M, et al. Self-care in Iranian cancer patients: The role of religious coping. Journal of Religion and Health, 2019;58:259– 270.
  • 44. Altıparmak S, Fadıloğlu Ç, Gürsoy ŞT, Altıparmak O. Kemoterapi tedavisi alan akciğer kanserli hastalarda öz bakım gücü ve yaşam kalitesi ilişkisi. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 2011;50:95– 102.
  • 45. Saidi S, Milnes LJ, Griffiths J. Fatalism, faith and fear: A case study of self‐care practice among adults with Type 2 diabetes in urban Malaysia. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2018;27:3758– 3767.
  • 46. Walker RJ, Smalls BL, Hernandez-Tejada MA, Campbell JA, Davis KS, Egede LE. Effect of diabetes fatalism on medication adherence and self-care behaviors in adults with diabetes. General Hospital Psychiatry, 2012;34:598–603.
  • 47. Gall TL. Relationship with God and the quality of life of prostate cancer survivors. Quality of Life Research, 2004;13:1357–1368.
  • 48. Weaver AJ, Flannelly KJ. The role of religion/spirituality for cancer patients and their caregivers. Southern Medical Journal, 2004;97:1210–1214.
  • 49. Levine EG, Targ E. Spiritual correlates of functional well-being in women with breast cancer. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 2002;1:166–174.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Halk Sağlığı (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Seda Gökkaya

Meltem Şirin Gök

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 31 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gökkaya, S., & Şirin Gök, M. (2025). The relationship between health fatalism and self-care agency in oncology patients. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, 15(1), 16-25.
AMA Gökkaya S, Şirin Gök M. The relationship between health fatalism and self-care agency in oncology patients. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. Nisan 2025;15(1):16-25.
Chicago Gökkaya, Seda, ve Meltem Şirin Gök. “The Relationship Between Health Fatalism and Self-Care Agency in Oncology Patients”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 15, sy. 1 (Nisan 2025): 16-25.
EndNote Gökkaya S, Şirin Gök M (01 Nisan 2025) The relationship between health fatalism and self-care agency in oncology patients. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 15 1 16–25.
IEEE S. Gökkaya ve M. Şirin Gök, “The relationship between health fatalism and self-care agency in oncology patients”, KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG, c. 15, sy. 1, ss. 16–25, 2025.
ISNAD Gökkaya, Seda - Şirin Gök, Meltem. “The Relationship Between Health Fatalism and Self-Care Agency in Oncology Patients”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 15/1 (Nisan 2025), 16-25.
JAMA Gökkaya S, Şirin Gök M. The relationship between health fatalism and self-care agency in oncology patients. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. 2025;15:16–25.
MLA Gökkaya, Seda ve Meltem Şirin Gök. “The Relationship Between Health Fatalism and Self-Care Agency in Oncology Patients”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, c. 15, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 16-25.
Vancouver Gökkaya S, Şirin Gök M. The relationship between health fatalism and self-care agency in oncology patients. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. 2025;15(1):16-25.