Sistematik Derlemeler ve Meta Analiz
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The effectiveness of schema therapy in personality disorders: A systematic review

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 73 - 84, 25.04.2025

Merve Karaburun , Manolya Çalışır

https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1279391

Öz

Schema therapy is a psychotherapy method that is increasingly popular in the psychological treatment of personality disorders. This study aimed to examine the academic studies published on the effectiveness of schema therapy in personality disorders and to evaluate the examined studies within the framework of specific criteria. In this systematic review, eleven (11) research articles, selected following the research criteria, were examined. The findings obtained from the studies are presented under the titles of "Study ID, Type of Analysis, Personality Disorder Type, Assessment Tools, Findings, and Conclusions". Studies conducted between 2011-2022 were included in the review. The sample of the studies included in the study consisted of cluster A, B, and C personality disorders. Many studies show that schema therapy is effective in treating clusters B and C personality disorders and reducing symptoms. However, in literature, the treatment of personality disorders is extremely limited. A large part of the studies is aimed at researching borderline personality disorder. For this reason, future studies need to contribute to the literature on the effectiveness of schema therapy by considering other personality disorders besides borderline personality disorders in a larger clinical sample.

Anahtar Kelimeler

schema therapy personality disorders effectiveness psychotherapy

Etik Beyan

DECLARATIONS Ethics Committee Approval N/A Conflict of Interest All authors of this article declare that there is no conflict of interest related to the article. Informed Consent N/A Project/Funding Information This study was not conducted as part of any project, and no funding or grants were used. Data Sharing/Availability N/A Authors’ Contributions MK and MÇ contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study. MK performed literature review and writing of the article. MÇ suggested corrections for and supervised the article. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the article.

Kaynakça

  • Ainsworth, M. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46(4), 333-341.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.) American Psychiatric Association.
  • Arntz, A., Dreessen, L., Schouten, E., & Weertman, A. (2004). Beliefs in personality disorders: A test with the Personality Disorder Belief Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(10), 1215–1225.
  • Arntz, A., Klokman, J., & Sieswerda, S. (2005). An experimental test of the schema mode model of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36(3), 226-239.
  • Arntz, A., & Van Genderen, H. (2020). Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder. John Wiley & Sons. Bachrach, N., & Arntz, A. (2021). Group schema therapy for patients with cluster‐C personality disorders: A case study on avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(5), 1233-1248.
  • Baljé, A., Arntz, A., & Spinhoven, P. (2016). Group ST versus group CBT for social anxiety disorder with comorbid avoidant personality disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 348.
  • Ball, S. A., & Young, J. E. (2000). Dual focus schema therapy for personality disorders and substance dependence: Case study results. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(3), 270-281.
  • Bamelis, L. L., Evers, S. M., Spinhoven, P., & Arntz, A. (2014). Results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of schema therapy for personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(3), 305-322.
  • Beck, A. T. (1970). Cognitive therapy: Nature and relation to behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 1(2), 184–200. Beck, A. T., Freeman, A. ve Davis, D. D. (2004). Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. NY: Guilford Publications.
  • Bornstein, R. F. (1996). Sex differences in dependent personality disorder prevalence rates. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 3(1), 1-12.
  • Cox, B. J., Pagura, J., Stein, M. B., & Sareen, J. (2009). The relationship between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder in a National Mental Health Survey. Depression and Anxiety, 26(4), 354-362.
  • Derogatis, L. R., & Unger, R. (2010). The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring, and procedures manual (4th ed.). National Computer Systems.
  • Dickhaut, V., & Arntz, A. (2014). Combined group and individual schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(2), 242-251.
  • Dimaggio, G., Procacci, M., Nicolò, G., Popolo, R., Semerari, A., Carcione, A., & Lysaker, P. H. (2007). Poor metacognition in narcissistic and avoidant personality disorders: Four psychotherapy patients analysed using the Metacognition Assessment Scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 14(5), 386-401.
  • Doyle, M., Tarrier, N., Shaw, J., Dunn, G., & Dolan, M. (2016). Exploratory trial of schema focused therapy in a forensic personality disordered population. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 27(2), 232-247.
  • Edwards, D. & Arntz, A. (2012). Schema therapy in historical perspective. In Van Vreeswijk, M., Broersen, J. & Nadot M (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of schema therapy: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 1-26). The Wiley-Blackwell.
  • First, M. B., & Gibbon, M. (2004). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II). In M. J. Hilsenroth & D. L. Segal (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment, Vol. 2: Personality assessment (pp. 134–143). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2016). Structured clinical interviews for DSM-5: An overview. JAMA Psychiatry, 73(3), 245–247.
  • Funder, D. C. (2006). Towards a resolution of the personality triad: Persons, situations, and behaviors. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(1), 21-34.
  • Gilbert, F., & Daffern, M. (2013). The association between early maladaptive schema and personality disorder traits in an offender population. Psychology, Crime & Law, 19(10), 933-946.
  • Greenberg, L. S., Safran, J. D., & Rice, L. (1989). Experiential therapy: Its relation to cognitive therapy. In A. Freeman, K. M. Simon, L. E. Beutler, & H. Arkowitz (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of cognitive therapy (pp. 169-187). Plenum Press.
  • Güler, K., & Tuncay, M. (2021). Erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar ve duyguları ifade edebilme becerisi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(4), 1385-1405.
  • Handest, P., & Parnas, J. (2005). Clinical characteristics of first-admitted patients with ICD-10 schizotypal disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(S48), 49-54.
  • Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., & Janssen, M. F. (2011). Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Quality of Life Research, 20(10), 1727–1736.
  • Hilsenroth, M. J., Handler, L., & Blais, M. A. (1996). Assessment of narcissistic personality disorder: A multi-method review. Clinical Psychology Review, 16(7), 655-683.
  • Iacovino, J. M., Jackson, J. J., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2014). The relative impact of socioeconomic status and childhood trauma on Black-White differences in paranoid personality disorder symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(1), 225-230.
  • Jacob, G. A., & Arntz, A. (2013). Schema therapy for personality disorders-A review. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 6(2), 171-185.
  • Kellogg, S. (2004). Dialogical encounters: Contemporary perspectives on" chairwork" in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 41(3), 310-320.
  • Koppers, D., Van, H., Peen, J., & Dekker, J. J. (2021). Psychological symptoms, early maladaptive schemas and schema modes: Predictors of the outcome of group schema therapy in patients with personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research, 31(7), 831-842.
  • Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M. (2004). Borderline personality disorder. The Lancet, 364(9432), 453-461.
  • Lilienfeld, S. O., Van Valkenburg, C., Larntz, K., & Akiskal, H. S. (1986). The relationship of histrionic personality disorder to antisocial personality and somatization disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 143(6), 718-722.
  • Louis, J. P., Wood, A. M., Ho, M.-H. R., Lockwood, G., & Ferguson, E. (2018). Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) [Database record]. APA PsycTests.
  • Mills, J. F., Kroner, D. G., & Forth, A. E. (1998). Novaco Anger Scale: Reliability and validity within an adult criminal sample. Assessment, 5(3), 237–248.
  • New, A. S., Goodman, M., Triebwasser, J. ve Siever, L. J. (2008). Recent advances in the biological study of personality disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31(3), 441-461.
  • Novais, F., Araujo, A. M., & Godinho, P. (2015). Historical roots of histrionic personality disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1463.
  • Nysæter, T. E., & Nordahl, H. M. (2008). Principles and clinical application of schema therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder. Nordic Psychology, 60(3), 249-263.
  • Ogloff, J. R. (2006). Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(6-7), 519-528.
  • Öztürk, M. O. & Uluşahin A. (2014). Ruh sağlığı ve bozuklukları. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Rafaeli, E., Bernstein, D. P., & Young J. (2011). Schema therapy: Distinctive features. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Reiss, N., Lieb, K., Arntz, A., Shaw, I. A., & Farrell, J. (2014). Responding to the treatment challenge of patients with severe BPD: Results of three pilot studies of inpatient schema therapy. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 42(3), 355-367.
  • Renner, F., van Goor, M., Huibers, M., Arntz, A., Butz, B., & Bernstein, D. (2013). Short-term group schema cognitive-behavioral therapy for young adults with personality disorders and personality disorder features: Associations with changes in symptomatic distress, schemas, schema modes and coping styles. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(8), 487-492.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) [Database record]. APA PsycTests.
  • Russ, E., Shedler, J., Bradley, R., & Westen, D. (2008). Refining the construct of narcissistic personality disorder: Diagnostic criteria and subtypes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(11), 1473-1481.
  • Schaap, G. M., Chakhssi, F., & Westerhof, G. J. (2016). Inpatient schema therapy for nonresponsive patients with personality pathology: Changes in symptomatic distress, schemas, schema modes, coping styles, experienced parenting styles, and mental wellbeing. Psychotherapy, 53(4), 402-412.
  • Seavey, A., & Moore, T. M. (2012). Schema-focused therapy for major depressive disorder and personality disorder: A case study. Clinical Case Studies, 11(6), 457-473.
  • Specht, M. W., Chapman, A., & Cellucci, T. (2009). Schemas and borderline personality disorder symptoms in incarcerated women. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40(2), 256-264.
  • Stevens, S. S. (1971). Issues in psychophysical measurement. Psychological Review, 78(5), 426-450.
  • Torgerson, D. J., & Bell-Syer, S. E. (2001). Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of nonvertebral fractures: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA, 285(22), 2891-2897.
  • Triebwasser, J., Chemerinski, E., Roussos, P., & Siever, L. J. (2013). Paranoid personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27(6), 795-805.
  • Turner, H., Bryant-Waugh, R., Peveler, R., & Bucks, R. S. (2012). A psychometric evaluation of an English version of the Utrecht Coping List. European Eating Disorders Review, 20(4), 339–342.
  • Van Donzel, L., Ouwens, M. A., Van Alphen, S. P. J., Bouwmeester, S., & Videler, A. C. (2021). The effectiveness of adapted schema therapy for cluster C personality disorders in older adults–integrating positive schemas. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 21, 100-115.
  • van Wijk-Herbrink, M. F., Roelofs, J., Broers, N. J., Rijkeboer, M. M., Arntz, A., ve Bernstein, D. P. (2018). Validation of schema coping inventory and schema mode inventory in adolescents. Journal of Personality Disorders, 32(2), 220-241.
  • Van Vreeswijk, M., Broersen, J., & Schurink, G. (2014). Schema therapy. In M. Williams (Ed.), Mindfulness and schema therapy a practical guide (pp. 8-24). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Videler, A. C., van Alphen, S. P., van Royen, R. J., van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M., Rossi, G., & Arntz, A. (2018). Schema therapy for personality disorders in older adults: A multiple baseline study. Aging & Mental Health, 22(6), 738-747.
  • Videler, A. C., van Royen, R. J., Legra, M. J., & Ouwens, M. A. (2020). Positive schemas in schema therapy with older adults: Clinical implications and research suggestions. Behavioral Cognitive Psychotherapy, 48, 481-491.
  • Videler, A. C., Rossi, G., Schoevaars, M., Van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M., & Van Alphen, S. P. J. (2014). Effects of schema group therapy in older outpatients: A proof of concept study. International Psychogeriatrics, 26(10), 1709-1717.
  • Volkert, J., Gablonski, T. C., & Rabung, S. (2018). Prevalence of personality disorders in the general adult population in Western countries: Systematic review and meta analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 709-715.
  • Watson, D. C., & Sinha, B. K. (1998). Gender, age, and cultural differences in the Defense Style Questionnaire‐40. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(1), 67-75.
  • Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (1994). Young Schema Questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Personality Disorders: A Schema-Focused Approach (pp. 63–76). Guilford Press.
  • Young, J. E., Arntz, A., Atkinson, T., Lobbestael, J., Weishaar, M. E., van Vreeswijk, M. F., & Klokman, J. (2007). The Schema Mode Inventory. New York: Schema Therapy Institute.
  • Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar M. E. (2003). Schema therapy conceptual model. Guilford. Zeigler-Hill, V., Green, B. A., Arnau, R. C., Sisemore, T. B., & Myers, E. M. (2011). Trouble ahead, trouble behind: Narcissism and early maladaptive schemas. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(1), 96-103.

Şema terapinin kişilik bozukluklarında etkililiği: Sistematik bir derleme çalışması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 73 - 84, 25.04.2025

Merve Karaburun , Manolya Çalışır

https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1279391

Öz

Şema terapi, kişilik bozukluklarının psikolojik sağaltımında yaygınlığı giderek artan bir psikoterapi yöntemidir. Bu araştırmada şema terapinin kişilik bozukluklarındaki etkililiği konusu ile ilgili yayımlanan akademik çalışmaları incelemek ve incelenen çalışmaları belirli kriterler çerçevesinde değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu sistematik derlemede araştırma kriterlerine göre seçilmiş̧ on bir (11) araştırma makalesi incelenmiştir. Çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgular “Yazarlar ve Yıl, Çalışmanın Metodolojisi, Katılımcı Sayısı, Tanı, Ölçme Aracı, Bulgular ve Sonuç̧ başlıkları altında sunulmuştur. Derlemeye 2011-2022 yılları arasında yapılan araştırmalar dahil edilmiştir. İncelemeye alınan çalışmaların örneklemini A, B ve C kümesi Kişilik Bozuklukları oluşturmuştur. Şema terapinin yaşamın geneline yayılmış̧ ve yerleşik psikolojik sıkıntıları olan bireyleri tedavi etmedeki yeterliliği dolayısıyla, kişilik bozukluklarının tedavisi için bütünleştirici bir yaklaşım olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ancak kişilik bozukluklarının tedavisine yönelik yürütülen araştırmalar alanyazında oldukça sınırlıdır. Yapılan çalışmaların çok büyük bir kısmı da sınırda kişilik bozukluğunu araştırmaya yöneliktir. Bu sebeple gelecek çalışmaların boylamsal nitelikte olması ve daha büyük bir klinik örneklemde sınırda kişilik bozukluğunun dışında diğer kişilik bozukluklarını da ele alarak şema terapinin etkililiği konusunda alanyazına katkıda bulunulması önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

şema terapi kişilik bozuklukları etkililik çalışması psikoterapi

Etik Beyan

DECLARATIONS Ethics Committee Approval N/A Conflict of Interest All authors of this article declare that there is no conflict of interest related to the article. Informed Consent N/A Project/Funding Information This study was not conducted as part of any project, and no funding or grants were used. Data Sharing/Availability N/A Authors’ Contributions MK and MÇ contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study. MK performed literature review and writing of the article. MÇ suggested corrections for and supervised the article. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the article.

Kaynakça

  • Ainsworth, M. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46(4), 333-341.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.) American Psychiatric Association.
  • Arntz, A., Dreessen, L., Schouten, E., & Weertman, A. (2004). Beliefs in personality disorders: A test with the Personality Disorder Belief Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(10), 1215–1225.
  • Arntz, A., Klokman, J., & Sieswerda, S. (2005). An experimental test of the schema mode model of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36(3), 226-239.
  • Arntz, A., & Van Genderen, H. (2020). Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder. John Wiley & Sons. Bachrach, N., & Arntz, A. (2021). Group schema therapy for patients with cluster‐C personality disorders: A case study on avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(5), 1233-1248.
  • Baljé, A., Arntz, A., & Spinhoven, P. (2016). Group ST versus group CBT for social anxiety disorder with comorbid avoidant personality disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 348.
  • Ball, S. A., & Young, J. E. (2000). Dual focus schema therapy for personality disorders and substance dependence: Case study results. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(3), 270-281.
  • Bamelis, L. L., Evers, S. M., Spinhoven, P., & Arntz, A. (2014). Results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of schema therapy for personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(3), 305-322.
  • Beck, A. T. (1970). Cognitive therapy: Nature and relation to behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 1(2), 184–200. Beck, A. T., Freeman, A. ve Davis, D. D. (2004). Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. NY: Guilford Publications.
  • Bornstein, R. F. (1996). Sex differences in dependent personality disorder prevalence rates. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 3(1), 1-12.
  • Cox, B. J., Pagura, J., Stein, M. B., & Sareen, J. (2009). The relationship between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder in a National Mental Health Survey. Depression and Anxiety, 26(4), 354-362.
  • Derogatis, L. R., & Unger, R. (2010). The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring, and procedures manual (4th ed.). National Computer Systems.
  • Dickhaut, V., & Arntz, A. (2014). Combined group and individual schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(2), 242-251.
  • Dimaggio, G., Procacci, M., Nicolò, G., Popolo, R., Semerari, A., Carcione, A., & Lysaker, P. H. (2007). Poor metacognition in narcissistic and avoidant personality disorders: Four psychotherapy patients analysed using the Metacognition Assessment Scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 14(5), 386-401.
  • Doyle, M., Tarrier, N., Shaw, J., Dunn, G., & Dolan, M. (2016). Exploratory trial of schema focused therapy in a forensic personality disordered population. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 27(2), 232-247.
  • Edwards, D. & Arntz, A. (2012). Schema therapy in historical perspective. In Van Vreeswijk, M., Broersen, J. & Nadot M (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of schema therapy: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 1-26). The Wiley-Blackwell.
  • First, M. B., & Gibbon, M. (2004). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II). In M. J. Hilsenroth & D. L. Segal (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment, Vol. 2: Personality assessment (pp. 134–143). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2016). Structured clinical interviews for DSM-5: An overview. JAMA Psychiatry, 73(3), 245–247.
  • Funder, D. C. (2006). Towards a resolution of the personality triad: Persons, situations, and behaviors. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(1), 21-34.
  • Gilbert, F., & Daffern, M. (2013). The association between early maladaptive schema and personality disorder traits in an offender population. Psychology, Crime & Law, 19(10), 933-946.
  • Greenberg, L. S., Safran, J. D., & Rice, L. (1989). Experiential therapy: Its relation to cognitive therapy. In A. Freeman, K. M. Simon, L. E. Beutler, & H. Arkowitz (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of cognitive therapy (pp. 169-187). Plenum Press.
  • Güler, K., & Tuncay, M. (2021). Erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar ve duyguları ifade edebilme becerisi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(4), 1385-1405.
  • Handest, P., & Parnas, J. (2005). Clinical characteristics of first-admitted patients with ICD-10 schizotypal disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(S48), 49-54.
  • Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., & Janssen, M. F. (2011). Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Quality of Life Research, 20(10), 1727–1736.
  • Hilsenroth, M. J., Handler, L., & Blais, M. A. (1996). Assessment of narcissistic personality disorder: A multi-method review. Clinical Psychology Review, 16(7), 655-683.
  • Iacovino, J. M., Jackson, J. J., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2014). The relative impact of socioeconomic status and childhood trauma on Black-White differences in paranoid personality disorder symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(1), 225-230.
  • Jacob, G. A., & Arntz, A. (2013). Schema therapy for personality disorders-A review. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 6(2), 171-185.
  • Kellogg, S. (2004). Dialogical encounters: Contemporary perspectives on" chairwork" in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 41(3), 310-320.
  • Koppers, D., Van, H., Peen, J., & Dekker, J. J. (2021). Psychological symptoms, early maladaptive schemas and schema modes: Predictors of the outcome of group schema therapy in patients with personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research, 31(7), 831-842.
  • Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M. (2004). Borderline personality disorder. The Lancet, 364(9432), 453-461.
  • Lilienfeld, S. O., Van Valkenburg, C., Larntz, K., & Akiskal, H. S. (1986). The relationship of histrionic personality disorder to antisocial personality and somatization disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 143(6), 718-722.
  • Louis, J. P., Wood, A. M., Ho, M.-H. R., Lockwood, G., & Ferguson, E. (2018). Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) [Database record]. APA PsycTests.
  • Mills, J. F., Kroner, D. G., & Forth, A. E. (1998). Novaco Anger Scale: Reliability and validity within an adult criminal sample. Assessment, 5(3), 237–248.
  • New, A. S., Goodman, M., Triebwasser, J. ve Siever, L. J. (2008). Recent advances in the biological study of personality disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31(3), 441-461.
  • Novais, F., Araujo, A. M., & Godinho, P. (2015). Historical roots of histrionic personality disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1463.
  • Nysæter, T. E., & Nordahl, H. M. (2008). Principles and clinical application of schema therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder. Nordic Psychology, 60(3), 249-263.
  • Ogloff, J. R. (2006). Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(6-7), 519-528.
  • Öztürk, M. O. & Uluşahin A. (2014). Ruh sağlığı ve bozuklukları. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Rafaeli, E., Bernstein, D. P., & Young J. (2011). Schema therapy: Distinctive features. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Reiss, N., Lieb, K., Arntz, A., Shaw, I. A., & Farrell, J. (2014). Responding to the treatment challenge of patients with severe BPD: Results of three pilot studies of inpatient schema therapy. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 42(3), 355-367.
  • Renner, F., van Goor, M., Huibers, M., Arntz, A., Butz, B., & Bernstein, D. (2013). Short-term group schema cognitive-behavioral therapy for young adults with personality disorders and personality disorder features: Associations with changes in symptomatic distress, schemas, schema modes and coping styles. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(8), 487-492.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) [Database record]. APA PsycTests.
  • Russ, E., Shedler, J., Bradley, R., & Westen, D. (2008). Refining the construct of narcissistic personality disorder: Diagnostic criteria and subtypes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(11), 1473-1481.
  • Schaap, G. M., Chakhssi, F., & Westerhof, G. J. (2016). Inpatient schema therapy for nonresponsive patients with personality pathology: Changes in symptomatic distress, schemas, schema modes, coping styles, experienced parenting styles, and mental wellbeing. Psychotherapy, 53(4), 402-412.
  • Seavey, A., & Moore, T. M. (2012). Schema-focused therapy for major depressive disorder and personality disorder: A case study. Clinical Case Studies, 11(6), 457-473.
  • Specht, M. W., Chapman, A., & Cellucci, T. (2009). Schemas and borderline personality disorder symptoms in incarcerated women. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40(2), 256-264.
  • Stevens, S. S. (1971). Issues in psychophysical measurement. Psychological Review, 78(5), 426-450.
  • Torgerson, D. J., & Bell-Syer, S. E. (2001). Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of nonvertebral fractures: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA, 285(22), 2891-2897.
  • Triebwasser, J., Chemerinski, E., Roussos, P., & Siever, L. J. (2013). Paranoid personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27(6), 795-805.
  • Turner, H., Bryant-Waugh, R., Peveler, R., & Bucks, R. S. (2012). A psychometric evaluation of an English version of the Utrecht Coping List. European Eating Disorders Review, 20(4), 339–342.
  • Van Donzel, L., Ouwens, M. A., Van Alphen, S. P. J., Bouwmeester, S., & Videler, A. C. (2021). The effectiveness of adapted schema therapy for cluster C personality disorders in older adults–integrating positive schemas. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 21, 100-115.
  • van Wijk-Herbrink, M. F., Roelofs, J., Broers, N. J., Rijkeboer, M. M., Arntz, A., ve Bernstein, D. P. (2018). Validation of schema coping inventory and schema mode inventory in adolescents. Journal of Personality Disorders, 32(2), 220-241.
  • Van Vreeswijk, M., Broersen, J., & Schurink, G. (2014). Schema therapy. In M. Williams (Ed.), Mindfulness and schema therapy a practical guide (pp. 8-24). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Videler, A. C., van Alphen, S. P., van Royen, R. J., van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M., Rossi, G., & Arntz, A. (2018). Schema therapy for personality disorders in older adults: A multiple baseline study. Aging & Mental Health, 22(6), 738-747.
  • Videler, A. C., van Royen, R. J., Legra, M. J., & Ouwens, M. A. (2020). Positive schemas in schema therapy with older adults: Clinical implications and research suggestions. Behavioral Cognitive Psychotherapy, 48, 481-491.
  • Videler, A. C., Rossi, G., Schoevaars, M., Van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M., & Van Alphen, S. P. J. (2014). Effects of schema group therapy in older outpatients: A proof of concept study. International Psychogeriatrics, 26(10), 1709-1717.
  • Volkert, J., Gablonski, T. C., & Rabung, S. (2018). Prevalence of personality disorders in the general adult population in Western countries: Systematic review and meta analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 709-715.
  • Watson, D. C., & Sinha, B. K. (1998). Gender, age, and cultural differences in the Defense Style Questionnaire‐40. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(1), 67-75.
  • Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (1994). Young Schema Questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Personality Disorders: A Schema-Focused Approach (pp. 63–76). Guilford Press.
  • Young, J. E., Arntz, A., Atkinson, T., Lobbestael, J., Weishaar, M. E., van Vreeswijk, M. F., & Klokman, J. (2007). The Schema Mode Inventory. New York: Schema Therapy Institute.
  • Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar M. E. (2003). Schema therapy conceptual model. Guilford. Zeigler-Hill, V., Green, B. A., Arnau, R. C., Sisemore, T. B., & Myers, E. M. (2011). Trouble ahead, trouble behind: Narcissism and early maladaptive schemas. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(1), 96-103.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Psikoloji
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Merve Karaburun 0000-0002-4589-5069

Manolya Çalışır 0000-0002-1615-5491

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaburun, M., & Çalışır, M. (2025). The effectiveness of schema therapy in personality disorders: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psychology Research, 9(1), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1279391
 Kapak Resmi İndir