Multipl Skleroz Rehabilitasyonunda Tüm Vücut Vibrasyon Uygulaması
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 419 - 431, 28.01.2025
Tansu Kuş
,
Arzu Güçlü Gündüz
Öz
Öz Merkezi sinir sisteminin otoimmün hastalığı olan Multipl Skleroz (MS), denge ve mobilitenin kontrolünden sorumlu duyu-algı ve motor sistemlerde fonksiyonel bozukluklara neden olmaktadır. MS’li bireylerde postüral stabilitenin azalması günlük yaşamda denge ile ilişkili aktivitelerde yetersizliklerin ortaya çıkmasına ve yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Hastalığın kronik seyri boyunca denge ve mobilitenin geliştirilmesinde egzersiz metotları ile teknoloji temelli fizyoterapi yaklaşımlarının kullanılması önerilmektedir. Tüm vücut vibrasyon (TVV) uygulaması postüral kontrol, denge ve kas gücünü geliştirmek amacı ile fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon alanında kullanılan yöntemlerden biridir. Diğer taraftan, MS’li bireylerde TVV uygulamasının etkilerinin yeterince incelenmediği görülmektedir. Bu derleme ile MS’li bireylerde TVV uygulamasının farklı fonksiyonel sistemler üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Fizyoterapi, Multipl skleroz, Rehabilitasyon, Vibrasyon
Kaynakça
- Abbasi, M., Kordi Yoosefinejad, A., Poursadeghfard, M., Parsaei Jahromi, F., Motealleh, A., & Sobhani, S. (2019). Whole body vibration improves core muscle strength and endurance in ambulant individuals with multiple sclerosis: A randomized clinical trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 32, 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.04.028
- Alam, M. M., Khan, A. A., & Farooq, M. (2018). Effect of whole-body vibration on neuromuscular performance: A literature review. Work, 59(4), 571-583. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-182699
- Alentorn-Geli, E., Padilla, J., Moras, G., Lázaro Haro, C., & Fernández-Solà, J. (2008). Six weeks of whole-body vibration exercise improves pain and fatigue in women with fibromyalgia. J Altern Complement Med, 14(8), 975-981. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0050
- Alguacil Diego, I. M., Pedrero Hernández, C., Molina Rueda, F., & Cano de la Cuerda, R. (2012). Effects of vibrotherapy on postural control, functionality and fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. A randomised clinical trial. Neurologia, 27(3), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2011.04.019
- Beghi, E., Gervasoni, E., Pupillo, E., Bianchi, E., Montesano, A., Aprile, I., Agostini, M., Rovaris, M., & Cattaneo, D. (2018). Prediction of Falls in Subjects Suffering From Parkinson Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 99(4), 641-651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.10.009
- Broekmans, T., Roelants, M., Alders, G., Feys, P., Thijs, H., & Eijnde, B. O. (2010). Exploring the effects of a 20-week whole-body vibration training programme on leg muscle performance and function in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Rehabil Med, 42(9), 866-872. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0609
- Campbell, J. D., Ghushchyan, V., Brett McQueen, R., Cahoon-Metzger, S., Livingston, T., Vollmer, T., . . . Nair, K. (2014). Burden of multiple sclerosis on direct, indirect costs and quality of life: National US estimates. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 3(2), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.09.004
- Cardinale, M., & Bosco, C. (2003). The use of vibration as an exercise intervention. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 31(1), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003677-200301000-00002
- Cardinale, M., & Wakeling, J. (2005). Whole body vibration exercise: are vibrations good for you? Br J Sports Med, 39(9), 585-589; discussion 589. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.016857
- Cetisli Korkmaz, N., Can Akman, T., Kilavuz Oren, G., & Bir, L. S. (2018). Trunk control: The essence for upper limb functionality in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 24, 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2018.06.013
- Citaker, S., Gunduz, A. G., Guclu, M. B., Nazliel, B., Irkec, C., & Kaya, D. (2011). Relationship between foot sensation and standing balance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Gait Posture, 34(2), 275-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.05.015
- Claerbout, M., Gebara, B., Ilsbroukx, S., Verschueren, S., Peers, K., Van Asch, P., & Feys, P. (2012). Effects of 3 weeks' whole body vibration training on muscle strength and functional mobility in hospitalized persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler, 18(4), 498-505. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458511423267
- Comber, L., Sosnoff, J. J., Galvin, R., & Coote, S. (2018). Postural control deficits in people with Multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait Posture, 61, 445-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.018
- Ebersbach, G., Edler, D., Kaufhold, O., & Wissel, J. (2008). Whole body vibration versus conventional physiotherapy to improve balance and gait in Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 89(3), 399-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.09.031
- Engel-Yeger, B., DeLuca, J., Hake, P., & Goverover, Y. (2021). The role of sensory processing difficulties, cognitive impairment, and disease severity in predicting functional behavior among patients with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil, 43(8), 1129-1136. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1653998
- Fritz, N. E., Eloyan, A., Glaister, J., Dewey, B. E., Al-Louzi, O., Costello, M. G., . . . Zackowski, K. M. (2019). Quantitative vibratory sensation measurement is related to sensory cortical thickness in MS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 6(3), 586-595. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.734
- Hauser, S. L., & Cree, B. A. C. (2020). Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Am J Med, 133(12), 1380-1390.e1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.049
- Hilgers, C., Mündermann, A., Riehle, H., & Dettmers, C. (2013). Effects of whole-body vibration training on physical function in patients with multiple sclerosis. NeuroRehabilitation, 32(3), 655-663. https://doi.org/10.3233/nre-130888
- Hugos, C. L., Joos, S. K., Perumean-Chaney, S. E., Cutter, G. R., & Cameron, M. H. (2024). Stretching is not essential for managing MS spasticity: A randomized controlled trial. Mult Scler, 30(1), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585231215960
- In, T., Jung, K., Lee, M. G., & Cho, H. Y. (2018). Whole-body vibration improves ankle spasticity, balance, and walking ability in individuals with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 42(4), 491-497. https://doi.org/10.3233/nre-172333
- Jaime, S. J., Maharaj, A., Alvarez-Alvarado, S., & Figueroa, A. (2019). Impact of low-intensity resistance and whole-body vibration training on aortic hemodynamics and vascular function in postmenopausal women. Hypertens Res, 42(12), 1979-1988. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-019-0328-1
- Johansson, B. B. (2000). Brain plasticity and stroke rehabilitation. The Willis lecture. Stroke, 31(1), 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.31.1.223
- Ko, M. C., Wu, L. S., Lee, S., Wang, C. C., Lee, P. F., Tseng, C. Y., & Ho, C. C. (2017). Whole-body vibration training improves balance control and sit-to-stand performance among middle-aged and older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act, 14, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-017-0180-8
- Krause, A., Lee, K., Freyler, K., Bührer, T., Gollhofer, A., & Ritzmann, R. (2019). Whole-body vibration impedes the deterioration of postural control in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 31, 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.03.026
- Kwakkel, G. (2006). Impact of intensity of practice after stroke: issues for consideration. Disabil Rehabil, 28(13-14), 823-830. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280500534861
- Liu, Y., Fan, Y., & Chen, X. (2022). Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training with Different Body Positions and Amplitudes on Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Middle-Aged and Older Women. Dose Response, 20(3), 15593258221112960. https://doi.org/10.1177/15593258221112960
- Marín, P. J., García-Gutiérrez, M. T., Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E., & Hazell, T. J. (2015). The addition of synchronous whole-body vibration to battling rope exercise increases skeletal muscle activity. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 15(3), 240-248.
- Martin, B. J., & Park, H. S. (1997). Analysis of the tonic vibration reflex: influence of vibration variables on motor unit synchronization and fatigue. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 75(6), 504-511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050196
- Mester, J., Kleinöder, H., & Yue, Z. (2006). Vibration training: benefits and risks. J Biomech, 39(6), 1056-1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.02.015
- Newhart, S., Pearson, A., Salas, E., Jones, C., Hulla, R., & Gatchel, R. J. P. P. M. (2019). Whole body vibration: potential benefits in the management of pain and physical function.1, 1-12. Newsome, S. D., Wang, J. I., Kang, J. Y., Calabresi, P. A., & Zackowski, K. M. (2011). Quantitative measures detect sensory and motor impairments in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci, 305(1-2), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2011.03.003
- Ozkul, C., Guclu-Gunduz, A., Eldemir, K., Apaydin, Y., Yazici, G., & Irkec, C. (2020). Clinical features and physical performance in multiple sclerosis patients with and without cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study. Int J Rehabil Res, 43(4), 316-323. https://doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0000000000000428
- Park, S. H., Oh, Y. J., Seo, J. H., & Lee, M. M. (2022). Effect of stabilization exercise combined with respiratory resistance and whole body vibration on patients with lumbar instability: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(46), e31843. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000031843
- Rittweger, J., Mutschelknauss, M., & Felsenberg, D. (2003). Acute changes in neuromuscular excitability after exhaustive whole body vibration exercise as compared to exhaustion by squatting exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 23(2), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1475-097x.2003.00473.x
- Scherder, R. J., Kant, N., Wolf, E. T., Pijnenburg, B. C. M., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2018). Sensory Function and Chronic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis. Pain Res Manag, 2018, 1924174. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1924174
- Schuhfried, O., Mittermaier, C., Jovanovic, T., Pieber, K., & Paternostro-Sluga, T. (2005). Effects of whole-body vibration in patients with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Clin Rehabil, 19(8), 834-842. https://doi.org/10.1191/0269215505cr919oa
- Schyns, F., Paul, L., Finlay, K., Ferguson, C., & Noble, E. (2009). Vibration therapy in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study exploring its effects on tone, muscle force, sensation and functional performance. Clin Rehabil, 23(9), 771-781. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215508101758
- Turbanski, S., Haas, C. T., Schmidtbleicher, D., Friedrich, A., & Duisberg, P. (2005). Effects of random whole-body vibration on postural control in Parkinson's disease. Res Sports Med, 13(3), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620500222588
- Uhm, Y. H., & Yang, D. J. (2017). The effects of whole body vibration combined biofeedback postural control training on the balance ability and gait ability in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci, 29(11), 2022-2025. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.2022
- Wolfsegger, T., Assar, H., & Topakian, R. (2014). 3-week whole body vibration does not improve gait function in mildly affected multiple sclerosis patients--a randomized controlled trial. J Neurol Sci, 347(1-2), 119-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2014.09.030
- Yang, F., & Liu, X. (2020). Relative importance of vision and proprioception in maintaining standing balance in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 39, 101901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.101901
Multipl Skleroz Rehabilitasyonunda Tüm Vücut Vibrasyon Uygulaması
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 419 - 431, 28.01.2025
Tansu Kuş
,
Arzu Güçlü Gündüz
Öz
Merkezi sinir sisteminin otoimmün hastalığı olan Multipl Skleroz (MS), denge ve mobilitenin kontrolünden sorumlu duyu-algı ve motor sistemlerde fonksiyonel bozukluklara neden olmaktadır. MS’li bireylerde postüral stabilitenin azalması günlük yaşamda denge ile ilişkili aktivitelerde yetersizliklerin ortaya çıkmasına ve yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Hastalığın kronik seyri boyunca denge ve mobilitenin geliştirilmesinde egzersiz metotları ile teknoloji temelli fizyoterapi yaklaşımlarının kullanılması önerilmektedir. Tüm vücut vibrasyon (TVV) uygulaması postüral kontrol, denge ve kas gücünü geliştirmek amacı ile fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon alanında kullanılan yöntemlerden biridir. Diğer taraftan, MS’li bireylerde TVV uygulamasının etkilerinin yeterince incelenmediği görülmektedir. Bu derleme ile MS’li bireylerde TVV uygulamasının farklı fonksiyonel sistemler üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Kaynakça
- Abbasi, M., Kordi Yoosefinejad, A., Poursadeghfard, M., Parsaei Jahromi, F., Motealleh, A., & Sobhani, S. (2019). Whole body vibration improves core muscle strength and endurance in ambulant individuals with multiple sclerosis: A randomized clinical trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 32, 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.04.028
- Alam, M. M., Khan, A. A., & Farooq, M. (2018). Effect of whole-body vibration on neuromuscular performance: A literature review. Work, 59(4), 571-583. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-182699
- Alentorn-Geli, E., Padilla, J., Moras, G., Lázaro Haro, C., & Fernández-Solà, J. (2008). Six weeks of whole-body vibration exercise improves pain and fatigue in women with fibromyalgia. J Altern Complement Med, 14(8), 975-981. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0050
- Alguacil Diego, I. M., Pedrero Hernández, C., Molina Rueda, F., & Cano de la Cuerda, R. (2012). Effects of vibrotherapy on postural control, functionality and fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. A randomised clinical trial. Neurologia, 27(3), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2011.04.019
- Beghi, E., Gervasoni, E., Pupillo, E., Bianchi, E., Montesano, A., Aprile, I., Agostini, M., Rovaris, M., & Cattaneo, D. (2018). Prediction of Falls in Subjects Suffering From Parkinson Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 99(4), 641-651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.10.009
- Broekmans, T., Roelants, M., Alders, G., Feys, P., Thijs, H., & Eijnde, B. O. (2010). Exploring the effects of a 20-week whole-body vibration training programme on leg muscle performance and function in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Rehabil Med, 42(9), 866-872. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0609
- Campbell, J. D., Ghushchyan, V., Brett McQueen, R., Cahoon-Metzger, S., Livingston, T., Vollmer, T., . . . Nair, K. (2014). Burden of multiple sclerosis on direct, indirect costs and quality of life: National US estimates. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 3(2), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.09.004
- Cardinale, M., & Bosco, C. (2003). The use of vibration as an exercise intervention. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 31(1), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003677-200301000-00002
- Cardinale, M., & Wakeling, J. (2005). Whole body vibration exercise: are vibrations good for you? Br J Sports Med, 39(9), 585-589; discussion 589. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.016857
- Cetisli Korkmaz, N., Can Akman, T., Kilavuz Oren, G., & Bir, L. S. (2018). Trunk control: The essence for upper limb functionality in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 24, 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2018.06.013
- Citaker, S., Gunduz, A. G., Guclu, M. B., Nazliel, B., Irkec, C., & Kaya, D. (2011). Relationship between foot sensation and standing balance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Gait Posture, 34(2), 275-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.05.015
- Claerbout, M., Gebara, B., Ilsbroukx, S., Verschueren, S., Peers, K., Van Asch, P., & Feys, P. (2012). Effects of 3 weeks' whole body vibration training on muscle strength and functional mobility in hospitalized persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler, 18(4), 498-505. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458511423267
- Comber, L., Sosnoff, J. J., Galvin, R., & Coote, S. (2018). Postural control deficits in people with Multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait Posture, 61, 445-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.018
- Ebersbach, G., Edler, D., Kaufhold, O., & Wissel, J. (2008). Whole body vibration versus conventional physiotherapy to improve balance and gait in Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 89(3), 399-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.09.031
- Engel-Yeger, B., DeLuca, J., Hake, P., & Goverover, Y. (2021). The role of sensory processing difficulties, cognitive impairment, and disease severity in predicting functional behavior among patients with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil, 43(8), 1129-1136. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1653998
- Fritz, N. E., Eloyan, A., Glaister, J., Dewey, B. E., Al-Louzi, O., Costello, M. G., . . . Zackowski, K. M. (2019). Quantitative vibratory sensation measurement is related to sensory cortical thickness in MS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 6(3), 586-595. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.734
- Hauser, S. L., & Cree, B. A. C. (2020). Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Am J Med, 133(12), 1380-1390.e1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.049
- Hilgers, C., Mündermann, A., Riehle, H., & Dettmers, C. (2013). Effects of whole-body vibration training on physical function in patients with multiple sclerosis. NeuroRehabilitation, 32(3), 655-663. https://doi.org/10.3233/nre-130888
- Hugos, C. L., Joos, S. K., Perumean-Chaney, S. E., Cutter, G. R., & Cameron, M. H. (2024). Stretching is not essential for managing MS spasticity: A randomized controlled trial. Mult Scler, 30(1), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585231215960
- In, T., Jung, K., Lee, M. G., & Cho, H. Y. (2018). Whole-body vibration improves ankle spasticity, balance, and walking ability in individuals with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 42(4), 491-497. https://doi.org/10.3233/nre-172333
- Jaime, S. J., Maharaj, A., Alvarez-Alvarado, S., & Figueroa, A. (2019). Impact of low-intensity resistance and whole-body vibration training on aortic hemodynamics and vascular function in postmenopausal women. Hypertens Res, 42(12), 1979-1988. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-019-0328-1
- Johansson, B. B. (2000). Brain plasticity and stroke rehabilitation. The Willis lecture. Stroke, 31(1), 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.31.1.223
- Ko, M. C., Wu, L. S., Lee, S., Wang, C. C., Lee, P. F., Tseng, C. Y., & Ho, C. C. (2017). Whole-body vibration training improves balance control and sit-to-stand performance among middle-aged and older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act, 14, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-017-0180-8
- Krause, A., Lee, K., Freyler, K., Bührer, T., Gollhofer, A., & Ritzmann, R. (2019). Whole-body vibration impedes the deterioration of postural control in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 31, 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.03.026
- Kwakkel, G. (2006). Impact of intensity of practice after stroke: issues for consideration. Disabil Rehabil, 28(13-14), 823-830. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280500534861
- Liu, Y., Fan, Y., & Chen, X. (2022). Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training with Different Body Positions and Amplitudes on Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Middle-Aged and Older Women. Dose Response, 20(3), 15593258221112960. https://doi.org/10.1177/15593258221112960
- Marín, P. J., García-Gutiérrez, M. T., Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E., & Hazell, T. J. (2015). The addition of synchronous whole-body vibration to battling rope exercise increases skeletal muscle activity. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 15(3), 240-248.
- Martin, B. J., & Park, H. S. (1997). Analysis of the tonic vibration reflex: influence of vibration variables on motor unit synchronization and fatigue. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 75(6), 504-511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050196
- Mester, J., Kleinöder, H., & Yue, Z. (2006). Vibration training: benefits and risks. J Biomech, 39(6), 1056-1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.02.015
- Newhart, S., Pearson, A., Salas, E., Jones, C., Hulla, R., & Gatchel, R. J. P. P. M. (2019). Whole body vibration: potential benefits in the management of pain and physical function.1, 1-12. Newsome, S. D., Wang, J. I., Kang, J. Y., Calabresi, P. A., & Zackowski, K. M. (2011). Quantitative measures detect sensory and motor impairments in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci, 305(1-2), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2011.03.003
- Ozkul, C., Guclu-Gunduz, A., Eldemir, K., Apaydin, Y., Yazici, G., & Irkec, C. (2020). Clinical features and physical performance in multiple sclerosis patients with and without cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study. Int J Rehabil Res, 43(4), 316-323. https://doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0000000000000428
- Park, S. H., Oh, Y. J., Seo, J. H., & Lee, M. M. (2022). Effect of stabilization exercise combined with respiratory resistance and whole body vibration on patients with lumbar instability: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(46), e31843. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000031843
- Rittweger, J., Mutschelknauss, M., & Felsenberg, D. (2003). Acute changes in neuromuscular excitability after exhaustive whole body vibration exercise as compared to exhaustion by squatting exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 23(2), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1475-097x.2003.00473.x
- Scherder, R. J., Kant, N., Wolf, E. T., Pijnenburg, B. C. M., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2018). Sensory Function and Chronic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis. Pain Res Manag, 2018, 1924174. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1924174
- Schuhfried, O., Mittermaier, C., Jovanovic, T., Pieber, K., & Paternostro-Sluga, T. (2005). Effects of whole-body vibration in patients with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Clin Rehabil, 19(8), 834-842. https://doi.org/10.1191/0269215505cr919oa
- Schyns, F., Paul, L., Finlay, K., Ferguson, C., & Noble, E. (2009). Vibration therapy in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study exploring its effects on tone, muscle force, sensation and functional performance. Clin Rehabil, 23(9), 771-781. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215508101758
- Turbanski, S., Haas, C. T., Schmidtbleicher, D., Friedrich, A., & Duisberg, P. (2005). Effects of random whole-body vibration on postural control in Parkinson's disease. Res Sports Med, 13(3), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620500222588
- Uhm, Y. H., & Yang, D. J. (2017). The effects of whole body vibration combined biofeedback postural control training on the balance ability and gait ability in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci, 29(11), 2022-2025. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.2022
- Wolfsegger, T., Assar, H., & Topakian, R. (2014). 3-week whole body vibration does not improve gait function in mildly affected multiple sclerosis patients--a randomized controlled trial. J Neurol Sci, 347(1-2), 119-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2014.09.030
- Yang, F., & Liu, X. (2020). Relative importance of vision and proprioception in maintaining standing balance in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 39, 101901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.101901