Araştırma Makalesi
Morphometric Assessment of Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio, Bloch, 1782) inhabiting Bayat Pond (Ankara, Türkiye): Insights into Length–Weight Relationship, Condition Factor, and Length–Length Conversions
Öz
This study aims to investigate the biometric characteristics of the invasive cyprinid Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp) inhabiting Bayat Pond, a lentic freshwater body located in Ankara Province, Turkey. A total of 45 individuals were sampled during the spring of 2017 and analyzed for length–weight relationships (LWR), condition factor (K), and length–length relationships (LLRs). The LWR equation was calculated as W = 0.011·TL³.²¹⁴ (R² = 0.973), with the exponent b significantly differing from 3 (p < 0.05), indicating positive allometric growth. The 95 % confidence interval for the growth exponent lay between 3.051 and 3.377. An average condition factor of 2.27 ± 0.26 points to a population in generally sound health. When set against more than thirty published data sets from both still- and running-water habitats, the Bayat Pond b and K values fall comfortably within the broad spectrum reported for the species—evidence of its pronounced phenotypic flexibility and capacity to adjust to local conditions. Strong linear fits among total, fork and standard lengths (all R² > 0.96) further enable robust conversion between length metrics. Taken together, these results supply a valuable baseline for tracking the ecology of C. gibelio in Turkish inland waters and support informed management of this invasive cyprinid.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Prussian carp biometric analysis morphometry growth pattern freshwater ecosystem
Kaynakça
- Ağdamar S and Gaygusuz Ö (2021). Condition, length-length and length-weight relationships for four introduced freshwater fish species from an island ecosystem (Gökçeada, Turkey). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 6(3): 403-408.
- Anderson RO and Neumann RM (1996). Length, weight, and associated structural indices. In: Murphy BR, Willis DW (Eds.), Fisheries Techniques (2nd ed.), American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, pp. 447-482
- Apaydın Yağcı M, Alp A, Yağcı A, Uysal R, Bilgin F, Cesur M, Yeğen V (2022). Length-weight relationships of ten fish species from Lake Eğirdir, Turkey. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 7(2): 105-109.
- Bagenal TB and Tesch FW (1978). Age and growth. In: Bagenal TB (Ed.), Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters (3rd ed.), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 101-136.
- Baki B, Kaya Öztürk D, Uzun Gören G (2022). Determination of some biological characteristics of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio): the example of Bafra Balik lakes (Türkiye). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 10(1): 64-71.
- Balık İ, Özkök R, Çubuk H, Uysal R (2004). Investigation of some biological characteristics of the silver crucian carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) population in Lake Eğirdir. Turkish Journal of Zoology 28(1): 19-28.
- Blackwell BG, Brown ML, Willis DW (2000). Relative weight (Wr) status and current use in fisheries assessment and management. Reviews in Fisheries Science 8(1): 1-44.
- Bolger T and Connolly PL (1989). The selection of suitable indices for the measurement and analysis of fish condition. Journal of Fish Biology 34(2): 171-182.
- Bostancı D, Polat N, Akyürek M (2007a). Some biological aspects of the crucian carp, Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782 inhabiting in Eğirdir Lake. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences 1(3): 55-58.
- Bostancı D, Polat N, Kandemir Ş, Yılmaz S (2007b). Bafra Balık Gölü'nde yaşayan havuz balığı, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)'nun kondisyon faktörü ve boy-ağırlık ilişkisinin belirlenmesi. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Dergisi (E-Dergi) 2(2): 117-125.
- Bulut S, Mert R, Algan B, Özbek M, Ünal B, Konuk M (2013). Several growth characteristics of an invasive cyprinid fish (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782). Notulae Scientia Biologicae 5(2): 133-138.
- Çiçek E, Seçer B, Sungur S, Eagderi S, Bahçeci H (2022). Length-weight relationships and condition factors of eight exotic fish species from Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Water Science & Management 6(2): 260-274.
- Copp GH, Bianco PG, Bogutskaya NG, Eros T, Falka I, Ferreira MT, et al. (2005). To be, or not to be, a non‐native freshwater fish? Journal of Applied Ichthyology 21(4): 242-262.
- Dereli H, Bayhan B, Ölçek ZS (2021). The life history of the non-native cyprinid fish Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from Demirköprü Reservoir in the Aegean Region in Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology 17(2): 187-195.
- Emiroğlu Ö, Tarkan AS, Top N, Başkurt S, Sülün Ş (2012). Growth and life history traits of a highly exploited population of non-native gibel carp, Carassius gibelio from a large eutrophic lake (Lake Uluabat, NW Turkey): is reproduction the key factor for establishment success? Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12(4): 925-936.
- Ergüden SA (2015). Age and growth properties of Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) living in the middle basin of Seyhan River in Adana, Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 47(5): 1365-1371.
- Fazli H, Daryanabard GR, Janbaz A, Mirzaei R, Hosseinpour H, Vahedi N (2018). Some biological characteristics of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in the Azad Dam Lake in Western Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 5(3): 243-249.
- Froese R (2006). Cube law, condition factor and weight–length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 241-253.
- Gozlan RE, Britton JR, Cowx I, Copp GH (2010). Current knowledge on non‐native freshwater fish introductions. Journal of Fish Biology 76(4): 751-786.
- Hajiradkouchak E, Patimar R, Harsij M, Ghorbani R (2016). Study on growth properties of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in Golestan and Voshmgir dam Lake of Golestan Province- Northern Iran Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research 9(4): 11-25.
- İlhan A and Sarı HM (2015). Length-weight relationships of fish species in Marmara Lake, West Anatolia, Turkey. Croatian Journal of Fisheries 73(1): 30-32.
- İlhan A, Sarı HM, Kurtul I (2020). Growth parameters of invasive gibel carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in Lake Marmara (Turkey). Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 49(4): 383-390.
- İnnal D (2012). Age and growth properties of Carassius gibelio (Cyprinidae) living in Aksu River Estuary (Antalya-Turkey). Review of Hydrobiology 5(2): 97-109.
- İnnal D, Çağlan DC, Özdemir F (2019). Fish species composition and length-weight relationships in Onaç Creek (Burdur-Turkey). Acta Biologica Turcica, 32(3): 135-142.
- King M (2007). Fisheries Biology, Assessment and Management (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Kottelat M and Freyhof J (2007). Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes, Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland.
- Le Cren (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology 20(2): 201-219.
- Lizama M A P and Ambrósio A M (2002). Condition factor in nine species of fish of the Characidae family in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 62(1): 113–124.
- Reis İ, Cerim H, Ateş C (2019). Length-weight relationship of 13 fish species from the Lower Sakarya River, Turkey. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 34(3): 86–89.
- Ribeiro F, Elvira B, Collares-Pereira MJ, Moyle PB (2008). Life-history traits of non-native fishes in Iberian watersheds across several invasion stages: a first approach. Biological Invasions 10(1): 89–102.
- Ricker W E (1975). Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 191.
- Saç G and Okgerman H (2015). Growth and reproduction of a non-native fish species Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from Büyükçekmece Lake (Istanbul, Turkey). IUFS Journal of Biology 74(1): 1–12.
- Sarı HM, Balık S, Ustaoğlu MR, İlhan A (2008). Population structure, growth and mortality of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in Buldan Dam Lake. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 8(1): 25–29.
- Stavrescu-Bedivan MM, Matei PB, Urdeş LD (2015). A Brief Survey of Length-Weight Relationship in Gibel Carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782) from Cişmigiu Lake. Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science 58: 391-394.
- Sungur Birecikligil S, Çiçek E, Öztürk S, Seçer B, Celepoğlu Y (2016). Length-length, length-weight relationship and condition factor of fishes in Nevşehir Province, Kızılırmak River Basin (Turkey). Acta Biologica Turcica 29(3): 72-77.
- Şimşek E and Kale S (2022). Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio, Bloch, 1782) from Asi River. Journal of Agricultural Production 3(2): 69–77.
- Tarkan AS, Gaygusuz Ö, Acıpınar H, Gürsoy Ç, Özuluğ M (2006). Length-weight relationship of fishes from the Marmara region (NW-Turkey). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 271–273.
- Tarkan AS, Gaygusuz Ö, Acıpınar H, Gürsoy Gaygusuz Ç, Copp GH (2012). Circumstantial evidence of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) as the most invasive fish in Turkish inland waters. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28(4): 615–620.
- Yalçın Özdilek Ş and Partal N (2022). Length-weight relationships and condition factors of three fish species in the Karamenderes Stream (Çanakkale, Türkiye). Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections 6(1): 21-25.
- Yazıcı R and Saylar Ö (2022). Length-weight and length-length relationships and condition factor of an endemic fish species (Capoeta tinca (Heckel, 1843)) inhabiting Bayat Pond (Ankara, Türkiye). Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research 6(2): 132–137.
- Yazıcıoğlu O, Yılmaz S, Yazıcı R, Polat N (2013). Ladik Gölü (Samsun, Türkiye)'nde Yaşayan Havuz Balığı, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)'nın Kondisyon Faktörü, Boy-Ağırlık ve Boy-Boy İlişkileri. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 3(9): 72-80
- Zar J H (1999). Biostatistical Analysis (4th ed.). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
Bayat Göleti (Ankara, Türkiye)’nde Yaşayan İsrail Sazanı (Carassius gibelio, Bloch 1782) Üzerine Morfometrik Bir Değerlendirme: Boy-Ağırlık İlişkisi, Kondisyon Faktörü ve Boy-Boy Dönüşümleri Üzerine Bulgular
Öz
Bu çalışma, Ankara ilinde yer alan lentik bir iç su kütlesi olan Bayat Göleti’nde yaşayan istilacı sazan türü Carassius gibelio’nun biyometrik özelliklerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. 2017 yılı ilkbahar döneminde toplam 45 birey örneklenmiş ve boy–ağırlık ilişkisi (LWR), kondisyon faktörü (K) ve boy–boy dönüşüm ilişkileri (LLRs) analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen LWR denklemi W = 0.011·TL³.²¹⁴ (R² = 0.973) olup, b katsayısı 3’ten istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklı bulunmuştur (p < 0.05), bu da pozitif allometrik büyümeyi işaret etmektedir. b değeri için %95 güven aralığı 3.051–3.377 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ortalama kondisyon faktörü 2.27 (±0.26) olup bireylerin genel fizyolojik durumunun iyi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bayat Göleti verileri, Türkiye ve çevresindeki 30’dan fazla tatlı su habitatında yapılmış önceki çalışmalarla karşılaştırıldığında, b ve K değerlerinin geniş bir aralıkta değiştiği ve türün çevresel koşullara karşı yüksek fenotipik plastisite gösterdiği ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca, total, fork ve standard uzunluk ölçümleri arasında güçlü doğrusal ilişkiler (R² > 0.96) bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu bulgular, iç sularda C. gibelio popülasyonlarının izlenmesi ve istilacı türlerin ekosistem yönetimi açısından önemli bir temel veri sağlamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
İsrail sazanı biyometrik analiz morfometri büyüme tipi tatlısu ekosistemi.
Kaynakça
- Ağdamar S and Gaygusuz Ö (2021). Condition, length-length and length-weight relationships for four introduced freshwater fish species from an island ecosystem (Gökçeada, Turkey). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 6(3): 403-408.
- Anderson RO and Neumann RM (1996). Length, weight, and associated structural indices. In: Murphy BR, Willis DW (Eds.), Fisheries Techniques (2nd ed.), American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, pp. 447-482
- Apaydın Yağcı M, Alp A, Yağcı A, Uysal R, Bilgin F, Cesur M, Yeğen V (2022). Length-weight relationships of ten fish species from Lake Eğirdir, Turkey. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 7(2): 105-109.
- Bagenal TB and Tesch FW (1978). Age and growth. In: Bagenal TB (Ed.), Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters (3rd ed.), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 101-136.
- Baki B, Kaya Öztürk D, Uzun Gören G (2022). Determination of some biological characteristics of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio): the example of Bafra Balik lakes (Türkiye). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 10(1): 64-71.
- Balık İ, Özkök R, Çubuk H, Uysal R (2004). Investigation of some biological characteristics of the silver crucian carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) population in Lake Eğirdir. Turkish Journal of Zoology 28(1): 19-28.
- Blackwell BG, Brown ML, Willis DW (2000). Relative weight (Wr) status and current use in fisheries assessment and management. Reviews in Fisheries Science 8(1): 1-44.
- Bolger T and Connolly PL (1989). The selection of suitable indices for the measurement and analysis of fish condition. Journal of Fish Biology 34(2): 171-182.
- Bostancı D, Polat N, Akyürek M (2007a). Some biological aspects of the crucian carp, Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782 inhabiting in Eğirdir Lake. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences 1(3): 55-58.
- Bostancı D, Polat N, Kandemir Ş, Yılmaz S (2007b). Bafra Balık Gölü'nde yaşayan havuz balığı, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)'nun kondisyon faktörü ve boy-ağırlık ilişkisinin belirlenmesi. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Dergisi (E-Dergi) 2(2): 117-125.
- Bulut S, Mert R, Algan B, Özbek M, Ünal B, Konuk M (2013). Several growth characteristics of an invasive cyprinid fish (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782). Notulae Scientia Biologicae 5(2): 133-138.
- Çiçek E, Seçer B, Sungur S, Eagderi S, Bahçeci H (2022). Length-weight relationships and condition factors of eight exotic fish species from Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Water Science & Management 6(2): 260-274.
- Copp GH, Bianco PG, Bogutskaya NG, Eros T, Falka I, Ferreira MT, et al. (2005). To be, or not to be, a non‐native freshwater fish? Journal of Applied Ichthyology 21(4): 242-262.
- Dereli H, Bayhan B, Ölçek ZS (2021). The life history of the non-native cyprinid fish Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from Demirköprü Reservoir in the Aegean Region in Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology 17(2): 187-195.
- Emiroğlu Ö, Tarkan AS, Top N, Başkurt S, Sülün Ş (2012). Growth and life history traits of a highly exploited population of non-native gibel carp, Carassius gibelio from a large eutrophic lake (Lake Uluabat, NW Turkey): is reproduction the key factor for establishment success? Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12(4): 925-936.
- Ergüden SA (2015). Age and growth properties of Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) living in the middle basin of Seyhan River in Adana, Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 47(5): 1365-1371.
- Fazli H, Daryanabard GR, Janbaz A, Mirzaei R, Hosseinpour H, Vahedi N (2018). Some biological characteristics of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in the Azad Dam Lake in Western Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 5(3): 243-249.
- Froese R (2006). Cube law, condition factor and weight–length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 241-253.
- Gozlan RE, Britton JR, Cowx I, Copp GH (2010). Current knowledge on non‐native freshwater fish introductions. Journal of Fish Biology 76(4): 751-786.
- Hajiradkouchak E, Patimar R, Harsij M, Ghorbani R (2016). Study on growth properties of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in Golestan and Voshmgir dam Lake of Golestan Province- Northern Iran Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research 9(4): 11-25.
- İlhan A and Sarı HM (2015). Length-weight relationships of fish species in Marmara Lake, West Anatolia, Turkey. Croatian Journal of Fisheries 73(1): 30-32.
- İlhan A, Sarı HM, Kurtul I (2020). Growth parameters of invasive gibel carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in Lake Marmara (Turkey). Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 49(4): 383-390.
- İnnal D (2012). Age and growth properties of Carassius gibelio (Cyprinidae) living in Aksu River Estuary (Antalya-Turkey). Review of Hydrobiology 5(2): 97-109.
- İnnal D, Çağlan DC, Özdemir F (2019). Fish species composition and length-weight relationships in Onaç Creek (Burdur-Turkey). Acta Biologica Turcica, 32(3): 135-142.
- King M (2007). Fisheries Biology, Assessment and Management (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Kottelat M and Freyhof J (2007). Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes, Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland.
- Le Cren (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology 20(2): 201-219.
- Lizama M A P and Ambrósio A M (2002). Condition factor in nine species of fish of the Characidae family in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 62(1): 113–124.
- Reis İ, Cerim H, Ateş C (2019). Length-weight relationship of 13 fish species from the Lower Sakarya River, Turkey. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 34(3): 86–89.
- Ribeiro F, Elvira B, Collares-Pereira MJ, Moyle PB (2008). Life-history traits of non-native fishes in Iberian watersheds across several invasion stages: a first approach. Biological Invasions 10(1): 89–102.
- Ricker W E (1975). Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 191.
- Saç G and Okgerman H (2015). Growth and reproduction of a non-native fish species Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from Büyükçekmece Lake (Istanbul, Turkey). IUFS Journal of Biology 74(1): 1–12.
- Sarı HM, Balık S, Ustaoğlu MR, İlhan A (2008). Population structure, growth and mortality of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in Buldan Dam Lake. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 8(1): 25–29.
- Stavrescu-Bedivan MM, Matei PB, Urdeş LD (2015). A Brief Survey of Length-Weight Relationship in Gibel Carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782) from Cişmigiu Lake. Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science 58: 391-394.
- Sungur Birecikligil S, Çiçek E, Öztürk S, Seçer B, Celepoğlu Y (2016). Length-length, length-weight relationship and condition factor of fishes in Nevşehir Province, Kızılırmak River Basin (Turkey). Acta Biologica Turcica 29(3): 72-77.
- Şimşek E and Kale S (2022). Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio, Bloch, 1782) from Asi River. Journal of Agricultural Production 3(2): 69–77.
- Tarkan AS, Gaygusuz Ö, Acıpınar H, Gürsoy Ç, Özuluğ M (2006). Length-weight relationship of fishes from the Marmara region (NW-Turkey). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 271–273.
- Tarkan AS, Gaygusuz Ö, Acıpınar H, Gürsoy Gaygusuz Ç, Copp GH (2012). Circumstantial evidence of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) as the most invasive fish in Turkish inland waters. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28(4): 615–620.
- Yalçın Özdilek Ş and Partal N (2022). Length-weight relationships and condition factors of three fish species in the Karamenderes Stream (Çanakkale, Türkiye). Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections 6(1): 21-25.
- Yazıcı R and Saylar Ö (2022). Length-weight and length-length relationships and condition factor of an endemic fish species (Capoeta tinca (Heckel, 1843)) inhabiting Bayat Pond (Ankara, Türkiye). Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research 6(2): 132–137.
- Yazıcıoğlu O, Yılmaz S, Yazıcı R, Polat N (2013). Ladik Gölü (Samsun, Türkiye)'nde Yaşayan Havuz Balığı, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)'nın Kondisyon Faktörü, Boy-Ağırlık ve Boy-Boy İlişkileri. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 3(9): 72-80
- Zar J H (1999). Biostatistical Analysis (4th ed.). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hayvan Bilimi (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 12 Haziran 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 16 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1 |
