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Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tedavisinde Psilosibin

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 90 - 99, 30.04.2025

Doğancan Sönmez , Aslı Enzel Koç

Öz

Psilosibin, klasik bir serotonerjik psikedelik madde olup, depresyon, anksiyete, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, yeme bozuklukları ve bağımlılık gibi ruhsal bozuklukların tedavisinde umut vaat etmektedir. Bu derleme, mevcut literatürü analiz ederek, psilosibinin terapötik etkilerini, olası mekanizmalarını ve klinik kullanımına dair etik ve yasal konuları ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, psilosibin destekli terapilerin gelecekteki klinik uygulamalarına ışık tutacak öneriler sunulmaktadır. Bu makale, psilosibinin potansiyelini anlamak ve ruh sağlığı alanında yeni tedavi stratejileri geliştirmek isteyen araştırmacılar ve klinisyenler için bir kaynak olmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikedelik Psilosibin Ruhsal bozukluklar Tedavi

Kaynakça

  • Andrews, C. M., Hall, W., Humphreys, K., & Marsden, J. (2024). Crafting effective regulatory policies for psychedelics: What can be learned from the case of cannabis? Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.16575
  • Araújo, A. M., Carvalho, F., Bastos Mde, L., Guedes de Pinho, P., & Carvalho, M. (2015). The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review. Arch Toxicol, 89(8), 1151-1173. doi:10.1007/s00204-015-1513-x
  • Barber, G. S., & Dike, C. C. (2023). Ethical and Practical Considerations for the Use of Psychedelics in Psychiatry. Psychiatr Serv, 74(8), 838-846. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.20220525
  • Barrett, F. S., Doss, M. K., Sepeda, N. D., Pekar, J. J., & Griffiths, R. R. (2020). Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin. Sci Rep, 10(1), 2214. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59282-y
  • Bogenschutz, M. P., Ross, S., Bhatt, S., Baron, T., Forcehimes, A. A., Laska, E., Mennenga, S. E., O'Donnell, K., Owens, L. T., Podrebarac, S., Rotrosen, J., Tonigan, J. S., & Worth, L. (2022). Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(10), 953-962. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2096
  • Bonnieux, J. N., VanderZwaag, B., Premji, Z., Garcia-Romeu, A., & Garcia-Barrera, M. A. (2023). Psilocybin's effects on cognition and creativity: A scoping review. J Psychopharmacol, 37(7), 635-648. doi:10.1177/02698811231179801
  • Buntrock, C., Harrer, M., Sprenger, A. A., Illing, S., Sakata, M., Furukawa, T. A., Ebert, D. D., & Cuijpers, P. (2024). Psychological interventions to prevent the onset of major depression in adults: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 11(12), 990–1001. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(24)00345-6
  • Cahill, K., Stevens, S., & Lancaster, T. (2014). Pharmacological treatments for smoking cessation. JAMA, 311(2), 193–194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.283787
  • Calder, A., Mock, S., Friedli, N., Pasi, P., & Hasler, G. (2023). Psychedelics in the treatment of eating disorders: Rationale and potential mechanisms. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 75, 1-14. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.05.008
  • Carhart-Harris, R. L., Bolstridge, M., Rucker, J., Day, C. M. J., Erritzoe, D., Kaelen, M., Bloomfield, M., Rickard, J. A., Forbes, B., Feilding, A., Taylor, D., Pilling, S., Curran, V. H., & Nutt, D. J. (2016). Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Lancet Psychiatry, 3(7), 619-627. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30065-7
  • Conn, K., Milton, L. K., Huang, K., Munguba, H., Ruuska, J., Oldfield, B. J., & Foldi, C. J. (2024). Psilocybin restrains activity-based anorexia in female rats by enhancing cognitive flexibility: contributions from 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mechanisms. Mol Psychiatry. doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02575-9
  • Coppola, M., Bevione, F., & Mondola, R. (2022). Psilocybin for Treating Psychiatric Disorders: A Psychonaut Legend or a Promising Therapeutic Perspective? J Xenobiot, 12(1), 41-52. doi:10.3390/jox12010004
  • Davis, A. K., Barrett, F. S., May, D. G., Cosimano, M. P., Sepeda, N. D., Johnson, M. W., Finan, P. H., & Griffiths, R. R. (2021). Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry, 78(5), 481-489. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285
  • de Veen, B. T., Schellekens, A. F., Verheij, M. M., & Homberg, J. R. (2017). Psilocybin for treating substance use disorders? Expert Rev Neurother, 17(2), 203-212. doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1220834
  • Demmler, R., Fricke, J., Dörner, S., Gressler, M., & Hoffmeister, D. (2020). S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine Salvage Impacts Psilocybin Formation in "Magic" Mushrooms. Chembiochem, 21(9), 1364-1371. doi:10.1002/cbic.201900649
  • Dos Santos, R. G., Bouso, J. C., Rocha, J. M., Rossi, G. N., & Hallak, J. E. (2021). The Use of Classic Hallucinogens/Psychedelics in a Therapeutic Context: Healthcare Policy Opportunities and Challenges. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 14, 901-910. doi:10.2147/rmhp.S300656
  • Du, Y., Li, Y., Zhao, X., Yao, Y., Wang, B., Zhang, L., & Wang, G. (2023). Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity. Chin Med J, 136(24), 2983-2992. doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000002647
  • Fang, S., Yang, X., & Zhang, W. (2024). Efficacy and acceptability of psilocybin for primary or secondary depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Psychiatry, 15,1359088, 1359088. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1359088
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Psilocybin in the Treatment of Mental Disorders

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 90 - 99, 30.04.2025

Doğancan Sönmez , Aslı Enzel Koç

Öz

Psilocybin is a classic serotonergic psychedelic substance that has shown promise in the treatment of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and addiction. This review analyzes the current literature, addresses the therapeutic effects of psilocybin, its possible mechanisms, and ethical and legal issues regarding its clinical use. It also provides recommendations that will shed light on the future clinical applications of psilocybin-assisted therapies. This article aims to be a resource for researchers and clinicians who want to understand the potential of psilocybin and develop new treatment strategies in the field of mental health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychedelics Psilocybin Mental disorders Treatment

Kaynakça

  • Andrews, C. M., Hall, W., Humphreys, K., & Marsden, J. (2024). Crafting effective regulatory policies for psychedelics: What can be learned from the case of cannabis? Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.16575
  • Araújo, A. M., Carvalho, F., Bastos Mde, L., Guedes de Pinho, P., & Carvalho, M. (2015). The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review. Arch Toxicol, 89(8), 1151-1173. doi:10.1007/s00204-015-1513-x
  • Barber, G. S., & Dike, C. C. (2023). Ethical and Practical Considerations for the Use of Psychedelics in Psychiatry. Psychiatr Serv, 74(8), 838-846. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.20220525
  • Barrett, F. S., Doss, M. K., Sepeda, N. D., Pekar, J. J., & Griffiths, R. R. (2020). Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin. Sci Rep, 10(1), 2214. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59282-y
  • Bogenschutz, M. P., Ross, S., Bhatt, S., Baron, T., Forcehimes, A. A., Laska, E., Mennenga, S. E., O'Donnell, K., Owens, L. T., Podrebarac, S., Rotrosen, J., Tonigan, J. S., & Worth, L. (2022). Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(10), 953-962. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2096
  • Bonnieux, J. N., VanderZwaag, B., Premji, Z., Garcia-Romeu, A., & Garcia-Barrera, M. A. (2023). Psilocybin's effects on cognition and creativity: A scoping review. J Psychopharmacol, 37(7), 635-648. doi:10.1177/02698811231179801
  • Buntrock, C., Harrer, M., Sprenger, A. A., Illing, S., Sakata, M., Furukawa, T. A., Ebert, D. D., & Cuijpers, P. (2024). Psychological interventions to prevent the onset of major depression in adults: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 11(12), 990–1001. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(24)00345-6
  • Cahill, K., Stevens, S., & Lancaster, T. (2014). Pharmacological treatments for smoking cessation. JAMA, 311(2), 193–194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.283787
  • Calder, A., Mock, S., Friedli, N., Pasi, P., & Hasler, G. (2023). Psychedelics in the treatment of eating disorders: Rationale and potential mechanisms. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 75, 1-14. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.05.008
  • Carhart-Harris, R. L., Bolstridge, M., Rucker, J., Day, C. M. J., Erritzoe, D., Kaelen, M., Bloomfield, M., Rickard, J. A., Forbes, B., Feilding, A., Taylor, D., Pilling, S., Curran, V. H., & Nutt, D. J. (2016). Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Lancet Psychiatry, 3(7), 619-627. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30065-7
  • Conn, K., Milton, L. K., Huang, K., Munguba, H., Ruuska, J., Oldfield, B. J., & Foldi, C. J. (2024). Psilocybin restrains activity-based anorexia in female rats by enhancing cognitive flexibility: contributions from 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mechanisms. Mol Psychiatry. doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02575-9
  • Coppola, M., Bevione, F., & Mondola, R. (2022). Psilocybin for Treating Psychiatric Disorders: A Psychonaut Legend or a Promising Therapeutic Perspective? J Xenobiot, 12(1), 41-52. doi:10.3390/jox12010004
  • Davis, A. K., Barrett, F. S., May, D. G., Cosimano, M. P., Sepeda, N. D., Johnson, M. W., Finan, P. H., & Griffiths, R. R. (2021). Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry, 78(5), 481-489. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285
  • de Veen, B. T., Schellekens, A. F., Verheij, M. M., & Homberg, J. R. (2017). Psilocybin for treating substance use disorders? Expert Rev Neurother, 17(2), 203-212. doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1220834
  • Demmler, R., Fricke, J., Dörner, S., Gressler, M., & Hoffmeister, D. (2020). S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine Salvage Impacts Psilocybin Formation in "Magic" Mushrooms. Chembiochem, 21(9), 1364-1371. doi:10.1002/cbic.201900649
  • Dos Santos, R. G., Bouso, J. C., Rocha, J. M., Rossi, G. N., & Hallak, J. E. (2021). The Use of Classic Hallucinogens/Psychedelics in a Therapeutic Context: Healthcare Policy Opportunities and Challenges. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 14, 901-910. doi:10.2147/rmhp.S300656
  • Du, Y., Li, Y., Zhao, X., Yao, Y., Wang, B., Zhang, L., & Wang, G. (2023). Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity. Chin Med J, 136(24), 2983-2992. doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000002647
  • Fang, S., Yang, X., & Zhang, W. (2024). Efficacy and acceptability of psilocybin for primary or secondary depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Psychiatry, 15,1359088, 1359088. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1359088
  • Feulner, L., Sermchaiwong, T., Rodland, N., & Galarneau, D. (2023). Efficacy and safety of psychedelics in treating anxiety disorders. Ochsner Journal, 23(4), 315–328. doi:10.31486/toj.23.0076
  • Goldberg, S. B., Pace, B. T., Nicholas, C. R., Raison, C. L., & Hutson, P. R. (2020). The experimental effects of psilocybin on symptoms of anxiety and depression: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res, 284, 112749. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112749
  • Heal, D. J., Smith, S. L., Belouin, S. J., & Henningfield, J. E. (2023). Psychedelics: Threshold of a Therapeutic Revolution. Neuropharmacology, 236, 109610. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109610
  • Hofmann, A., Heim, R., Brack, A., Kobel, H., Frey, A., Ott, H., Petrzilka, T., & Troxler, F. (1959). Psilocybin und Psilocin, zwei psychotrope Wirkstoffe aus mexikanischen Rauschpilzen. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 42(5), 1557–1572.doi:10.1002/hlca.19590420518
  • Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2017). Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin. Neurotherapeutics, 14(3), 734-740. doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0542-y
  • Kaminski, D., & Reinert, J. P. (2024). The Tolerability and Safety of Psilocybin in Psychiatric and Substance-Dependence Conditions: A Systematic Review. Ann Pharmacother, 58(8), 811-826. doi:10.1177/10600280231205645
  • Khan, A. J., Bradley, E., O'Donovan, A., & Woolley, J. (2022). Psilocybin for Trauma-Related Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci, 56, 319-332. doi:10.1007/7854_2022_366
  • Kiraga, M. K., Kuypers, K. P. C., Uthaug, M. V., Ramaekers, J. G., & Mason, N. L. (2022). Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees. Front Psychiatry, 13, 883869. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.883869
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  • Kraehenmann, R., Schmidt, A., Friston, K., Preller, K. H., Seifritz, E., & Vollenweider, F. X. (2016). The mixed serotonin receptor agonist psilocybin reduces threat-induced modulation of amygdala connectivity. Neuroimage Clin, 11, 53-60. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.009
  • Lugo-Radillo A Md, P., & Cortes-Lopez, J. M. (2021). Long-term Amelioration of OCD Symptoms in a Patient with Chronic Consumption of Psilocybin-containing Mushrooms. J Psychoactive Drugs, 53(2), 146-148. doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1849879
  • Mahmood, Z. A. (2013). Bioactive Alkaloids from Fungi: Psilocybin 18. Hand Book of Natural Products.
  • Marks, M., Brendel, R. W., Shachar, C., & Cohen, I. G. (2024). Essentials of Informed Consent to Psychedelic Medicine. JAMA psychiatry, 81(6), 611-617. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0184
  • MacCallum, C. A., Lo, L. A., Pistawka, C. A., & Deol, J. K. (2022). Therapeutic use of psilocybin: Practical considerations for dosing and administration. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 1040217.
  • McGuire, A. L., Cohen, I. G., Sisti, D., Baggott, M., Celidwen, Y., Devenot, N., Gracias, S., Grob, C., Harvey, I., Kious, B., Marks, M., Mithoefer, M., Nielson, E., Öngür, D., Pallas, A., Peterson, A., Schenberg, E. E., Summergrad, P., Waters, B., Williams, M. T., & Yaden, D. B. (2024). Developing an Ethics and Policy Framework for Psychedelic Clinical Care: A Consensus Statement. JAMA Netw Open, 7(6), e2414650. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14650
  • Metaxa, A. M., & Clarke, M. (2024). Efficacy of psilocybin for treating symptoms of depression: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj, 385, e078084. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-078084
  • Meyer, M., & Slot, J. (2023). The evolution and ecology of psilocybin in nature. Fungal Genet Biol, 167, 103812. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103812
  • Moreno, F. A., & Delgado, P. L. (1997). Hallucinogen-induced relief of obsessions and compulsions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(7), 1037–1038. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.7.1037
  • Moreno, F. A., Wiegand, C. B., Taitano, E. K., & Delgado, P. L. (2006). Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of psilocybin in 9 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry, 67(11), 1735-1740. doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n1110
  • Nichols, D. E. (2012). Structure–activity relationships of serotonin 5-HT2A agonists. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Membrane Transport and Signaling, 1(5), 559-579. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/wmts.42
  • Nutt, D. J., Peill, J. M., Weiss, B., Godfrey, K., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Erritzoe, D. (2024). Psilocybin and Other Classic Psychedelics in Depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci, 66, 149-174. doi:10.1007/7854_2023_451
  • O'Leary, O. F., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2015). Faster, better, stronger: towards new antidepressant therapeutic strategies. Eur J Pharmacol, 753, 32-50. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.046
  • Osmond, H. (1957). A review of the clinical effects of psychotomimetic agents. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 66(3), 418-434. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1957.tb40738.x
  • Owe-Larsson, M., Kamińska, K., Buchalska, B., Mirowska-Guzel, D., & Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska, A. (2024). Psilocybin in pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Pharmacol Rep. doi:10.1007/s43440-024-00633-1
  • Peck, S. K., Shao, S., Gruen, T., Yang, K., Babakanian, A., Trim, J., Finn, D. M., & Kaye, W. H. (2023). Psilocybin therapy for females with anorexia nervosa: a phase 1, open-label feasibility study. Nat Med, 29(8), 1947-1953. doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02455-9
  • Prouzeau, D., Conejero, I., Voyvodic, P. L., Becamel, C., Abbar, M., & Lopez-Castroman, J. (2022). Psilocybin Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action in Major Depressive Disorder: a Review. Current psychiatry reports, 24(10), 573-581. doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01361-0
  • Raison, C. L., Sanacora, G., Woolley, J., Heinzerling, K., Dunlop, B. W., Brown, R. T., Kakar, R., Hassman, M., Trivedi, R. P., Robison, R., Gukasyan, N., Nayak, S. M., Hu, X., O’Donnell, K. C., Kelmendi, B., Sloshower, J., Penn, A. D., Bradley, E., Kelly, D. F., Mletzko, T., Nicholas, C. R., Hutson, P. R., Tarpley, G., Utzinger, M., Lenoch, K., Warchol, K., Gapasin, T., Davis, M. C., Nelson-Douthit, C., Wilson, S., Brown, C., Linton, W., Johnson, M. W., Ross, S., & Griffiths, R. R. (2023). Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 330(9), 843-853. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.14530
  • Raval, N. R., Johansen, A., Donovan, L. L., Ros, N. F., Ozenne, B., Hansen, H. D., & Knudsen, G. M. (2021). A Single Dose of Psilocybin Increases Synaptic Density and Decreases 5-HT(2A) Receptor Density in the Pig Brain. Int J Mol Sci, 22(2). doi:10.3390/ijms22020835
  • Sahagún, B. d., Anderson, A. J., & Dibble, C. E. (1950). General history of the things of New Spain. Florentine Codex. Sayin, H. Ü. (2017). Psychoactive Plants Consumed in Religious Rituals: Common Archetypal Symbols & Figures in Myths & Religions. SexuS Journal, 2(5), 201-236.
  • Sharma, P., Nguyen, Q. A., Matthews, S. J., Carpenter, E., Mathews, D. B., Patten, C. A., & Hammond, C. J. (2023). Psilocybin history, action and reaction: A narrative clinical review. J Psychopharmacol, 37(9), 849-865. doi:10.1177/02698811231190858
  • Siegel, J. S., Daily, J. E., Perry, D. A., & Nicol, G. E. (2023). Psychedelic Drug Legislative Reform and Legalization in the US. JAMA psychiatry, 80(1), 77-83. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.4101
  • Siegel, J. S., Subramanian, S., Perry, D., Kay, B., Gordon, E., Laumann, T., Reneau, R., Gratton, C., Horan, C., Metcalf, N., Chacko, R., Schweiger, J., Wong, D., Bender, D., Padawer-Curry, J., Raison, C., Raichle, M., Lenze, E. J., Snyder, A. Z., Dosenbach, N. U. F., & Nicol, G. (2023). Psilocybin desynchronizes brain networks. medRxiv. doi:10.1101/2023.08.22.23294131
  • Singh, S., Botvinnik, A., Shahar, O., Wolf, G., Yakobi, C., Saban, M., Salama, A., Lotan, A., Lerer, B., & Lifschytz, T. (2023). Effect of psilocybin on marble burying in ICR mice: role of 5-HT1A receptors and implications for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Transl Psychiatry, 13(1), 164. doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02456-9
  • Stoliker, D., Egan, G. F., Friston, K. J., & Razi, A. (2022). Neural Mechanisms and Psychology of Psychedelic Ego Dissolution. Pharmacol Rev, 74(4), 876-917. doi:10.1124/pharmrev.121.000508
  • Thomann, J., Kolaczynska, K. E., Stoeckmann, O. V., Rudin, D., Vizeli, P., Hoener, M. C., Pryce, C. R., Vollenweider, F. X., Liechti, M. E., Duthaler, U. (2024). In vitro and in vivo metabolism of psilocybin's active metabolite psilocin. Front Pharmacol, 15, 1391689. doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1391689
  • van der Meer, P. B., Fuentes, J. J., Kaptein, A. A., Schoones, J. W., de Waal, M. M., Goudriaan, A. E., Kramers, K., Schellekens, A., Somers, M., Bosong, M.G., Batalla, A. (2023). Therapeutic effect of psilocybin in addiction: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry, 14, 1134454. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134454
  • Vollenweider, F. X., & Preller, K. H. (2020). Psychedelic drugs: neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci, 21(11), 611-624. doi:10.1038/s41583-020-0367-2
  • Wasson, R.G. (1957). Seeking the magic mushroom: A New York banker goes to Mexico's mountains to participate in the age-old rituals of indians who chew strange growths that produce visions. Life 42, 100e120.
  • Wojtas, A., & Gołembiowska, K. (2023). Molecular and Medical Aspects of Psychedelics. Int J Mol Sci, 25(1). doi:10.3390/ijms25010241
  • Woodburn, S. C., Levitt, C. M., Koester, A. M., & Kwan, A. C. (2024). Psilocybin Facilitates Fear Extinction: Importance of Dose, Context, and Serotonin Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00279
  • Wsół, A. (2023). Cardiovascular safety of psychedelic medicine: current status and future directions. Pharmacol Rep, 75(6), 1362-1380. doi:10.1007/s43440-023-00539-4
  • Xenakis, S. N., & Shannon, S. M. (2024). What is needed for the roll-out of psychedelic treatments? Curr Opin Psychiatry, 37(4), 277-281. doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000946
  • Yerubandi, A., Thomas, J. E., Bhuiya, N., Harrington, C., Villa Zapata, L., & Caballero, J. (2024). Acute Adverse Effects of Therapeutic Doses of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open, 7(4), e245960. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5960
  • Zafar, R., Siegel, M., Harding, R., Barba, T., Agnorelli, C., Suseelan, S., Roseman, L., Wall, M., Nutt, D. J., & Erritzoe, D. (2023). Psychedelic therapy in the treatment of addiction: the past, present and future. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1183740. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1183740
  • Zaretsky, T. G., Jagodnik, K. M., Barsic, R., Antonio, J. H., Bonanno, P. A., MacLeod, C., Pierce, C., Carney, H., Morrison, M. T., Saylor, C., Danias, G., Lepow, L., Yehuda, R. (2024). The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment. Curr Neuropharmacol, 22(4), 636-735. doi:10.2174/1570159x22666231027111147
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Evrimsel Biyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm DERLEME MAKALE
Yazarlar

Doğancan Sönmez 0000-0003-0937-8264

Aslı Enzel Koç 0000-0002-9853-745X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 20 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sönmez, D., & Koç, A. E. (2025). Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tedavisinde Psilosibin. Mantar Dergisi, 16(1), 90-99. https://doi.org/10.30708/mantar.1535344
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