Assessment of the Antimicrobial and Anti-MRSA Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Some Natural Mushrooms
Öz
The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of Hydnum repandum, Tricholoma fracticum and Russula emetica mushrooms against some standard pathogenic microorganisms and anti-MRSA activity against clinically originated Methycilline Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity. Ethanol extract of H. repandum had antimicrobial activity against standard microorganisms at doses of 0.02 – 3.12 mg/ml, the highest activity was found against Gram positive Bacillus cereus strain with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 0.02 mg/ml. It was also found to have antifungal activity against Candida albicans with a MIC value of 1.56 mg/ml. It was determined that the ethanol extract of H. repandum showed anti-MRSA activity against all clinically sourced MRSA strains at doses ranging from 0.39 to 3.12 mg/ml. The highest antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Tricholoma fracticum was similarly determined against B. cereus at a dose of 0.39 mg/ml, while it was observed to have low activity against some of the other strains studied. It was also found that this species did not have antifungal activity. It was seen that it had weak anti-MRSA activity only against four MRSA strains. It was determined that the ethanol extract of Russula emetica had only a weak effect against Salmonella enteritidis at a dose of 3.12 mg/ml, and a moderate effect against B. cereus at a dose of 0.39 mg/ml. It was found that it did not have any antimicrobial activity against other standard strains and C. albicans. It was also seen that it did not have anti-MRSA activity against clinically sourced MRSA strains. It was concluded that the ethanol extract of H. repandum had higher antimicrobial activity against standard pathogenic microorganisms and clinically sourced MRSA strains compared to other species.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antimicrobial Anti-MRSA activity Mushroom Staphylococcus aureus
Kaynakça
- Bains, A., Chawla, P., ve Inbaraj, B. S. (2023). Evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-quorum sensing activity of edible mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita). Foods, 12(19), 3562.
- Barros, L., Calhelha, R. C., Vaz, J. A., Ferreira, I. C., Baptista, P., ve Estevinho, L. M. (2007). Antimicrobial activity and bioactive compounds of Portuguese wild edible mushrooms methanolic extracts. European Food Research and Technology, 225, 151-156.
- Benek, A., Turu, D., ve Canli, K. (2024). Determination of Biological Activity and Biochemical Content of Ethanol Extract from Fruiting Body of Tricholoma bufonium (Pers.) Gillet. Journal of Fungi, 10(11), 761.
- Breitenbach, J., ve Kränzlin, F. (1986). Fungi of Switzerland, vol. 2. Non-gilled fungi, Heterobasidiomycetes, Aphyllophorales, Gasteromycetes. Verlag Mykologia. Lucerna, Switzerland.
- Breitenbach, J., ve Kränzlin, F. (1991). Fungi of Switzerland, Vol: 3, Boletes And Agarics 1. Part. Verlag Mykologia CH6000 Luzern, 9.
- Canpolat, Ş., ve Canpolat, E. (2023). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of a medicinal mushroom, ganoderma lucidum. Journal of Advances in Biology ve Biotechnology, 26(11), 60-67.
- Chopra, I., Hodgson, J., Metcalf, B., ve Poste, G. (1997). The search for antimicrobial agents effective against bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 41(3), 497-503.
- Cos, P., Vlietinck, A. J., Vanden Berghe, D., ve Maes, L. (2006). Anti-infective Potential of Natural Products: How to Develop A Stronger In Vitro ‘Proof-of-Concept’. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 106(3), 290-302.
- Dinçer, E., Işık, H., Hepokur, C., Tutar, U., ve Çelik, C. (2023). Cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibiofilm, and antimicrobial activities of mushroom species from Turkey. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 25(6).
- Dizeci, N., Karaca, B., Onar, O., Cihan, A. C., Akata, I., ve Yildirim, O. (2021). The remarkable antibiofilm activity of the sweet tooth mushroom, Hydnum repandum (Agaricomycetes), displaying synergetic interactions with antibiotics. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 23(10).
- Ellis, M. B., ve Ellis, J. P. (1990). Fungi Without Gills (Hymenomycetes And Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook. Springer Science ve Business Media.
- Fungorum, I. (2015). URL: http://www. indexfungorum. org/names/names. asp. Дата обращения, 3.
- Gargano, M. L., Balenzano, G., Venturella, G., Cavalluzzi, M. M., Rotondo, N. P., Lentini, G., Cirlincione, F., Mirabile, G., Zapora, E., ve Wołkowycki, M. (2025). Nutritional contents and antimicrobial activity of the culinary-medicinal mushroom Leccinum scabrum. Mycology, 16(1), 402-412.
- Güneş, E., ve Alkan, S. (2024). Ramaria aurea Ekstraktlarının Anti-MRSA ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi. Mantar Dergisi 15(2), 79-86.
- İnci, Ş., ve Kırbağ, S. (2024). Lactarius controversus (Pers.) Pers.’in antimikrobiyal etkisinin belirlenmesi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 1-5.
- Janssen, A., Scheffer, J., ve Svendsen, A. B. (1987). Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils: A 1976-1986 Literature Review. Aspects of the Test Methods. Planta medica, 53(05), 395-398.
- Kalaw, S., ve Albinto, R. (2014). Functional activities of Philippine wild strain of Coprinus comatus (OF Müll.: Fr.) Pers and Pleurotus cystidiosus OK Miller grown on rice straw based substrate formulation. Mycosphere, 5(5), 646-655.
- Karakas, F. P., Turker, A. U., ve Bozat, B. G. (2023). Phenolic content, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of several edible Agaricomycetes mushrooms sold in public bazaar in Bolu, Turkey. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 25(1).
- Kim, J. H., Tam, C. C., Chan, K. L., Mahoney, N., Cheng, L. W., Friedman, M., ve Land, K. M. (2022). Antimicrobial efficacy of edible mushroom extracts: assessment of fungal resistance. Applied Sciences, 12(9), 4591.
- Kosanic, M., Rankovic, B., ve Dasic, M. (2013). Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Properties of Mushrooms. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 19(5), 1040-1046.
- Kränzlin, F. (2005). Fungi of Switzerland: English Translation: Virginia L. Waters: A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Fungal Flora of Switzerland. Vol. 6, Russulaceae. Mykologia.
- Kurman, Y., Dülger, G., Nazlı, H., Gedik, G., Dülger, B., ve Musatat, A. B. (2025). Phytochemical profiling, anticancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma and antimicrobial activities of four edible fungi: Unraveling mechanisms by molecular docking studies. Food Bioscience, 105945.
- Mkhize, S. S., Cedric Simelane, M. B., Mongalo, I. N., ve Pooe, O. J. (2022). The effect of supplementing mushroom growing substrates on the bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus. Biochemistry Research International, 2022(1), 9436614.
- Nair, R., ve Chanda, S. (2007). Antibacterial Activities of Some Medicinal Plants of the Western Region of India. Turkish Journal of Biology, 31(4), 231-236.
- Nwachukwu, E., ve Uzoeto, H. O. (2010). Antimicrobial Activity of Some Local Mushrooms on Pathogenic Isolates. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(23), 2460-2465.
- Ogbole, O. O., Adebisi, P., ve Segun, P. A. (2019). Medicinal Mushrooms With Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Inhibitory Activity. Journal of Pharmacy ve Bioresources, 16(1), 41-46.
- Okeke, I. N., Laxminarayan, R., Bhutta, Z. A., Duse, A. G., Jenkins, P., O'Brien, T. F., Pablos-Mendez, A., ve Klugman, K. P. (2005). Antimicrobial Resistance In Developing Countries. Part I: Recent Trends And Current Status. The Lancet Infectious Dseases, 5(8), 481-493.
- Otieno, O. D., Onyango, C., Onguso, J. M., Matasyoh, L. G., Wanjala, B. W., Wamalwa, M., ve Harvey, J. J. (2015). Genetic diversity of Kenyan native oyster mushroom (Pleurotus). Mycologia, 107(1), 32-38.
- Önay, A. O., ve Güneş, E. (2024). Kırklareli İli’nden Toplanan Bazı Yenen Mantarlarının Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. Mantar Dergisi, 15(2), 103-109.
- Özcan, Ö., ve Ertan, F. (2018). Beta-glucan content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some edible mushroom species. Food Science and Technology, 6(2), 47-55.
- Sadi, G., Emsen, B., Kaya, A., Kocabaş, A., Çınar, S., ve Kartal, D. İ. (2015). Cytotoxicity of some edible mushrooms extracts over liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells in conjunction with their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Pharmacognosy magazine, 11(Suppl 1), S6.
- Sesli, E., Asan, A., Selçuk, F., Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., Aktaş, S., Alkan, S., Allı, H., Aydoğdu, H., Belikten, D., Demirel, K., Demirel, R., Doğan, H. H., Erdoğdu, M., C.Cem, E., Eroğlu, G., Giray, G., Haliki Uztan, A., . . . Yoltaş, A. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi. Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı
- Sevindik, M., ve Bal, C. (2021). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities of wild mushroom, Laeticutis cristata (Agaricomycetes), from Turkey. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 23(11).
- Soyuçok, A., Doğantürk, M., Yavuz, O., Küçükiğci, C. B., ve Kıyak, A. (2022). Suillus granulatus’ tan elde edilen etanolik ekstraktın antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. MAE Vet Fak Derg, 7(1), 7-12.
- Tabbouche, S. A., Gürgen, A., Yildiz, S., Kiliç, A. O., ve Sökmen, M. (2017). Antimicrobial and antiquorum sensing activity of some wild mushrooms collected from Turkey. MSU J Sci, 5(2), 453-457.
- Thanh, T. H., Anh, D. T. H., Linh, N. M., Nhan, V. D., ve Kiet, T. T. (2022). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the polypore mushroom Lentinus arcularius (Agaricomycetes) isolated in Vietnam. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 24(3).
- Tubic, J., Grujicic, D., Jakovljević, M., Ranković, B., Kosanić, M., Stanojković, T., Cirić, A., ve Milošević-Djordjević, O. (2019). Investigation of biological activities and secondary metabolites of Hydnum repandum acetone extract. Farmacia.
- Waithaka, P. N., Gathuru, E. M., Githaiga, B. M., ve Onkoba, K. M. (2022). Antimicrobial Activity of Mushroom (Agaricus Bisporus) and Fungi (Trametes Gibbosa) Extracts from Mushrooms and Fungi of Egerton Main Campus, Njoro Kenya.
- Wayne, P. (2011). Clinical And Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.
- Yaltirak, T., Aslim, B., Ozturk, S., ve Alli, H. (2009). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Russula delica Fr. Food and chemical toxicology, 47(8), 2052-2056.
- Yamaç, M., ve Bilgili, F. (2006). Antimicrobial Activities of Fruit Bodies And/or Mycelial Cultures of Some Mushroom Isolates. Pharmaceutical biology, 44(9), 660-667.
- Zengin, G., Uysal, A., Güneş, E., ve Aktumsek, A. (2014). Survey of Phytochemical Composition And Biological Effects of Three Extracts From A Wild Plant (Cotoneaster nummularia Fisch. et Mey.): A Potential Source For Functional Food Ingredients And Drug Formulations. PloS one, 9(11), e113527.
Bazı Doğal Mantarların Etanol Ekstraktlarının Anti-MRSA ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hydnum repandum, Tricholoma fracticum ve Russula emetica mantarlarının etanol ekstraktlarının bazı standart patojen mikroorganizmalara antimikrobiyal ve klinik kaynaklı Metisilin Dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) suşlarına karşı anti-MRSA aktivitesinin belirlenmesidir. Antimikrobiyal aktiviteyi belirlemek için sıvı mikrodilüsyon metodu kullanılmıştır. Hydnum repandum’un etanol ekstraktı standart mikroorganizmalar üzerine 0.02 – 3.12 mg/ ml dozlarında antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu, en yüksek aktivitenin 0.02 mg/ml Minimum İnhibisyon Konsantrasyonu (MİK) değeriyle Gram pozitif Bacillus cereus suşuna karşı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Candida albicans’a karşı belirlenen 1.56 mg/ml MİK değeriyle antifungal bir aktiviteye sahip olduğu da saptanmıştır. H. repandum’un etanol ekstraktının denenen klinik kaynaklı MRSA suşlarının hepsine 0.39 – 3.12 mg/ml arasında değişen dozlarda anti- MRSA aktivite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Tricholoma fracticum’un etanol ekstraktının en yüksek antibakteriyal aktivitesinin benzer şekilde 0.39 mg/ml dozla B. cereus suşuna karşı tespit edilmiş olup çalışılan diğer suşların bazılarına düşük bir aktiviteye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bu türün ayrıca antifungal bir aktiviteye sahip olmadığı saptanmıştır. Sadece dört MRSA suşuna karşı da zayıf bir anti-MRSA aktivitesine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Russula emetica’nın etanol ekstraktının ise sadece Salmonella enteritidis’e 3.12 mg/ml dozunda zayıf bir etki, B. cereus’a 0.39 mg/ml dozunda ise orta derecede bir etki gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Çalışılan diğer standart suşlara ve C. albicans’a karşı da herhangi bir antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışılan klinik kaynaklı MRSA suşlarının üzerine anti-MRSA aktivitesinin olmadığı saptanmıştır. Diğer türlerle kıyaslandığında H. repandum’un etanol ekstraktının standart patojen mikroorganizmalara ve klinik kaynaklı MRSA suşlarına karşı daha yüksek oranda antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antimikrobiyal Anti-MRSA akivite Mantar Staphylococcus aureus
Kaynakça
- Bains, A., Chawla, P., ve Inbaraj, B. S. (2023). Evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-quorum sensing activity of edible mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita). Foods, 12(19), 3562.
- Barros, L., Calhelha, R. C., Vaz, J. A., Ferreira, I. C., Baptista, P., ve Estevinho, L. M. (2007). Antimicrobial activity and bioactive compounds of Portuguese wild edible mushrooms methanolic extracts. European Food Research and Technology, 225, 151-156.
- Benek, A., Turu, D., ve Canli, K. (2024). Determination of Biological Activity and Biochemical Content of Ethanol Extract from Fruiting Body of Tricholoma bufonium (Pers.) Gillet. Journal of Fungi, 10(11), 761.
- Breitenbach, J., ve Kränzlin, F. (1986). Fungi of Switzerland, vol. 2. Non-gilled fungi, Heterobasidiomycetes, Aphyllophorales, Gasteromycetes. Verlag Mykologia. Lucerna, Switzerland.
- Breitenbach, J., ve Kränzlin, F. (1991). Fungi of Switzerland, Vol: 3, Boletes And Agarics 1. Part. Verlag Mykologia CH6000 Luzern, 9.
- Canpolat, Ş., ve Canpolat, E. (2023). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of a medicinal mushroom, ganoderma lucidum. Journal of Advances in Biology ve Biotechnology, 26(11), 60-67.
- Chopra, I., Hodgson, J., Metcalf, B., ve Poste, G. (1997). The search for antimicrobial agents effective against bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 41(3), 497-503.
- Cos, P., Vlietinck, A. J., Vanden Berghe, D., ve Maes, L. (2006). Anti-infective Potential of Natural Products: How to Develop A Stronger In Vitro ‘Proof-of-Concept’. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 106(3), 290-302.
- Dinçer, E., Işık, H., Hepokur, C., Tutar, U., ve Çelik, C. (2023). Cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibiofilm, and antimicrobial activities of mushroom species from Turkey. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 25(6).
- Dizeci, N., Karaca, B., Onar, O., Cihan, A. C., Akata, I., ve Yildirim, O. (2021). The remarkable antibiofilm activity of the sweet tooth mushroom, Hydnum repandum (Agaricomycetes), displaying synergetic interactions with antibiotics. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 23(10).
- Ellis, M. B., ve Ellis, J. P. (1990). Fungi Without Gills (Hymenomycetes And Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook. Springer Science ve Business Media.
- Fungorum, I. (2015). URL: http://www. indexfungorum. org/names/names. asp. Дата обращения, 3.
- Gargano, M. L., Balenzano, G., Venturella, G., Cavalluzzi, M. M., Rotondo, N. P., Lentini, G., Cirlincione, F., Mirabile, G., Zapora, E., ve Wołkowycki, M. (2025). Nutritional contents and antimicrobial activity of the culinary-medicinal mushroom Leccinum scabrum. Mycology, 16(1), 402-412.
- Güneş, E., ve Alkan, S. (2024). Ramaria aurea Ekstraktlarının Anti-MRSA ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi. Mantar Dergisi 15(2), 79-86.
- İnci, Ş., ve Kırbağ, S. (2024). Lactarius controversus (Pers.) Pers.’in antimikrobiyal etkisinin belirlenmesi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 1-5.
- Janssen, A., Scheffer, J., ve Svendsen, A. B. (1987). Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils: A 1976-1986 Literature Review. Aspects of the Test Methods. Planta medica, 53(05), 395-398.
- Kalaw, S., ve Albinto, R. (2014). Functional activities of Philippine wild strain of Coprinus comatus (OF Müll.: Fr.) Pers and Pleurotus cystidiosus OK Miller grown on rice straw based substrate formulation. Mycosphere, 5(5), 646-655.
- Karakas, F. P., Turker, A. U., ve Bozat, B. G. (2023). Phenolic content, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of several edible Agaricomycetes mushrooms sold in public bazaar in Bolu, Turkey. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 25(1).
- Kim, J. H., Tam, C. C., Chan, K. L., Mahoney, N., Cheng, L. W., Friedman, M., ve Land, K. M. (2022). Antimicrobial efficacy of edible mushroom extracts: assessment of fungal resistance. Applied Sciences, 12(9), 4591.
- Kosanic, M., Rankovic, B., ve Dasic, M. (2013). Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Properties of Mushrooms. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 19(5), 1040-1046.
- Kränzlin, F. (2005). Fungi of Switzerland: English Translation: Virginia L. Waters: A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Fungal Flora of Switzerland. Vol. 6, Russulaceae. Mykologia.
- Kurman, Y., Dülger, G., Nazlı, H., Gedik, G., Dülger, B., ve Musatat, A. B. (2025). Phytochemical profiling, anticancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma and antimicrobial activities of four edible fungi: Unraveling mechanisms by molecular docking studies. Food Bioscience, 105945.
- Mkhize, S. S., Cedric Simelane, M. B., Mongalo, I. N., ve Pooe, O. J. (2022). The effect of supplementing mushroom growing substrates on the bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus. Biochemistry Research International, 2022(1), 9436614.
- Nair, R., ve Chanda, S. (2007). Antibacterial Activities of Some Medicinal Plants of the Western Region of India. Turkish Journal of Biology, 31(4), 231-236.
- Nwachukwu, E., ve Uzoeto, H. O. (2010). Antimicrobial Activity of Some Local Mushrooms on Pathogenic Isolates. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(23), 2460-2465.
- Ogbole, O. O., Adebisi, P., ve Segun, P. A. (2019). Medicinal Mushrooms With Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Inhibitory Activity. Journal of Pharmacy ve Bioresources, 16(1), 41-46.
- Okeke, I. N., Laxminarayan, R., Bhutta, Z. A., Duse, A. G., Jenkins, P., O'Brien, T. F., Pablos-Mendez, A., ve Klugman, K. P. (2005). Antimicrobial Resistance In Developing Countries. Part I: Recent Trends And Current Status. The Lancet Infectious Dseases, 5(8), 481-493.
- Otieno, O. D., Onyango, C., Onguso, J. M., Matasyoh, L. G., Wanjala, B. W., Wamalwa, M., ve Harvey, J. J. (2015). Genetic diversity of Kenyan native oyster mushroom (Pleurotus). Mycologia, 107(1), 32-38.
- Önay, A. O., ve Güneş, E. (2024). Kırklareli İli’nden Toplanan Bazı Yenen Mantarlarının Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. Mantar Dergisi, 15(2), 103-109.
- Özcan, Ö., ve Ertan, F. (2018). Beta-glucan content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some edible mushroom species. Food Science and Technology, 6(2), 47-55.
- Sadi, G., Emsen, B., Kaya, A., Kocabaş, A., Çınar, S., ve Kartal, D. İ. (2015). Cytotoxicity of some edible mushrooms extracts over liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells in conjunction with their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Pharmacognosy magazine, 11(Suppl 1), S6.
- Sesli, E., Asan, A., Selçuk, F., Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., Aktaş, S., Alkan, S., Allı, H., Aydoğdu, H., Belikten, D., Demirel, K., Demirel, R., Doğan, H. H., Erdoğdu, M., C.Cem, E., Eroğlu, G., Giray, G., Haliki Uztan, A., . . . Yoltaş, A. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi. Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı
- Sevindik, M., ve Bal, C. (2021). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities of wild mushroom, Laeticutis cristata (Agaricomycetes), from Turkey. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 23(11).
- Soyuçok, A., Doğantürk, M., Yavuz, O., Küçükiğci, C. B., ve Kıyak, A. (2022). Suillus granulatus’ tan elde edilen etanolik ekstraktın antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. MAE Vet Fak Derg, 7(1), 7-12.
- Tabbouche, S. A., Gürgen, A., Yildiz, S., Kiliç, A. O., ve Sökmen, M. (2017). Antimicrobial and antiquorum sensing activity of some wild mushrooms collected from Turkey. MSU J Sci, 5(2), 453-457.
- Thanh, T. H., Anh, D. T. H., Linh, N. M., Nhan, V. D., ve Kiet, T. T. (2022). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the polypore mushroom Lentinus arcularius (Agaricomycetes) isolated in Vietnam. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 24(3).
- Tubic, J., Grujicic, D., Jakovljević, M., Ranković, B., Kosanić, M., Stanojković, T., Cirić, A., ve Milošević-Djordjević, O. (2019). Investigation of biological activities and secondary metabolites of Hydnum repandum acetone extract. Farmacia.
- Waithaka, P. N., Gathuru, E. M., Githaiga, B. M., ve Onkoba, K. M. (2022). Antimicrobial Activity of Mushroom (Agaricus Bisporus) and Fungi (Trametes Gibbosa) Extracts from Mushrooms and Fungi of Egerton Main Campus, Njoro Kenya.
- Wayne, P. (2011). Clinical And Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.
- Yaltirak, T., Aslim, B., Ozturk, S., ve Alli, H. (2009). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Russula delica Fr. Food and chemical toxicology, 47(8), 2052-2056.
- Yamaç, M., ve Bilgili, F. (2006). Antimicrobial Activities of Fruit Bodies And/or Mycelial Cultures of Some Mushroom Isolates. Pharmaceutical biology, 44(9), 660-667.
- Zengin, G., Uysal, A., Güneş, E., ve Aktumsek, A. (2014). Survey of Phytochemical Composition And Biological Effects of Three Extracts From A Wild Plant (Cotoneaster nummularia Fisch. et Mey.): A Potential Source For Functional Food Ingredients And Drug Formulations. PloS one, 9(11), e113527.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mikoloji |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Mart 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 17 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1 |
Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi
Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır
