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Ceyhan Nehri (Türkiye) Sistemi'nin çeşitli kollarından Garra turcica'nın (Karaman, 1971) morfometrik ve meristik farklılaşmaları

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 8 - 20, 30.06.2025

Cemil Kara , Mehmet Fatih Can

https://doi.org/10.51756/marlife.1665629

Öz

Bu çalışma, Ceyhan Nehri Sistemi'nin farklı kollarında yaşayan Garra turcica Karaman, 1971'in metrik ve meristik farklılaşmalarını belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Ceyhan Nehri Sistemi'nin 13 kolundan örneklenen bireyler 11 metrik ve 8 meristik özellik açısından incelenmiştir. Ceyhan Nehri Sistemi'nin farklı kolları arasında hem metrik hem de meristik özellikler için Temel Bileşen Analizi (PCA) ve Doğrusal Ayırım Fonksiyonu Analizi (LDFA) belirlenmiştir. SIMPER (Benzerlik Yüzdesi) testi, metrik ölçümlerden bu farklılaşmaya en önemli katkıların kuyruk sapı uzunluğu (% 71,50), sırt yüzgeci yüksekliği (% 8,04) ve vücut derinliği (% 5,23) olduğunu; meristik özelliklerden ise yanal çizgi üzerindeki pullar (% 41,65), yanal çizginin üzerindeki pullar (% 20,09) ve pektoral yüzgeç ışınları (% 8,55) olduğunu göstermiştir. İç sularda, denizel alanlara kıyasla, özellikle göç edememe ve çevresel faktörler nedeniyle, genetik ve morfolojik farklılaşma oranının yakın coğrafi alanlarda daha yüksek olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak, bu tür için belirlenen metrik ve meristik özelliklerin farklılaşmada en etkili olan özellikler olmasının nedeni yanıtlanması gereken bir soru olarak kalmaktadır. Ayrıca, mevcut çalışmada tespit edilen morfolojik farklılaşmanın genetik düzeyde de gerçekleşip gerçekleşmediği araştırılmalıdır. Bu durumda, bu tür için bir alt tür tanımlamak mümkün olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Garra turcica Metrik ve Meristik Farklılaşma Ceyhan Nehri Sistemi

Proje Numarası

2014/1-16 M

Kaynakça

  • Aydın, B., & Akman, S. (2020 An Alternative Species for Aquaculture: Doctor Fish (Garra rufa). Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 51(2), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.602530
  • Bayçelebi, E. (2020). Distribution and diversity of fish from Seyhan, Ceyhan and Orontes river systems, Zoosystematics and Evolution, 96(2), 747-767, https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55837
  • Bayçelebi, E., Kaya, C., Turan, D., Ergüden, S. A., & Freyhof, J. (2018). Redescription of Garra turcica from southern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4524(2), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.6
  • Bostancı, Z. (2006). Taxonomic investigation of freshwater fish fauna living Seyhan, Ceyhan and Asi river (in Turkey). [M. Sc. Thesis. Karadeniz Technical University]
  • Burnaby, T. P. (1966). Growth-invariant discriminant functioris and generalized distances. Biometrics, 22(1), 96-110. https://doi.org/10.2307/2528217
  • Çiçek, E., Fricke, R., Sungur, S., & Eagderi, S. (2018). Endemic freshwater fishes of Turkey, FishTaxa, 3(4), 1-39.
  • Çiçek, E., Öztürk, S., Seçer, B., & Sungur, S. (2021). Determination of some population parameters of Garra turcica Karaman, 1971 from Aksu Stream (Adıyaman/Turkey). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(2), 180-187. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.861517
  • Clarke, K. R. (1993). Non-parametric multivariate analysis of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology, 18(1), 117-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x
  • Demirci, S., Yalçın Özdilek, Ş., & Şimşek, E. (2016). Study on nutrition characteristics of Garra rufa on the River Asi. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(12), 5999-6004.
  • Ergüden, S. A. & Göksu, M. Z. L. (2012). The fish fauna of the Seyhan dam lake (Adana). Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 6(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.3153/jfscom.2012006
  • Frankham, R. (2005). Genetics and extinction. Biological Conservation, 126(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.002
  • Franssen, N. R., Harris, J., Clark, S. R., Schaefer, J. F., & Stewart, L. K. (2013). Shared and unique morphological responses of stream fishes to anthropogenic habitat alteration. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280(1752), 20122715. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2715
  • Geldiay, R, & Balık, S. (2009). Türkiye Tatlısu Balıkları, Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları No:46, Ders Kitabı Dizini No.16, VI. Baskı, Bornova- İzmir.
  • Goren, M., & Ortal, R. (1999). Biogeography, diversity and conservation of the inland water fish communities in Israel. Biological Conservation, 89(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00127-X
  • Hammer, O, Harper, D. A. T. & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological Statistic software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1), 1-9.
  • Kara, C. (2023). Distribution of endemic Garra culiciphaga (Pellegrin, 1927) in the Ceyhan River System, some diagnostic characteristics, habitats and conservation requirements. Marine and Life Sciences, 5(2), 51-54. https://doi.org/10.51756/marlife.1340456
  • Kara, C., & Alp A. (2005). Distribution and morphometric characteristics of Garra rufa Heckel, 1843 in Ceyhan River System. Turkish Journal of Aquatic Life, 3(4), 25-33.
  • Kara, C., & Can, M. F. (2023). Spatial variation in growth for Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843): A case study on three river systems. In Bozdoğan, A. M., & Yarpuz Bozdoğan, N. (Eds.), Academic Research and Reviews in Agriculture, Forestry and Aquaculture Sciences (pp.143-154). Platanus, Ankara.
  • Kara, C., Alp, A., & Şimşekli, M. (2010). Distribution of fish fauna on the upper and middle basin of Ceyhan River, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10(1), 111-122. https://doi.org/0.4194/trjfas.2010.0116
  • Klingenberg, C. P. (1996). Multivariate Allometry. In: Marcus, L.F., Corti, M., Loy, A., Naylor, G.J.P., Slice, D.E. (Eds.), Advances in Morphometrics. NATO ASI Series, vol 284. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9083-2_3
  • Koyun, M. (2011). Biogeographical distribution of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) in freshwater sources of Turkey, Science Journal of Bingöl University, 1(1), 5-8.
  • Krupp, F. (1985). Systematik und Zoogeographie der Süsswasserfische des levantinischen Grabenbruchsystems und der Ostküste des Mittelmeers. Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz, 215 pp.
  • Krupp, F., & Schneider, W. (1989). The fishes of the Jordan River drainage basin and Azraq Oasis. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 10, 347-416.
  • Larose, D. T. (Ed.) (2015). Data mining and predictive analytics. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Menon, A. G. K. (1964). Monograph of the cyprinid fishes of the genus Garra Hamilton, 1822. Mem. Ind. Mus., 14(4), 173-260.
  • Monk, C. T., Bekkevold, D., Klefoth, T., Pagel, T., Palmer, M., & Arlinghaus, R. (2021). The battle between harvest and natural selection creates small and shy fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(9), e2009451118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009451118
  • Priyanka, C., Tewari, G., Datta, S. N., & Kumar, B. T. N. (2020). Morphometric and meristic variations in different fish species of family Bagridae from Harike wetland. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(4), 1788-1793.
  • R Core Team, (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/
  • Seçer, B., Yakupoğlu, Ü., & Sungur, S. (2025). Evaluation of body shape variation in species of genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 by geometric morphometry. Acta Biologica Turcica, 38(1), kswg20250101-17p.
  • Simon, K. D., Bakar, Y., Temple, S. E., & Mazlan, A. G. (2010). Morphometric and meristic variation in two congeneric archer fishes Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton 1822) and Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 11(11), 871-879. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.b1000054
  • Sing, A. K., Ansari, A., & Srivastava, S. C. (2021). Morpho-meristics, maturity stages, GSI and gonadal hormone plasticity of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) that invaded into the Ganga River, India. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 82(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-021-00231-0
  • Xanthopoulos, P., Pardalos, P. M., Trafalis, T. B. (2013). Linear discriminant analysis. In Xanthopoulos, P., Pardalos, P. M., & Trafalis, T. B. (Eds.) Robust data mining, (pp. 27-33). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9878-1_4
  • Zarri, L. J., Palkovacs, E. P., Post, D. M., Therkildsen, N. O., & Flecker, A. S. (2022). The evolutionary consequences of dams and other barriers for riverine fishes. BioScience, 72(5), 431-448. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac004

Morphometric and meristic differentiations of Garra turcica (Karaman, 1971) from the various branch of the Ceyhan River System, Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 8 - 20, 30.06.2025

Cemil Kara , Mehmet Fatih Can

https://doi.org/10.51756/marlife.1665629

Öz

This study was conducted to determine metric and meristic differentiations of Garra turcica Karaman, 1971 inhabiting different branches of the Ceyhan River System. Individuals sampled from 13 branches of the Ceyhan River System were examined for 11 metric and 8 meristic traits. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Function Analysis (LDFA) identified both for metric and meristic traits among the different branches of Ceyhan River system. SIMPER (Similarity Percentage) test showed that the most important contributions to this differentiation from metric measurements were caudal peduncle length (71.50 %), dorsal fin height (8.04%) and body depth (5.23 %), and from meristic traits were scales on lateral line (41.65 %), scales above lateral line (20.09 %) and pectoral fin rays (8.55 %). It is known that, in inland waters, compared to marine areas, the rate of genetic and morphological differentiation is higher for closer geographical areas, especially due to the inability to migrate and environmental factors. However, it remains a question that needs to be answered as to why the metric and meristic features determined for this species are the ones that are the most influential in the differentiation. In addition, it should be investigated whether the morphological differentiation detected in the current study also occurs at the genetic level. In this case, it may be possible to define a subspecies for this species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Garra turcica Metric and Meristic Differentiation Ceyhan River System

Etik Beyan

This study was found “appropriate” by Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Faculty of Agriculture Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (KSÜZİRHADYEK), with the decision dated 28.02.2014 and numbered 2014/1. In addition, it was produced within the scope of the project supported by Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with number 2014/1-16 M. In addition, it was produced within the scope of the project supported by Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with number 2014/1-16 M.

Destekleyen Kurum

This work was supported by Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Unit, Project Number: 2014/1-16 M.

Proje Numarası

2014/1-16 M

Teşekkür

This research was supported by the Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Unit, Project No. 2014/1-16 M, and carried out with the legal consent of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock, General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture (permission date 03.04.2014; permission number: 01334). On behalf of the authors, we thank the pertinent institutions. We would also like to thank Biologist Ali Kuzhan for his help in field studies.

Kaynakça

  • Aydın, B., & Akman, S. (2020 An Alternative Species for Aquaculture: Doctor Fish (Garra rufa). Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 51(2), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.602530
  • Bayçelebi, E. (2020). Distribution and diversity of fish from Seyhan, Ceyhan and Orontes river systems, Zoosystematics and Evolution, 96(2), 747-767, https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55837
  • Bayçelebi, E., Kaya, C., Turan, D., Ergüden, S. A., & Freyhof, J. (2018). Redescription of Garra turcica from southern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4524(2), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.6
  • Bostancı, Z. (2006). Taxonomic investigation of freshwater fish fauna living Seyhan, Ceyhan and Asi river (in Turkey). [M. Sc. Thesis. Karadeniz Technical University]
  • Burnaby, T. P. (1966). Growth-invariant discriminant functioris and generalized distances. Biometrics, 22(1), 96-110. https://doi.org/10.2307/2528217
  • Çiçek, E., Fricke, R., Sungur, S., & Eagderi, S. (2018). Endemic freshwater fishes of Turkey, FishTaxa, 3(4), 1-39.
  • Çiçek, E., Öztürk, S., Seçer, B., & Sungur, S. (2021). Determination of some population parameters of Garra turcica Karaman, 1971 from Aksu Stream (Adıyaman/Turkey). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(2), 180-187. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.861517
  • Clarke, K. R. (1993). Non-parametric multivariate analysis of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology, 18(1), 117-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x
  • Demirci, S., Yalçın Özdilek, Ş., & Şimşek, E. (2016). Study on nutrition characteristics of Garra rufa on the River Asi. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(12), 5999-6004.
  • Ergüden, S. A. & Göksu, M. Z. L. (2012). The fish fauna of the Seyhan dam lake (Adana). Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 6(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.3153/jfscom.2012006
  • Frankham, R. (2005). Genetics and extinction. Biological Conservation, 126(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.002
  • Franssen, N. R., Harris, J., Clark, S. R., Schaefer, J. F., & Stewart, L. K. (2013). Shared and unique morphological responses of stream fishes to anthropogenic habitat alteration. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280(1752), 20122715. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2715
  • Geldiay, R, & Balık, S. (2009). Türkiye Tatlısu Balıkları, Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları No:46, Ders Kitabı Dizini No.16, VI. Baskı, Bornova- İzmir.
  • Goren, M., & Ortal, R. (1999). Biogeography, diversity and conservation of the inland water fish communities in Israel. Biological Conservation, 89(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00127-X
  • Hammer, O, Harper, D. A. T. & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological Statistic software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1), 1-9.
  • Kara, C. (2023). Distribution of endemic Garra culiciphaga (Pellegrin, 1927) in the Ceyhan River System, some diagnostic characteristics, habitats and conservation requirements. Marine and Life Sciences, 5(2), 51-54. https://doi.org/10.51756/marlife.1340456
  • Kara, C., & Alp A. (2005). Distribution and morphometric characteristics of Garra rufa Heckel, 1843 in Ceyhan River System. Turkish Journal of Aquatic Life, 3(4), 25-33.
  • Kara, C., & Can, M. F. (2023). Spatial variation in growth for Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843): A case study on three river systems. In Bozdoğan, A. M., & Yarpuz Bozdoğan, N. (Eds.), Academic Research and Reviews in Agriculture, Forestry and Aquaculture Sciences (pp.143-154). Platanus, Ankara.
  • Kara, C., Alp, A., & Şimşekli, M. (2010). Distribution of fish fauna on the upper and middle basin of Ceyhan River, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10(1), 111-122. https://doi.org/0.4194/trjfas.2010.0116
  • Klingenberg, C. P. (1996). Multivariate Allometry. In: Marcus, L.F., Corti, M., Loy, A., Naylor, G.J.P., Slice, D.E. (Eds.), Advances in Morphometrics. NATO ASI Series, vol 284. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9083-2_3
  • Koyun, M. (2011). Biogeographical distribution of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) in freshwater sources of Turkey, Science Journal of Bingöl University, 1(1), 5-8.
  • Krupp, F. (1985). Systematik und Zoogeographie der Süsswasserfische des levantinischen Grabenbruchsystems und der Ostküste des Mittelmeers. Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz, 215 pp.
  • Krupp, F., & Schneider, W. (1989). The fishes of the Jordan River drainage basin and Azraq Oasis. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 10, 347-416.
  • Larose, D. T. (Ed.) (2015). Data mining and predictive analytics. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Menon, A. G. K. (1964). Monograph of the cyprinid fishes of the genus Garra Hamilton, 1822. Mem. Ind. Mus., 14(4), 173-260.
  • Monk, C. T., Bekkevold, D., Klefoth, T., Pagel, T., Palmer, M., & Arlinghaus, R. (2021). The battle between harvest and natural selection creates small and shy fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(9), e2009451118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009451118
  • Priyanka, C., Tewari, G., Datta, S. N., & Kumar, B. T. N. (2020). Morphometric and meristic variations in different fish species of family Bagridae from Harike wetland. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(4), 1788-1793.
  • R Core Team, (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/
  • Seçer, B., Yakupoğlu, Ü., & Sungur, S. (2025). Evaluation of body shape variation in species of genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 by geometric morphometry. Acta Biologica Turcica, 38(1), kswg20250101-17p.
  • Simon, K. D., Bakar, Y., Temple, S. E., & Mazlan, A. G. (2010). Morphometric and meristic variation in two congeneric archer fishes Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton 1822) and Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 11(11), 871-879. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.b1000054
  • Sing, A. K., Ansari, A., & Srivastava, S. C. (2021). Morpho-meristics, maturity stages, GSI and gonadal hormone plasticity of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) that invaded into the Ganga River, India. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 82(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-021-00231-0
  • Xanthopoulos, P., Pardalos, P. M., Trafalis, T. B. (2013). Linear discriminant analysis. In Xanthopoulos, P., Pardalos, P. M., & Trafalis, T. B. (Eds.) Robust data mining, (pp. 27-33). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9878-1_4
  • Zarri, L. J., Palkovacs, E. P., Post, D. M., Therkildsen, N. O., & Flecker, A. S. (2022). The evolutionary consequences of dams and other barriers for riverine fishes. BioScience, 72(5), 431-448. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac004
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Balık Biyolojisi, Balıkçılık Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Cemil Kara 0000-0002-2593-9140

Mehmet Fatih Can 0000-0002-3866-2419

Proje Numarası 2014/1-16 M
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 15 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kara, C., & Can, M. F. (2025). Morphometric and meristic differentiations of Garra turcica (Karaman, 1971) from the various branch of the Ceyhan River System, Türkiye. Marine and Life Sciences, 7(1), 8-20. https://doi.org/10.51756/marlife.1665629
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