Araştırma Makalesi
Hastelloy X Süperalaşımının Frezelenmesinde Farklı Parçacık Boyutlu Al2O3 Esaslı Nanoakışkanların İşleme Performansı Üzerindeki Etkileri
Öz
Uzay ve havacılık sektörüne artan taleple birlikte son yıllarda ciddi gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Gelişmeler ışığında artan ivmelenme, gereksinimleri karşılayacak özellikle üstün malzemelerin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmuştur. Süperalaşım adı verilen bu malzemelerin üstün yorulma ve sürünme özelliklerinin yanında, talaşlı imalat yöntemleriyle şekillendirilmesinde zorluklar yaşanabilmektedir. Yaşanan bu zorlukların üstesinden gelebilme adına araştırmacılar sürdürülebilir imalat yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi için çalışmalarına hız vermiştir. Bu çalışmada uzay ve havacılık alanında sıklıkla tercih edilen, Hastelloy X süperalaşım malzemesi sürdürülebilir soğutma/yağlama koşulları altında frezeleme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Frezeleme işleminde nanoakışkanların parçaçık boyutlarının işleme performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, kuru, minimum miktarda yağlama (MMY), 4 nm boyutlu Al2O3, 48 nm boyutlu Al2O3 ve 136 nm boyutlu Al2O3 nanoakışkan soğutma/yağlama koşulları tercih edilmiştir. Soğutma/yağlama koşullarının etkilerini inceleme adına kesme hızı, ilerleme ve kesme derinliği parametreleri, sırasıyla 50 m/dak, 0.10 mm/dev ve 0.5 mm sabit alınmıştır. Performans karaktersitiği olarak yüzey pürüzlülüğü Ra, kesme sıcaklığı, güç tüketimi ve takım yanak aşınma değeri belirlenmiştir. Frezeleme deneylerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, diğer koşullara kıyasla 4 nm boyutlu Al2O3 nanoakışkanı daha üstün performans sergilemiştir. 4 nm boyutlu Al2O3 nanoakışkan koşulu kuru koşula göre, yüzey pürüzlülüğü, kesme sıcaklığı güç tüketim ve takım yanak aşınması sonuçlarına göre sırasıyla % 37.43, %36.02, %8.33 ve %66.66 oranında düşüş göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- T. M. Pollock, S. Tin, Nickel-based superalloys for advanced turbine engines : chemistry , microstructure , and properties, J Propuls Power 22 2 (2006) 361–374.
- R. Demirsöz, M. Boy, Measurement and evaluation of machinability characteristics in turning of train wheel steel via CVD coated-RCMX carbide tool, İmalat Teknol ve Uygulamaları 3 1 (2022) 1–13.
- Q. Han, R. Mertens, M. L. Montero-Sistiaga, S. Yang, R. Setchi, K. Vanmeensel, B. V. Hoorewe, S. L. Evans, H. Fan, Laser powder bed fusion of Hastelloy X: Effects of hot isostatic pressing and the hot cracking mechanism, Mater Sci Eng A 732 (2018) 228–239.
- H. U. Hong, I. S. Kim, B. G. Choi, H. W. Jeong, C. Y. Jo, Effects of temperature and strain range on fatigue cracking behavior in Hastelloy X, Mater Lett 62 28 (2008) 4351–4353.
- O. Pereira, P. Català, A. Rodríguez, T. Ostra, J. Vivancos, A. Rivero, L.N. López-de-Lacalle, The use of hybrid CO2+MQL in machining operations, Procedia Engineering 132 (2015) 492–499.
- N. Zadafiya, K. Shah, P. Shokrani, A. Khanna, Recent advancements in nano-lubrication strategies for machining processes considering their health and environmental impacts, J Manuf Process 68 (2021) 481-511.
- N. S. Veeranna, S. Lakshmi, Al2O3-based nanofluids: a review, Nanoscale Res Lett, 6 (2011) 456–471.
- F. Gunan, T. Kıvak, C. V. Yıldırım, M. Sarıkaya, Performance evaluation of MQL with Al2O3 mixed nanofluids prepared at different concentrations in milling of Hastelloy C276 alloy, J Mater Res Technol 9 5 (2020) 10386–10400.
- G. Vasu, V. Pradeep Kumar Reddy, Effect of minimum quantity lubrication with Al2O3 nanoparticles on surface roughness, tool wear and temperature dissipation in machining Inconel 600 alloy, Proc Inst Mech Eng Part N J Nanoeng Nanosyst 225 1 (2011) 3-16.
- T. Venkatesan, K. Devendiran, S. Ghazaly, N. M., Rahul, R.Mughilan, Optimization of cutting parameters on turning of Incoloy 800h using Al2O3 nanofluid in coconut oil, Procedia Manuf 30 (2019) 268-275.
- H. A. Eltaggaz, A. Hegab, H. Deiab, I. Kishawy, Hybrid nano-fluid-minimum quantity lubrication strategy for machining austempered ductile iron (ADI), In . J Interact Des Manuf 12 (2018) 1273–1281.
- R. Hadi, M. Atefi, Effect of minimum quantity lubrication with gamma-Al2O3 nanoparticles on surface roughness in milling AISI D3 steel, Indian J Sci Technol 8 3(2015) 130–135.
- Ç. V. Yıldırım, Ş. Şirin, T. Kıvak, Waspaloy süper alaşımının frezelenmesinde nanopartikül katkılı yağlamanın takım aşınması üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknol Dergisi 7 1 (2019) 466–476.
- S. W. Lee, P. H. Nam, J. S. Li, C. Lee, An experimental study on micro-grinding process with nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), Int J Precis Eng Manuf 13 (2012) 331-338.
- E. Şirin, Hastelloy X süper alaşımının delinmesinde nano partikül katkılı kesme yağlarının işleme performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Düzce Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2021.
- Ş. Şirin, T. Kıvak, Performances of different eco-friendly nanofluid lubricants in the milling of Inconel X-750 superalloy,Tribol Int 137 (2019) 180–192.
- Nanografi, Al2O3 Aluminum Oxide, https://www.nanografi.com.tr/, 10.11.2024.
- M. Suresh, S. Venkitaraj, K. P. Selvakumar, P. Chandrasekar, Synthesis of Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluids using two step method and its thermo physical properties, Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp 388 1 (2011) 41-48.
- G. Pramanik, A. Dixit, A. R. Chattopadhyaya, S. Uddin, M. S. Dong, Y. Basak, A. K. Littlefair, Fatigue life of machined components, Advances in Manufacturing 5 (2017) 59-76.
- Ş. Şirin, S. Akıncıoğlu, M. K. Gupta, T. Kıvak,N. Khanna, A tribological performance of vegetable-based oil combined with GNPs and hBN nanoparticles on the friction-wear tests of titanium grade 2, Tribol Int 181 (2023) 108314.
- Y. Ye, C. Zhang, C. Zhao, J. Dong, Effects of post-processing on the surface finish, porosity, residual stresses, and fatigue performance of additive manufactured metals: a review, J Mater Eng Perform 30 (2021) 6407-6425.
- O. Öndin, T. Kıvak, M. Sarıkaya, Ç. V. Yıldırım, Investigation of the influence of MWCNTs mixed nanofluid on the machinability characteristics of PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel, Tribol Int 148 (2020) 106323.
- E. Şirin, Ç. V. Yıldırım, Ş. Şirin, T. Kıvak, M. Sarıkaya, Comprehensive analysis of cutting temperature, tool wear, surface integrity and tribological properties in sustainable milling of Ti6Al4V alloy: LN2, nanofluid and hybrid machining, J Manuf Process 131 (2024) 1360-1371.
- Ç. V. Yıldırım, M. Sarıkaya, T. Kıvak, Ş. Şirin,The effect of addition of hBN nanoparticles to nanofluid-MQL on tool wear patterns, tool life, roughness and temperature in turning of Ni-based Inconel 625, Tribol Int 134 (2019) 443–456.
- P. Chinchanikar, S. Kore, S. S. Hujare, A review on nanofluids in minimum quantity lubrication machining, J Manuf Process 68 (2021) 56–70.
- Y. Wang, Z. Wan, L. Lu, Z. Zhang, Y. Tang, Friction and wear mechanisms of castor oil with addition of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles, Tribol Int 124 (2018) 10–22.
- E. Şirin, Evaluation of tribological performance of MQL technique combined with LN₂, CO₂, N₂ ecological cooling/lubrication techniques when turning of Hastelloy C22 superalloy, Tribol Int 188 (2023) 108786.
- M. A. Abukhshim, N. A. Mativenga, P. T. Sheikh, Heat generation and temperature prediction in metal cutting: A review and implications for high speed machining, Int J Mach Tools Manuf 46 7 (2006) 782-800.
- A.Yücel, Ç. V. Yıldırım, M. Sarıkaya, Ş. Şirin, T. Kıvak, M. K.Gupta, İ. V. Tomaz, Influence of MoS2 based nanofluid-MQL on tribological and machining characteristics in turning of AA 2024 T3 aluminum alloy, J Mater Res 15 (2021) 1688–1704.
- Ş. Şirin, M. Sarıkaya, Ç. V. Yıldırım, T. Kıvak, Machinability performance of nickel alloy X-750 with SiAlON ceramic cutting tool under dry, MQL and hBN mixed nanofluid-MQL,Tribol Int 153 (2021) 106673.
- A. Aramcharoen S. K. Chuan, An experimental ınvestigation on cryogenic milling of Inconel 718 and its sustainability assessment, Procedia CIRP 14 (2014) 529–534.
- E. Şirin, E. Uysal, N. Khanna, Ş. Şirin, An investigation of deep wear status assessment of AISI 329 material under green nanofluid conditions, Arab. J Sci Eng (2014) 1–20.
- Ç. V. Yıldırım, Ş. Şirin, S. Dağlı, H. Salvi, N. Khanna, Analysis of machinability and sustainability aspects while machining Hastelloy C4 under sustainable cutting conditions, Sustain Mater Technol 38 (2023) 00781.
- M. Ö. Ayhan, E. Şirin, Ç. V. Yildirim, The effect of environmentally friendly cooling techniques in hard turning: comparison of nanofluid, vortex, GQDs and hybrid cooling methods, Arab J Sci Eng (2024) 1–22.
Effects of Al2O3 Based Nanofluids with Different Particle Sizes on Machining Performance in Milling of Hastelloy X Superalloy
Öz
In recent years, due to the increasing demand in the space and aviation sector, serious developments have been experienced. The increasing acceleration in the light of the developments has contributed to the development of superior materials that will meet the requirements. In addition to the superior fatigue and creep properties of these materials namely superalloys, there may be difficulties in shaping them with machining methods. In order to overcome these difficulties, researchers have accelerated their study to develop sustainable manufacturing methods. In this study, Hastelloy X superalloy material, which is frequently preferred in the space and aviation areas, was milled under sustainable cooling/lubrication conditions. It was aimed to investigate the effects of particle sizes of nanofluids on machining performance in the milling process. For this purpose, dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), 4 nm sized Al2O3, 48 nm sized Al2O3 and 136 nm sized Al2O3 nanofluid cooling/lubrication conditions were preferred. In order to investigate the effects of cooling/lubrication conditions, the cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth parameters were taken as 50 m/min, 0.10 mm/rev, and 0.5 mm, respectively. Surface roughness Ra, cutting temperature, power consumption, and tool flank wear values were determined as performance characteristics. According to the results obtained from milling experiments, 4 nm sized Al2O3 nanofluid exhibited superior performance compared to other conditions. 4 nm sized Al2O3 nanofluid condition showed decrease of 37.43%, 36.02%, 8.33%, and 66.66%, respectively, in surface roughness, cutting temperature, power consumption, and tool flank wear results compared to dry condition.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- T. M. Pollock, S. Tin, Nickel-based superalloys for advanced turbine engines : chemistry , microstructure , and properties, J Propuls Power 22 2 (2006) 361–374.
- R. Demirsöz, M. Boy, Measurement and evaluation of machinability characteristics in turning of train wheel steel via CVD coated-RCMX carbide tool, İmalat Teknol ve Uygulamaları 3 1 (2022) 1–13.
- Q. Han, R. Mertens, M. L. Montero-Sistiaga, S. Yang, R. Setchi, K. Vanmeensel, B. V. Hoorewe, S. L. Evans, H. Fan, Laser powder bed fusion of Hastelloy X: Effects of hot isostatic pressing and the hot cracking mechanism, Mater Sci Eng A 732 (2018) 228–239.
- H. U. Hong, I. S. Kim, B. G. Choi, H. W. Jeong, C. Y. Jo, Effects of temperature and strain range on fatigue cracking behavior in Hastelloy X, Mater Lett 62 28 (2008) 4351–4353.
- O. Pereira, P. Català, A. Rodríguez, T. Ostra, J. Vivancos, A. Rivero, L.N. López-de-Lacalle, The use of hybrid CO2+MQL in machining operations, Procedia Engineering 132 (2015) 492–499.
- N. Zadafiya, K. Shah, P. Shokrani, A. Khanna, Recent advancements in nano-lubrication strategies for machining processes considering their health and environmental impacts, J Manuf Process 68 (2021) 481-511.
- N. S. Veeranna, S. Lakshmi, Al2O3-based nanofluids: a review, Nanoscale Res Lett, 6 (2011) 456–471.
- F. Gunan, T. Kıvak, C. V. Yıldırım, M. Sarıkaya, Performance evaluation of MQL with Al2O3 mixed nanofluids prepared at different concentrations in milling of Hastelloy C276 alloy, J Mater Res Technol 9 5 (2020) 10386–10400.
- G. Vasu, V. Pradeep Kumar Reddy, Effect of minimum quantity lubrication with Al2O3 nanoparticles on surface roughness, tool wear and temperature dissipation in machining Inconel 600 alloy, Proc Inst Mech Eng Part N J Nanoeng Nanosyst 225 1 (2011) 3-16.
- T. Venkatesan, K. Devendiran, S. Ghazaly, N. M., Rahul, R.Mughilan, Optimization of cutting parameters on turning of Incoloy 800h using Al2O3 nanofluid in coconut oil, Procedia Manuf 30 (2019) 268-275.
- H. A. Eltaggaz, A. Hegab, H. Deiab, I. Kishawy, Hybrid nano-fluid-minimum quantity lubrication strategy for machining austempered ductile iron (ADI), In . J Interact Des Manuf 12 (2018) 1273–1281.
- R. Hadi, M. Atefi, Effect of minimum quantity lubrication with gamma-Al2O3 nanoparticles on surface roughness in milling AISI D3 steel, Indian J Sci Technol 8 3(2015) 130–135.
- Ç. V. Yıldırım, Ş. Şirin, T. Kıvak, Waspaloy süper alaşımının frezelenmesinde nanopartikül katkılı yağlamanın takım aşınması üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknol Dergisi 7 1 (2019) 466–476.
- S. W. Lee, P. H. Nam, J. S. Li, C. Lee, An experimental study on micro-grinding process with nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), Int J Precis Eng Manuf 13 (2012) 331-338.
- E. Şirin, Hastelloy X süper alaşımının delinmesinde nano partikül katkılı kesme yağlarının işleme performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Düzce Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2021.
- Ş. Şirin, T. Kıvak, Performances of different eco-friendly nanofluid lubricants in the milling of Inconel X-750 superalloy,Tribol Int 137 (2019) 180–192.
- Nanografi, Al2O3 Aluminum Oxide, https://www.nanografi.com.tr/, 10.11.2024.
- M. Suresh, S. Venkitaraj, K. P. Selvakumar, P. Chandrasekar, Synthesis of Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluids using two step method and its thermo physical properties, Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp 388 1 (2011) 41-48.
- G. Pramanik, A. Dixit, A. R. Chattopadhyaya, S. Uddin, M. S. Dong, Y. Basak, A. K. Littlefair, Fatigue life of machined components, Advances in Manufacturing 5 (2017) 59-76.
- Ş. Şirin, S. Akıncıoğlu, M. K. Gupta, T. Kıvak,N. Khanna, A tribological performance of vegetable-based oil combined with GNPs and hBN nanoparticles on the friction-wear tests of titanium grade 2, Tribol Int 181 (2023) 108314.
- Y. Ye, C. Zhang, C. Zhao, J. Dong, Effects of post-processing on the surface finish, porosity, residual stresses, and fatigue performance of additive manufactured metals: a review, J Mater Eng Perform 30 (2021) 6407-6425.
- O. Öndin, T. Kıvak, M. Sarıkaya, Ç. V. Yıldırım, Investigation of the influence of MWCNTs mixed nanofluid on the machinability characteristics of PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel, Tribol Int 148 (2020) 106323.
- E. Şirin, Ç. V. Yıldırım, Ş. Şirin, T. Kıvak, M. Sarıkaya, Comprehensive analysis of cutting temperature, tool wear, surface integrity and tribological properties in sustainable milling of Ti6Al4V alloy: LN2, nanofluid and hybrid machining, J Manuf Process 131 (2024) 1360-1371.
- Ç. V. Yıldırım, M. Sarıkaya, T. Kıvak, Ş. Şirin,The effect of addition of hBN nanoparticles to nanofluid-MQL on tool wear patterns, tool life, roughness and temperature in turning of Ni-based Inconel 625, Tribol Int 134 (2019) 443–456.
- P. Chinchanikar, S. Kore, S. S. Hujare, A review on nanofluids in minimum quantity lubrication machining, J Manuf Process 68 (2021) 56–70.
- Y. Wang, Z. Wan, L. Lu, Z. Zhang, Y. Tang, Friction and wear mechanisms of castor oil with addition of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles, Tribol Int 124 (2018) 10–22.
- E. Şirin, Evaluation of tribological performance of MQL technique combined with LN₂, CO₂, N₂ ecological cooling/lubrication techniques when turning of Hastelloy C22 superalloy, Tribol Int 188 (2023) 108786.
- M. A. Abukhshim, N. A. Mativenga, P. T. Sheikh, Heat generation and temperature prediction in metal cutting: A review and implications for high speed machining, Int J Mach Tools Manuf 46 7 (2006) 782-800.
- A.Yücel, Ç. V. Yıldırım, M. Sarıkaya, Ş. Şirin, T. Kıvak, M. K.Gupta, İ. V. Tomaz, Influence of MoS2 based nanofluid-MQL on tribological and machining characteristics in turning of AA 2024 T3 aluminum alloy, J Mater Res 15 (2021) 1688–1704.
- Ş. Şirin, M. Sarıkaya, Ç. V. Yıldırım, T. Kıvak, Machinability performance of nickel alloy X-750 with SiAlON ceramic cutting tool under dry, MQL and hBN mixed nanofluid-MQL,Tribol Int 153 (2021) 106673.
- A. Aramcharoen S. K. Chuan, An experimental ınvestigation on cryogenic milling of Inconel 718 and its sustainability assessment, Procedia CIRP 14 (2014) 529–534.
- E. Şirin, E. Uysal, N. Khanna, Ş. Şirin, An investigation of deep wear status assessment of AISI 329 material under green nanofluid conditions, Arab. J Sci Eng (2014) 1–20.
- Ç. V. Yıldırım, Ş. Şirin, S. Dağlı, H. Salvi, N. Khanna, Analysis of machinability and sustainability aspects while machining Hastelloy C4 under sustainable cutting conditions, Sustain Mater Technol 38 (2023) 00781.
- M. Ö. Ayhan, E. Şirin, Ç. V. Yildirim, The effect of environmentally friendly cooling techniques in hard turning: comparison of nanofluid, vortex, GQDs and hybrid cooling methods, Arab J Sci Eng (2024) 1–22.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Triboloji, İmalat Süreçleri ve Teknolojileri |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 19 Kasım 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 |
