Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı temizleme yöntemlerinin yer tutucu apareyler üzerinde kolonize olan mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki antimikrobiyal etkinliğini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada 5x5x3cm boyutlarında akril bloklar hazırlandı. Blokların yüzeyleri %70 etanolle sterilize edilerek kurutuldu. Blokların yüzeylerine mikroorganizmalar (Streptococcus mutans-ATCC10449 (S.mutans), Candida albicans-ATCC60193(C.albicans)) yoğunlukları OD600=0,01 olacak şekilde ayarlandıktan sonra 400µl uygulandı ve üzerleri 4x4cm boyutlarında steril plastik bir filmle kaplanarak nemli bir atmosferde 37oC’de 24 saat inkübe edildi. İnkübasyon sonunda mikroorganizma yükü değerlendirildi ve örneklerin yüzeylerine beş farklı işlem uygulandı, kontrol grubuna ise herhangi bir işlem uygulanmadı. Çalışmada gruplar; Grup 1: Kontrol, Grup 2: Diş fırçası+sıvı sabun, Grup 3: Diş fırçası+diş macunu, Grup 4: Diş fırçası+sıvı sabun+efervesan tablet, Grup 5: Diş fırçası+diş macunu+efervesan tablet, Grup 6: Efervesan tablet şeklindeydi. Tüm örnekler yıkanarak yüzeylerde kalan S.mutans için Brain Heart Infusion Agar’a, C.albicans için Sabouraud Dextrose Agar’a ekim yapılarak mikrobiyal yükleri hesaplandı. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi SPSS 25,0 programı kullanılarak t testi ve ki kare testi ile gerçekleştirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmada etkinlikleri değerlendirilen tüm ajanların S.mutans ve C.albicans kolonizasyonunu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde azalttığı tespit edildi (p=0,01). Hem S.mutans hem de C.albicans kolonizasyonu üzerinde en etkili Grup 5 bulunmuş, onu sırasıyla Grup 4>Grup 6>Grup 3>Grup 2 izlemiştir.
Sonuç: Çalışmada tüm temizleme yöntemlerinin akril bloklar üzerinde kolonize olan mikroorganizmalar üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edildi. Mekanik olarak diş fırçası ile temizlemenin yanında efervesan tablet kullanımının hareketli yer tutucuların temizliğinde daha etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Ramakrishnan M, Dhanalakshmi R, Subramanian EMG. Survival rate of different fixed posterior space maintainers used in Paediatric Dentistry – A systematic review. Saudi Dent J. 2019;31:165-172.
- 2. Gökcek Taraç M. Are Plaque Disclosing Agents Effective for Improving Self-Performed Dental Hygiene in Patients with Space Maintainers? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Eur J Ther. 2024;30:616-625.
- 3. Gurcan AT, Koruyucu M, Kuru S, Sepet E, Seymen F. Effects of Fixed and Removable Space Maintainers on Dental Plaque and DMFT/dft Values. Odovtos - Int J Dent Sci. 2021;23:137-147.
- 4. Gumber P, Sarawgi A, Dutta S, Goenka P. Simple Fixed Functional Space Maintainer. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2014;7:225-228.
- 5. Kargul B, Çaglar E, Kabalay U. Glass fiber-reinforced composite resin as fixed space maintainers in children: 12-Month clinical follow-up. J Dent Child. 2005;72:109-112.
- 6. Kilian M, Chapple ILC, Hannig M, et al. The oral microbiome - An update for oral healthcare professionals. Br Dent J. 2016;221:657-666.
- 7. Oliveria ML, Pazinatto J, Zanatta FB. Are oral hygiene instructions with aid of plaque‐disclosing methods effective in improving self-performed dental plaquecontrol? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Dent Hyg. 2021;19:239-254.
- 8. Kundu R, Tripathi AM, Jaiswal JN, Ghoshal U, Palit M, Khanduja S. Effect of fixed space maintainers and removable appliances on oral microflora in children: An in vivo study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2016;34:3-9.
- 9. Rammohan S, Juvvadi S, Gandikota C, Challa P, Manne R, Mathur A. Adherence of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans to different bracket materials. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2012;4:212.
- 10. Lara-Carrillo E, Montiel-Bastida NM, Sánchez-Pérez L, Alanís-Tavira J. Effect of orthodontic treatment on saliva, plaque and the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15.
- 11. Topaloglu-Ak A, Ertugrul F, Eden E, Ates M, Bulut H. Effect of orthodontic appliances on oral microbiota-6 month follow-up. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2011;35:433-436.
- 12. Pathak AK, Sharma DS. Biofilm associated microorganisms on removable oral orthodontic appliances in children in the mixed dentition. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013;37:335-340.
- 13. Hibino K, Wong RWK, HÄgg U, Samaranayake LP. The effects of orthodontic appliances on Candida in the human mouth. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19:301-308.
- 14. Aydoğan Akgün F. Cleaning Methods and Materials for Removable Orthodontic Appliances: A Questionnaire Study. Black Sea J Heal Sci. 2021;4:136-140.
- 15. Duyck J, Vandamme K, Krausch-Hofmann S, et al. Impact of denture cleaning method and overnight storage condition on denture biofilm mass and composition: A cross-over randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2016;11:1-16.
- 16. Cruz PC, de Andrade IM, Peracini A, et al. The effectiveness of chemical denture cleansers and ultrasonic device in bio film removal from complete dentures. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19:668-673.
- 17. Pithon MM, dos Santos RL, Alviano WS, Ruellas AC de O, Araújo MT de S. Quantitative assessment of S. mutans and C. albicans in patients with Haas and Hyrax expanders. Dental Press J Orthod. 2012;17:1-6.
- 18. Arendorf T, Addy M. Candidal carriage and plaque distribution before, during and after removable orthodontic appliance therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 1985;12:360-368.
- 19. Budtz-Jorgensen E, Bertram. U. Denture Stomatitis. I. The Etiology in Relation to Trauma and Infection.; 1970.
- 20. Eichenauer J, Serbesis C, Ruf S. Reinigung herausnehmbarer kieferorthopädischer Apparaturen - eine Umfrage. J Orofac Orthop. 2011;72:389-395.
- 21. Tsolakis A, Kakali L, Prevezanos P, Bitsanis I, Polyzois G. Use of different cleaning methods for removable orthodontic appliances: A questionnaire study. Oral Heal Prev Dent. 2019;17.
- 22. Charavet C, Graveline L, Gourdain Z, Lupi L. What are the cleaning and disinfection methods for acrylic orthodontic removable appliance? A systematic review. Children. 2021;8:1-13.
- 23. Farhadifard H, Sohilifar S, Bakhshaei A. Plaque Removal Efficacy of 3 Cleaning Methods for Removable Orthodontic Appliances: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial. Turkish J Orthod. 2021;34:170-175.
- 24. Diedrich P, Aachen. Keimbesiedlung und verschiedene Reinigungsverfahren kieferorthopädischer Geräte. Fortschr Kieferorthop. 1989;50:231-239.S
Öz
Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of different cleaning methods in reducing microbial colonization on space maintainer appliances.
Materials and Methods: Acrylic blocks (5×5×3 cm) were fabricated for the study. The surfaces of these blocks were sterilized using 70% ethanol and subsequently air-dried. A standardized microorganism suspensions (Streptococcus mutans ATCC 10449 and Candida albicans ATCC 60193) were prepared at a density of OD600 = 0.01, and 400 µL of the suspension was applied to the surfaces of the acrylic blocks. The blocks were then covered with sterile plastic films (4×4 cm) and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After incubation, microbial load was quantified, and five different cleaning protocols were applied to the block surfaces. The groups were as follows; Group1: Control (No treatment), Group2: Toothbrush+liquid soap, Group3: Toothbrush+toothpaste, Group4: Toothbrush+liquid soap+cleanser tablet, Group5: Toothbrush+toothpaste+cleanser tablet, Group6: Cleanser tablet only. All blocks were rinsed in sterile phosphate buffered saline, and the residual microbial load was determined by inoculation on to Brain Heart Infusion Agar (for S. mutans) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (for C. albicans). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software program by the chi-square and t-tests.
Results: All cleaning methods significantly reduced the colonization of both S. mutans and C. albicans (p=0.01). Among the tested methods, Group 5 demonstrated the highest antimicrobial efficacy, followed by Groups 4>6>3>2, respectively.
Conclusion: This study highlights the effectiveness of various cleaning methods in reducing microbial colonization on removable space maintainers. The combination of mechanical cleaning with a toothbrush and the use of cleanser tablets showed superior efficacy.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Ramakrishnan M, Dhanalakshmi R, Subramanian EMG. Survival rate of different fixed posterior space maintainers used in Paediatric Dentistry – A systematic review. Saudi Dent J. 2019;31:165-172.
- 2. Gökcek Taraç M. Are Plaque Disclosing Agents Effective for Improving Self-Performed Dental Hygiene in Patients with Space Maintainers? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Eur J Ther. 2024;30:616-625.
- 3. Gurcan AT, Koruyucu M, Kuru S, Sepet E, Seymen F. Effects of Fixed and Removable Space Maintainers on Dental Plaque and DMFT/dft Values. Odovtos - Int J Dent Sci. 2021;23:137-147.
- 4. Gumber P, Sarawgi A, Dutta S, Goenka P. Simple Fixed Functional Space Maintainer. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2014;7:225-228.
- 5. Kargul B, Çaglar E, Kabalay U. Glass fiber-reinforced composite resin as fixed space maintainers in children: 12-Month clinical follow-up. J Dent Child. 2005;72:109-112.
- 6. Kilian M, Chapple ILC, Hannig M, et al. The oral microbiome - An update for oral healthcare professionals. Br Dent J. 2016;221:657-666.
- 7. Oliveria ML, Pazinatto J, Zanatta FB. Are oral hygiene instructions with aid of plaque‐disclosing methods effective in improving self-performed dental plaquecontrol? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Dent Hyg. 2021;19:239-254.
- 8. Kundu R, Tripathi AM, Jaiswal JN, Ghoshal U, Palit M, Khanduja S. Effect of fixed space maintainers and removable appliances on oral microflora in children: An in vivo study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2016;34:3-9.
- 9. Rammohan S, Juvvadi S, Gandikota C, Challa P, Manne R, Mathur A. Adherence of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans to different bracket materials. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2012;4:212.
- 10. Lara-Carrillo E, Montiel-Bastida NM, Sánchez-Pérez L, Alanís-Tavira J. Effect of orthodontic treatment on saliva, plaque and the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15.
- 11. Topaloglu-Ak A, Ertugrul F, Eden E, Ates M, Bulut H. Effect of orthodontic appliances on oral microbiota-6 month follow-up. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2011;35:433-436.
- 12. Pathak AK, Sharma DS. Biofilm associated microorganisms on removable oral orthodontic appliances in children in the mixed dentition. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013;37:335-340.
- 13. Hibino K, Wong RWK, HÄgg U, Samaranayake LP. The effects of orthodontic appliances on Candida in the human mouth. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19:301-308.
- 14. Aydoğan Akgün F. Cleaning Methods and Materials for Removable Orthodontic Appliances: A Questionnaire Study. Black Sea J Heal Sci. 2021;4:136-140.
- 15. Duyck J, Vandamme K, Krausch-Hofmann S, et al. Impact of denture cleaning method and overnight storage condition on denture biofilm mass and composition: A cross-over randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2016;11:1-16.
- 16. Cruz PC, de Andrade IM, Peracini A, et al. The effectiveness of chemical denture cleansers and ultrasonic device in bio film removal from complete dentures. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19:668-673.
- 17. Pithon MM, dos Santos RL, Alviano WS, Ruellas AC de O, Araújo MT de S. Quantitative assessment of S. mutans and C. albicans in patients with Haas and Hyrax expanders. Dental Press J Orthod. 2012;17:1-6.
- 18. Arendorf T, Addy M. Candidal carriage and plaque distribution before, during and after removable orthodontic appliance therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 1985;12:360-368.
- 19. Budtz-Jorgensen E, Bertram. U. Denture Stomatitis. I. The Etiology in Relation to Trauma and Infection.; 1970.
- 20. Eichenauer J, Serbesis C, Ruf S. Reinigung herausnehmbarer kieferorthopädischer Apparaturen - eine Umfrage. J Orofac Orthop. 2011;72:389-395.
- 21. Tsolakis A, Kakali L, Prevezanos P, Bitsanis I, Polyzois G. Use of different cleaning methods for removable orthodontic appliances: A questionnaire study. Oral Heal Prev Dent. 2019;17.
- 22. Charavet C, Graveline L, Gourdain Z, Lupi L. What are the cleaning and disinfection methods for acrylic orthodontic removable appliance? A systematic review. Children. 2021;8:1-13.
- 23. Farhadifard H, Sohilifar S, Bakhshaei A. Plaque Removal Efficacy of 3 Cleaning Methods for Removable Orthodontic Appliances: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial. Turkish J Orthod. 2021;34:170-175.
- 24. Diedrich P, Aachen. Keimbesiedlung und verschiedene Reinigungsverfahren kieferorthopädischer Geräte. Fortschr Kieferorthop. 1989;50:231-239.S
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Diş Hekimliği (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 22 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 23 Aralık 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 14 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2 |
