Associations Between Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level and Central Corneal and Macular Thickness in Diabetic Eyes Without Retinopathy

Burcu Kazancı; Dilek Özçelik Soba; Çağrı İlhan; Yasemin Özdamar Erol

doi:10.4274/meandros.galenos.2021.63626

Araştırma Makalesi

Associations Between Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level and Central Corneal and Macular Thickness in Diabetic Eyes Without Retinopathy

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 80 - 86, 30.03.2022

Burcu Kazancı , Dilek Özçelik Soba Çağrı İlhan , Yasemin Özdamar Erol

Öz

Objective: The comparison of a central corneal (CCT) and central foveal thickness (CMT) of type 2 patients with diabetes with a healthy control group and determine the difference according to fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) levels and time of diabetes.
Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with diabetes without retinopathy and 47 healthy controls of similar age and gender were compared. The mean of three consecutive corneal thickness measurements at the central cornea was obtained by the Pentacam HR imaging system (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and macular thickness was obtained by Heildenberg optical coherence tomography (OCT). The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and HbA1c levels of all participants were evaluated. The analysis was performed on the right eye.
Results: Groups were statistically similar in terms of age and gender (p>0.05). Patients with diabetes had significantly higher FBG and HbA1c values than controls and the percentage of patients with HbA1c values less than 8% in Type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly lower than healthy controls (p<0.001). Visual acuity logarithm of the minimum resolution angle of patients with diabetes was significantly lower than that of controls (p=0.034). However, similar results were obtained in both groups in terms of CCT and CMT values (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In our study, diabetic participants without DR had no difference at CCT and CMT between non-diabetic controls. This result shown that the macula and corneal thickness cannot be used as indicators of retinopathy and keratopathy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Corneal pachymetry, diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, hemoglobin A1c, optical coherence tomography

Kaynakça

1. Jeganathan VS, Wang JJ, Wong TY. Ocular associations of diabetes other than diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 1905-12.
2. Writing Team for the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Effect of intensive therapy on the microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2002; 287: 2563-9.
3. Memon AF, Mahar PS, Memon MS, Mumtaz SN, Shaikh SA, Fahim MF. Age-related cataract and its types in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Hospital-based comparative study. J Pak Med Assoc 2016; 66: 1272-6.
4. Negi A, Vernon SA. An overview of the eye in diabetes. J R Soc Med 2003; 96: 266-72.
5. Bikbova G, Oshitari T, Tawada A, Yamamoto S. Corneal changes in diabetes mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2012; 8: 294-302.
6. Yeung L, Sun CC, Ku WC, Chuang LH, Chen CH, Huang BY, et al. Associations between chronic glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level and macular volume in diabetes patients without macular oedema. Acta Ophthalmol 2010; 88: 753-8.
7. Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, Schuman JS, Stinson WG, Chang W, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science 1991; 254: 1178-81.
8. Viswanathan D, Kumar NL, Males JJ, Graham SL. Comparative analysis of corneal measurements obtained from a Scheimpflug camera and an integrated Placido-optical coherence tomography device in normal and keratoconic eyes. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93: e488-94.
9. Vieira-Potter VJ, Karamichos D, Lee DJ. Ocular Complications of Diabetes and Therapeutic Approaches. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016: 3801570.
10. Shih KC, Lam KS, Tong L. A systematic review on the impact of diabetes mellitus on the ocular surface. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7: e251.
11. American Diabetes Association, Data from the National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014, [http://www.diabetes.org/diabetesbasics/statistics/](http://www.diabetes.org/diabetesbasics/statistics/).
12. Calvo-Maroto AM, Cerviño A, Perez-Cambrodí RJ, García-Lázaro S, Sanchis-Gimeno JA. Quantitative corneal anatomy: evaluation of the effect of diabetes duration on the endothelial cell density and corneal thickness. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2015; 35: 293-8.
13. Choo M, Prakash K, Samsudin A, Soong T, Ramli N, Kadir A. Corneal changes in type II diabetes mellitus in Malaysia. Int J Ophthalmol 2010; 3: 234-6.
14. Inoue K, Kato S, Inoue Y, Amano S, Oshika T. The corneal endothelium and thickness in type II diabetes mellitus. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2002; 46: 65-9.
15. Gao F, Lin T, Pan Y. Effects of diabetic keratopathy on corneal optical density, central corneal thickness, and corneal endothelial cell counts. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12: 1705-10.
16. Toygar O, Sizmaz S, Pelit A, Toygar B, Yabaş Kiziloğlu Ö, Akova Y. Central corneal thickness in type II diabetes mellitus: is it related to the severity of diabetic retinopathy? Turk J Med Sci 2015; 45: 651-4.
17. Lee JS, Oum BS, Choi HY, Lee JE, Cho BM. Differences in corneal thickness and corneal endothelium related to duration in diabetes. Eye (Lond) 2006; 20: 315-8.
18. Srinivasan S, Pritchard N, Sampson GP, Edwards K, Vagenas D, Russell AW, et al. Retinal thickness profile of individuals with diabetes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2016; 36: 158-66.
19. Dai W, Tham YC, Cheung N, Yasuda M, Tan NYQ, Cheung CY, et al. Macular thickness profile and diabetic retinopathy: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102: 1072-6.
20. De Clerck EEB, Schouten JSAG, Berendschot TTJM, Goezinne F, Dagnelie PC, Schaper NC, et al. Macular thinning in prediabetes or type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy: the Maastricht Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96: 174-82.
21. Sng CC, Cheung CY, Man RE, Wong W, Lavanya R, Mitchell P, et al. Influence of diabetes on macular thickness measured using optical coherence tomography: the Singapore Indian Eye Study. Eye (Lond) 2012; 26: 690-8.
22. Yolcu U, Çağıltay E, Toyran S, Akay F, Uzun S, Gundogan FC. Choroidal and macular thickness changes in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy. Postgrad Med 2016; 128: 755-60.
23. Meshi A, Chen KC, You QS, Dans K, Lin T, Bartsch DU, et al. ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL TESTING IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITHOUT RETINOPATHY: Results of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Visual Acuity Under Varying Contrast and Luminance Conditions. Retina 2019; 39: 2022-31.

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 80 - 86, 30.03.2022

Burcu Kazancı , Dilek Özçelik Soba Çağrı İlhan , Yasemin Özdamar Erol

Öz

Kaynakça

1. Jeganathan VS, Wang JJ, Wong TY. Ocular associations of diabetes other than diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 1905-12.
2. Writing Team for the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Effect of intensive therapy on the microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2002; 287: 2563-9.
3. Memon AF, Mahar PS, Memon MS, Mumtaz SN, Shaikh SA, Fahim MF. Age-related cataract and its types in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Hospital-based comparative study. J Pak Med Assoc 2016; 66: 1272-6.
4. Negi A, Vernon SA. An overview of the eye in diabetes. J R Soc Med 2003; 96: 266-72.
5. Bikbova G, Oshitari T, Tawada A, Yamamoto S. Corneal changes in diabetes mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2012; 8: 294-302.
6. Yeung L, Sun CC, Ku WC, Chuang LH, Chen CH, Huang BY, et al. Associations between chronic glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level and macular volume in diabetes patients without macular oedema. Acta Ophthalmol 2010; 88: 753-8.
7. Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, Schuman JS, Stinson WG, Chang W, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science 1991; 254: 1178-81.
8. Viswanathan D, Kumar NL, Males JJ, Graham SL. Comparative analysis of corneal measurements obtained from a Scheimpflug camera and an integrated Placido-optical coherence tomography device in normal and keratoconic eyes. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93: e488-94.
9. Vieira-Potter VJ, Karamichos D, Lee DJ. Ocular Complications of Diabetes and Therapeutic Approaches. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016: 3801570.
10. Shih KC, Lam KS, Tong L. A systematic review on the impact of diabetes mellitus on the ocular surface. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7: e251.
11. American Diabetes Association, Data from the National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014, [http://www.diabetes.org/diabetesbasics/statistics/](http://www.diabetes.org/diabetesbasics/statistics/).
12. Calvo-Maroto AM, Cerviño A, Perez-Cambrodí RJ, García-Lázaro S, Sanchis-Gimeno JA. Quantitative corneal anatomy: evaluation of the effect of diabetes duration on the endothelial cell density and corneal thickness. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2015; 35: 293-8.
13. Choo M, Prakash K, Samsudin A, Soong T, Ramli N, Kadir A. Corneal changes in type II diabetes mellitus in Malaysia. Int J Ophthalmol 2010; 3: 234-6.
14. Inoue K, Kato S, Inoue Y, Amano S, Oshika T. The corneal endothelium and thickness in type II diabetes mellitus. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2002; 46: 65-9.
15. Gao F, Lin T, Pan Y. Effects of diabetic keratopathy on corneal optical density, central corneal thickness, and corneal endothelial cell counts. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12: 1705-10.
16. Toygar O, Sizmaz S, Pelit A, Toygar B, Yabaş Kiziloğlu Ö, Akova Y. Central corneal thickness in type II diabetes mellitus: is it related to the severity of diabetic retinopathy? Turk J Med Sci 2015; 45: 651-4.
17. Lee JS, Oum BS, Choi HY, Lee JE, Cho BM. Differences in corneal thickness and corneal endothelium related to duration in diabetes. Eye (Lond) 2006; 20: 315-8.
18. Srinivasan S, Pritchard N, Sampson GP, Edwards K, Vagenas D, Russell AW, et al. Retinal thickness profile of individuals with diabetes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2016; 36: 158-66.
19. Dai W, Tham YC, Cheung N, Yasuda M, Tan NYQ, Cheung CY, et al. Macular thickness profile and diabetic retinopathy: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102: 1072-6.
20. De Clerck EEB, Schouten JSAG, Berendschot TTJM, Goezinne F, Dagnelie PC, Schaper NC, et al. Macular thinning in prediabetes or type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy: the Maastricht Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96: 174-82.
21. Sng CC, Cheung CY, Man RE, Wong W, Lavanya R, Mitchell P, et al. Influence of diabetes on macular thickness measured using optical coherence tomography: the Singapore Indian Eye Study. Eye (Lond) 2012; 26: 690-8.
22. Yolcu U, Çağıltay E, Toyran S, Akay F, Uzun S, Gundogan FC. Choroidal and macular thickness changes in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy. Postgrad Med 2016; 128: 755-60.
23. Meshi A, Chen KC, You QS, Dans K, Lin T, Bartsch DU, et al. ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL TESTING IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITHOUT RETINOPATHY: Results of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Visual Acuity Under Varying Contrast and Luminance Conditions. Retina 2019; 39: 2022-31.

Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Göz Hastalıkları
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Burcu Kazancı Dilek Özçelik Soba Çağrı İlhan Yasemin Özdamar Erol
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2022 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

EndNote	Kazancı B, Özçelik Soba D, İlhan Ç, Özdamar Erol Y (01 Mart 2022) Associations Between Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level and Central Corneal and Macular Thickness in Diabetic Eyes Without Retinopathy. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal 23 1 80–86.

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