The Relationship Between Inflammatory Indicators and the Severity of the Disease in Coronavirus Disease
Öz
Objective: The complete blood count parameters and biochemical biomarkers important for the follow-up of patients in the inflammatory process of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inpatients in the ward, and intensive care were analysed retrospectively.
Materials and Methods: One hundred thirty inpatients in the intensive care and 147 inpatients in the COVID-19 ward were included in this study. Additionally, 47 healthy people were added as a control group. Whole blood parameters [white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, monocytes, platelet, neutrophil, monocyte/ lymphocyte (MLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR)], ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation ratio (ESR) and albumin values of these patients and individuals were analyzed retrospectively. Obtained laboratory values were compared.
Results: The procalcitonin, CRP, ESR, WBC, neutrophil, NLR, MLR, ferritin and procalcitonin values of the patients the intensive care patients were higher than the other two groups (p<0.001). However, the albumin and lymphocyte levels of the patients in the intensive care unit were lower (p<0.001). Additionally, the CRP and ESR values of the inpatients in the ward were higher than those in the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Hematological findings such as lymphocytes, NLR, WBC and inflammatory findings such as procalcitonin, ESR, CRP, and ferritin are associated with disease severity. Additionally, increased NLR levels may indicate aggravation of the inflammatory process and the possibility of intensive care admission. Therefore, monitoring of inflammatory findings, and NLR, can help predict and treat the prognosis of COVID-19.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Coronavirus disease C-reactive protein ferritin procalcitonin neutrophillymphocyte ratio inflammation
Kaynakça
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- 2. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet 2020; 395: 470-3.
- 3. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 727-33.
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- 9. Keskin A, Aci R, Taskin MH, Erdem M, Bilgin M, Ari M. Comparison of Laboratory Findings And Mortality Rates of Variant ALPHA and SARS-COV-2 Infected Patients. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Health Sciences 2021; 7: 79-88.
- 10. Keskin A, Ustun GU, Aci R, Duran U. Homocysteine as a marker for predicting disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Biomark Med 2022; 16: 559-68.
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- 14. Yan Q, Li P, Ye X, Huang X, Mo X, Wang Q, et al. Longitudinal peripheral blood transcriptional analysis of COVID-19 patients captures disease progression and reveals potential biomarkers. medRxiv 2020.
- 15. Huang Z, Fu Z, Huang W, Wang G, Zheng Y, Zhong R, et al. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis: a meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 38: 641-7.
- 16. Arslanbek Erdem M, Cubukcu M, Müderrisoğlu S, Aci R, Keskin A, Türe E. The Relationship between COVID-19 Suspected Patient’s Coagulation and Platelet Parameters and Polymerase Chain Reaction Results. Konuralp Medical Journal 2022; 14: 92-98.
- 17. Tan C, Huang Y, Shi F, Tan K, Ma Q, Chen Y, et al. C-reactive protein correlates with computed omographic findings and predicts severe COVID-19 early. J Med Virol 2020; 92: 856-62.
- 18. Zhang J, Wang X, Jia X, Li J, Hu K, Chen G, et al. Risk factors for disease severity, unimprovement, and mortality of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26: 767-72.
- 19. Rodriguez A, Reyes LF, Monclou J, Suberviola B, Bodi M, Sirgo G, et al. Relationship between acute kidney injury and serum procalcitonin concentration in critically ill patients with influenza infection. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) 2018; 42: 399-408.
- 20. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J 2020; 55: 2000547.
- 21. Gulhar R, Ashraf MA, Jialal I. Physiology, Acute Phase Reagents. Treasure Island FL USA: StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
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- 24. Zhang W, Yuan Y, Zhang S, Jin C, Wu L, Mei H, et al. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in COVID-19 Infections. medRxiv 2020.
- 25. Unluguzel Ustun G, Keskin A, Aci R, Arslanbek Erdem M, Ari M. Association Between Hb A1c and Severity of COVID-19 Patients. Hemoglobin 2021; 45: 124-8.
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1199-207.
- 2. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet 2020; 395: 470-3.
- 3. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 727-33.
- 4. Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest 2013; 111: 1805-12.
- 5. Chen X, Yang Y, Huang M, Liu L, Zhang X, Xu J, et al. Differences between COVID-19 and suspected then confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative pneumonia: a retrospective study from a single center. J Med Virol 2020; 92: 1572-9.
- 6. Tishkowski K, Gupta V. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL) USA, 2020.
- 7. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395: 1054-62.
- 8. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395: 497-506.
- 9. Keskin A, Aci R, Taskin MH, Erdem M, Bilgin M, Ari M. Comparison of Laboratory Findings And Mortality Rates of Variant ALPHA and SARS-COV-2 Infected Patients. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Health Sciences 2021; 7: 79-88.
- 10. Keskin A, Ustun GU, Aci R, Duran U. Homocysteine as a marker for predicting disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Biomark Med 2022; 16: 559-68.
- 11. Guthrie GJK, Charles KA, Roxburgh CSD, Horgan PG, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. The systemic inflammation-based neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio: experience in patients with cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88: 218-30.
- 12. Zang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8: 475-81.
- 13. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020; 395: 507-13.
- 14. Yan Q, Li P, Ye X, Huang X, Mo X, Wang Q, et al. Longitudinal peripheral blood transcriptional analysis of COVID-19 patients captures disease progression and reveals potential biomarkers. medRxiv 2020.
- 15. Huang Z, Fu Z, Huang W, Wang G, Zheng Y, Zhong R, et al. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis: a meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 38: 641-7.
- 16. Arslanbek Erdem M, Cubukcu M, Müderrisoğlu S, Aci R, Keskin A, Türe E. The Relationship between COVID-19 Suspected Patient’s Coagulation and Platelet Parameters and Polymerase Chain Reaction Results. Konuralp Medical Journal 2022; 14: 92-98.
- 17. Tan C, Huang Y, Shi F, Tan K, Ma Q, Chen Y, et al. C-reactive protein correlates with computed omographic findings and predicts severe COVID-19 early. J Med Virol 2020; 92: 856-62.
- 18. Zhang J, Wang X, Jia X, Li J, Hu K, Chen G, et al. Risk factors for disease severity, unimprovement, and mortality of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26: 767-72.
- 19. Rodriguez A, Reyes LF, Monclou J, Suberviola B, Bodi M, Sirgo G, et al. Relationship between acute kidney injury and serum procalcitonin concentration in critically ill patients with influenza infection. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) 2018; 42: 399-408.
- 20. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J 2020; 55: 2000547.
- 21. Gulhar R, Ashraf MA, Jialal I. Physiology, Acute Phase Reagents. Treasure Island FL USA: StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
- 22. Kernan KF, Carcillo JA. Hyperferritinemia and inflammation. Int Immunol 2017; 29: 401-9.
- 23. Henry BM, Oliveira MHS, Benoit S, Plebani M, Lippi G. Hematologic, biochemical and immune biomarker abnormalities associated with severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58: 1021-8.
- 24. Zhang W, Yuan Y, Zhang S, Jin C, Wu L, Mei H, et al. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in COVID-19 Infections. medRxiv 2020.
- 25. Unluguzel Ustun G, Keskin A, Aci R, Arslanbek Erdem M, Ari M. Association Between Hb A1c and Severity of COVID-19 Patients. Hemoglobin 2021; 45: 124-8.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Biyokimya ve Hücre Biyolojisi (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2 |