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Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 26 - 35, 30.06.2025

Nur Jale Ece , Ünal Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.47512/meujmaf.1697490

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty. (2024). War Risk and Marine Insurance Trends in 2024.
  • Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty. (2024a). Maritime Risk Bulletin: Conflict Zones and Insurance Premiums.
  • Anadolu Ajansı (AA) (2024). Israel’s attacks on Palestine bring region’s economy to stalemate, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israel-s-attacks-on-palestine-bring-region-s-economy-to-stalemate/3142650. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • Atlantic Council (2024). The Economic and Social Costs of the War in Gaza. 1-31, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/The-Economic-and-Social-Costs-of-the-war-in-Gaza.pdf. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • Axmarin (2024). Nearly 300 Less Ships Per Week Through Suez Canal Due To Red Sea Crisis, https://public.axsmarine.com/blog/nearly-300-less-ships-through-suez-canal-through-red-sea-crisis. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • BIMCO. (2024). Maritime Security Update: Eastern Mediterranean Focus.
  • Bonini, E. (2024). Hamas-Israel conflict hits Suez Canal, trade crisis risk, including Italy. [online] EUNEWS, 9 Jan. Available at: https://www.eunews.it/en/2024/01/09/hamas-israel-conflict-hits-suez-canal-trade-crisis-risk-including-italy/ (Accessed 23 May 2025).
  • Butter, D. (2024). Economic Impact of the Gaza War. IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2024. Strategic Sectors : Economy&Territory, pp.273-274. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • CIMSEC (2016). Dangerous Waters: The Situation In The Bab El-Mandeb Strait. https://cimsec.org/dangerous-waters-situation-bab-el-mandeb-strait/.(Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • Clarksons Research. (2024a). Global container market outlook – Q1 2024. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.clarksons.net/
  • Clarksons Research. (2024b). Impact of Red Sea conflict on shipping insurance. Clarksons Shipping Intelligence Network. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.clarksons.net/
  • Drewry (2024a). Container market outlook: Disruption in the Red Sea and implications for global ports. Drewry Insights Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.drewry.co.uk/container-insight-weekly/weekly-feature-articles/january-freight-loop---red-sea-crisis-impact-assessment-for-global-shippers.
  • Drewry (2024b). Container market outlook – Q1 2024. Drewry Container Forecaster (Subscriber Access). Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.drewry.co.uk/supply-chain-advisors/supply-chain-expertise/world-container-index-assessed-by-drewry
  • Dünya Gazetesi (2023). Savaş nedeniyle sigorta risk primleri 10 kata kadar arttı (Insurance risk premiums increased up to 10 times due to the war), https://www.dunya.com/sektorler/sigortacilik/savas-nedeniyle-sigorta-risk-primleri-10-kata-kadar-artti-haberi-709659. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • Excelsior (2024). How Does the Israel War Affect Global Logistics and Freight Forwarding?, https://excelsior.ph/how-does-the-israel-war-affect-global-logistics-and-freight-forwarding/
  • Ferraa, O., Kanboui, L., & Touzi, B. (2024). Red Sea Disruptions: Exploring Global TradeImplications through a Literature Review. International Conference on Science, Innovations and Global Solutions. (pp. 173-178). Futurity Research Publishing. https://futurity-publishing.com/international-conferenceon-science-innovations-and-global-solutions-archive/
  • Galani, G. (2022). Consequences of War On Supply Chain And Relative Disruptions. Master Degree, Department of Maritime Studies M.Sc. In Shipping Management, pp.59. 1-77.
  • Gard P&I Club (2024). Advisory on Israel-Gaza Conflict and Implications for P&I Coverage.
  • Gürdeniz, C. (2023). İsrail-Filistin savaşını küresel deniz taşımacılığına etkisi (The impact of the Israeli-Palestinian war on global shipping), (https://www.denizbulten.com/israil-filistin-savasinin-kuresel-deniz-tasimaciligina-etkisi-52988h.htm.
  • Hill Dickinson (2023). Israel-Palestine conflict: The effect on the global shipping industry, https://www.hilldickinson.com/insights/articles/israel-palestine-conflict-effect-global-shipping-industry
  • ICS (International Chamber of Shipping). (2024). Security Measures and Operational Guidelines for Conflict-Affected Ports.
  • ILO (2023). Israel Raw Materials Supply Chain on the labour market and livelihoods in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: No. 3 Bulletin
  • ILO (2024). Impact of the Israel-Hamas conflict on the labor market and livelihoods in the Occupied Palestinian Territory [EN/AR]. Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/impact-israel-hamas-conflict-labour-market-and-livelihoods-occupied-palestinian-territory-.enar?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwko21BhAPEiwAwfaQCHLEHvzIFdZZOfqnlfxWq79ZPiNwNWCt3OjCL6aYgoLPs9nKAgmsZRoCVeAQAvD_BwE.
  • IMF Blog (2024). Red Sea Attacks Disrupt Global Trade. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2024/03/07/Red-Sea-Attacks-Disrupt-Global-Trade.DOI: https://doi.org/10.54394/OZPO4600
  • IMO (International Maritime Organization). (2024). Situation Brief: Red Sea Maritime Security Update – March 2024.
  • ITA (2024). Israel Raw Materials Supply Chain Affected by Israel-Hamas Conflict. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/israel-raw-materials-supply-chain-affected-israel-hamas-conflict#:~:text=The%20Israel%2DHamas%20Conflict%20has,Sea%20to%20alternative%20sea%20routes.
  • ITF (2024). ITF urges action to protect seafarers in Red Sea war zone. Retrieved June 10, 2025, from https://www.itfglobal.org/en/news/itf-urges-action-protect-seafarers-red-sea-war-zone.
  • Kamali P., Koepke, R., Sozzi, A., Verschuur, J. (2024). IMF Blog, Retrieved May 10, 2025, from https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2024/03/07/Red-Sea-Attacks-Disrupt-Global-Trade#:~:text=Attacks%20on%20vessels%20in%20the,the%20Cape%20of%20Good%20Hope.
  • Lloyd’s List. (2024). Israel Conflict Disrupts Shipping Lines and Port Operations. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1148800.
  • Lloyd’s Market Association. (2024). Joint War Committee listed areas – Updated February 2024. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.lmalloyds.com/LMA/News/LMA_bulletins/LMA_Joint_War_Committee_Listed_Areas_February_2024.pdf
  • Maritime Mutual (MM) (2023). Israel/Palestine War and Increased Threats to Merchant Ships in Middle East Waters. Maritime Mutual Risk Bulletin No. 75. Retrieved May 10, 2025, from https://maritime-mutual.com/risk-bulletins/israel-palestine-war-and-increased-threats-to-merchant-ships-in-middle-east-waters/.
  • Marsh. (2024). Marine insurance alert: Coverage adjustments due to Middle East conflict. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.marsh.com/
  • Martin, N. (2024). Red Sea shipping crisis worsens after Israel-Houthi attacks. DW, Business Yemen. Retrieved May 10, 2025, from https://www.dw.com/en/red-sea-shipping-crisis-worsens-after-israel-houthi-attacks/a-69738531.
  • Mepanews (2023). Kızıldeniz'i kullanamayan İsrail'in imdadına Suudi Arabistan, BAE ve Ürdün yetişti (Saudi Arabia, UAE and Jordan came to the rescue of Israel, which could not use the Red Sea). Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.mepanews.com/kizildenizi-kullanamayan-israilin-imdadina-suudi-arabistan-bae-ve-urdun-yetisti-64022h.htm.
  • Middle East Institute (2024). Israel in the Red Sea during the War in Gaza: Strategic insights. Retrieved May 23, 2025 from https://www.mei.edu/publications/israel-red-sea-during-war-gaza-strategic-insights.
  • Muhammadiyad, P.S. (2024). The Geopolitical Ripple: Understanding The Israel-Palestine Conflict’s Impact On Global Trade. Retrieved May 23, 2025 from https://psm.umy.ac.id/id/the-geopolitical-ripple-understanding-the-israel-palestine-conflicts-impact-on-global-trade/#:~:text=The%20rerouting%20of%20ships%20due,et%20al.%2C%202023).
  • Munich Re. (2024). Geopolitical risk and insurance innovation. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.munichre.com/
  • Neele-vat. (2025). Suez Canal shipping traffic recovery expected in 2025. https://www.neelevat.com/news/recovery-shipping-traffic-suez-canal-expected-in-2025/(Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • Norton Rose Fulbright. (2024). Legal considerations in war-related maritime insurance claims. Retrieved June 30, 2025, from https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/
  • Oceans Beyond Piracy (2024). Maritime security and use of private armed guards. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.oceansbeyondpiracy.org/
  • OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs). (2024). Gaza Humanitarian Situation Report – February 2024.
  • Reuters. (2024). Iran’s support of Houthi naval threats raises Red Sea tensions. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.reuters.com/
  • Risk Intelligence (2023). The conflict in Gaza: direct and indirect maritime and port impacts of the ballistic threat. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.riskintelligence.eu/analyst-briefings/the-conflict-in-gaza-direct-and-indirect-maritime-and-port-impacts-of-the-ballistic-threat.
  • SAFETY4SEA (2023). How the conflict in Israel can impact maritime security and trade. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://safety4sea.com/how-the-conflict-in-israel-can-impact-maritime-security-and-trade/#:~:text=Security%20threat%20for%20vessels,being%20advised%20to%20do%20so.
  • SAFETY4SEA (2025). Traffic in Suez Canal is expected to normalize by March. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://safety4sea.com/traffic-in-suez-canal-is-expected-to-normalize-by-march/.
  • Sarı, İ. (2024). Iran's Strategy in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait and Houthi Attacks. Ortadoğu Araştırmaları Merkezi (ORSAM). Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.orsam.org.tr/en/irans-strategy-in-the-bab-el-mandeb-strait-and-houthi-attacks/.
  • Statista. (2024a). Impact on Red Sea vessel shipped crude oil exports caused by the Israel-Hamas conflict from October 7th 2023 to February 9th 2024. Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1396873/red-sea-crude-oil-exports-israel-hamas-war/
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THE EFFECT OF THE ISRAEL-GAZA WAR ON MARITIME TRADE AND TRASPORTATION

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 26 - 35, 30.06.2025

Nur Jale Ece , Ünal Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.47512/meujmaf.1697490

Öz

This study investigates the impact of the Israel-Gaza War on global maritime trade and transportation. The conflict has led to significant disruptions in key maritime routes, particularly in the Red Sea and Suez Canal, forcing vessels to divert to alternative passages such as the Cape of Good Hope. These route changes have resulted in increased sailing times, fuel consumption, operational costs, insurance premiums, and carbon emissions. Port congestion and delays in international deliveries have also intensified. In this review-based study, recent data and reports from industry sources are synthesized to examine the war's implications for maritime trade flows, shipping insurance, and the economic sustainability of global logistics. The findings highlight the urgent need for strategic resilience planning in maritime operations under conditions of geopolitical conflict.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İsrael-Gazza War Maritime Trade Maritime Transportation Suez Canal Traffic Cape of Good Hope Traffic

Kaynakça

  • Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty. (2024). War Risk and Marine Insurance Trends in 2024.
  • Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty. (2024a). Maritime Risk Bulletin: Conflict Zones and Insurance Premiums.
  • Anadolu Ajansı (AA) (2024). Israel’s attacks on Palestine bring region’s economy to stalemate, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israel-s-attacks-on-palestine-bring-region-s-economy-to-stalemate/3142650. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • Atlantic Council (2024). The Economic and Social Costs of the War in Gaza. 1-31, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/The-Economic-and-Social-Costs-of-the-war-in-Gaza.pdf. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • Axmarin (2024). Nearly 300 Less Ships Per Week Through Suez Canal Due To Red Sea Crisis, https://public.axsmarine.com/blog/nearly-300-less-ships-through-suez-canal-through-red-sea-crisis. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • BIMCO. (2024). Maritime Security Update: Eastern Mediterranean Focus.
  • Bonini, E. (2024). Hamas-Israel conflict hits Suez Canal, trade crisis risk, including Italy. [online] EUNEWS, 9 Jan. Available at: https://www.eunews.it/en/2024/01/09/hamas-israel-conflict-hits-suez-canal-trade-crisis-risk-including-italy/ (Accessed 23 May 2025).
  • Butter, D. (2024). Economic Impact of the Gaza War. IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2024. Strategic Sectors : Economy&Territory, pp.273-274. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • CIMSEC (2016). Dangerous Waters: The Situation In The Bab El-Mandeb Strait. https://cimsec.org/dangerous-waters-situation-bab-el-mandeb-strait/.(Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • Clarksons Research. (2024a). Global container market outlook – Q1 2024. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.clarksons.net/
  • Clarksons Research. (2024b). Impact of Red Sea conflict on shipping insurance. Clarksons Shipping Intelligence Network. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.clarksons.net/
  • Drewry (2024a). Container market outlook: Disruption in the Red Sea and implications for global ports. Drewry Insights Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.drewry.co.uk/container-insight-weekly/weekly-feature-articles/january-freight-loop---red-sea-crisis-impact-assessment-for-global-shippers.
  • Drewry (2024b). Container market outlook – Q1 2024. Drewry Container Forecaster (Subscriber Access). Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.drewry.co.uk/supply-chain-advisors/supply-chain-expertise/world-container-index-assessed-by-drewry
  • Dünya Gazetesi (2023). Savaş nedeniyle sigorta risk primleri 10 kata kadar arttı (Insurance risk premiums increased up to 10 times due to the war), https://www.dunya.com/sektorler/sigortacilik/savas-nedeniyle-sigorta-risk-primleri-10-kata-kadar-artti-haberi-709659. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • Excelsior (2024). How Does the Israel War Affect Global Logistics and Freight Forwarding?, https://excelsior.ph/how-does-the-israel-war-affect-global-logistics-and-freight-forwarding/
  • Ferraa, O., Kanboui, L., & Touzi, B. (2024). Red Sea Disruptions: Exploring Global TradeImplications through a Literature Review. International Conference on Science, Innovations and Global Solutions. (pp. 173-178). Futurity Research Publishing. https://futurity-publishing.com/international-conferenceon-science-innovations-and-global-solutions-archive/
  • Galani, G. (2022). Consequences of War On Supply Chain And Relative Disruptions. Master Degree, Department of Maritime Studies M.Sc. In Shipping Management, pp.59. 1-77.
  • Gard P&I Club (2024). Advisory on Israel-Gaza Conflict and Implications for P&I Coverage.
  • Gürdeniz, C. (2023). İsrail-Filistin savaşını küresel deniz taşımacılığına etkisi (The impact of the Israeli-Palestinian war on global shipping), (https://www.denizbulten.com/israil-filistin-savasinin-kuresel-deniz-tasimaciligina-etkisi-52988h.htm.
  • Hill Dickinson (2023). Israel-Palestine conflict: The effect on the global shipping industry, https://www.hilldickinson.com/insights/articles/israel-palestine-conflict-effect-global-shipping-industry
  • ICS (International Chamber of Shipping). (2024). Security Measures and Operational Guidelines for Conflict-Affected Ports.
  • ILO (2023). Israel Raw Materials Supply Chain on the labour market and livelihoods in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: No. 3 Bulletin
  • ILO (2024). Impact of the Israel-Hamas conflict on the labor market and livelihoods in the Occupied Palestinian Territory [EN/AR]. Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/impact-israel-hamas-conflict-labour-market-and-livelihoods-occupied-palestinian-territory-.enar?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwko21BhAPEiwAwfaQCHLEHvzIFdZZOfqnlfxWq79ZPiNwNWCt3OjCL6aYgoLPs9nKAgmsZRoCVeAQAvD_BwE.
  • IMF Blog (2024). Red Sea Attacks Disrupt Global Trade. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2024/03/07/Red-Sea-Attacks-Disrupt-Global-Trade.DOI: https://doi.org/10.54394/OZPO4600
  • IMO (International Maritime Organization). (2024). Situation Brief: Red Sea Maritime Security Update – March 2024.
  • ITA (2024). Israel Raw Materials Supply Chain Affected by Israel-Hamas Conflict. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/israel-raw-materials-supply-chain-affected-israel-hamas-conflict#:~:text=The%20Israel%2DHamas%20Conflict%20has,Sea%20to%20alternative%20sea%20routes.
  • ITF (2024). ITF urges action to protect seafarers in Red Sea war zone. Retrieved June 10, 2025, from https://www.itfglobal.org/en/news/itf-urges-action-protect-seafarers-red-sea-war-zone.
  • Kamali P., Koepke, R., Sozzi, A., Verschuur, J. (2024). IMF Blog, Retrieved May 10, 2025, from https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2024/03/07/Red-Sea-Attacks-Disrupt-Global-Trade#:~:text=Attacks%20on%20vessels%20in%20the,the%20Cape%20of%20Good%20Hope.
  • Lloyd’s List. (2024). Israel Conflict Disrupts Shipping Lines and Port Operations. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1148800.
  • Lloyd’s Market Association. (2024). Joint War Committee listed areas – Updated February 2024. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.lmalloyds.com/LMA/News/LMA_bulletins/LMA_Joint_War_Committee_Listed_Areas_February_2024.pdf
  • Maritime Mutual (MM) (2023). Israel/Palestine War and Increased Threats to Merchant Ships in Middle East Waters. Maritime Mutual Risk Bulletin No. 75. Retrieved May 10, 2025, from https://maritime-mutual.com/risk-bulletins/israel-palestine-war-and-increased-threats-to-merchant-ships-in-middle-east-waters/.
  • Marsh. (2024). Marine insurance alert: Coverage adjustments due to Middle East conflict. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.marsh.com/
  • Martin, N. (2024). Red Sea shipping crisis worsens after Israel-Houthi attacks. DW, Business Yemen. Retrieved May 10, 2025, from https://www.dw.com/en/red-sea-shipping-crisis-worsens-after-israel-houthi-attacks/a-69738531.
  • Mepanews (2023). Kızıldeniz'i kullanamayan İsrail'in imdadına Suudi Arabistan, BAE ve Ürdün yetişti (Saudi Arabia, UAE and Jordan came to the rescue of Israel, which could not use the Red Sea). Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.mepanews.com/kizildenizi-kullanamayan-israilin-imdadina-suudi-arabistan-bae-ve-urdun-yetisti-64022h.htm.
  • Middle East Institute (2024). Israel in the Red Sea during the War in Gaza: Strategic insights. Retrieved May 23, 2025 from https://www.mei.edu/publications/israel-red-sea-during-war-gaza-strategic-insights.
  • Muhammadiyad, P.S. (2024). The Geopolitical Ripple: Understanding The Israel-Palestine Conflict’s Impact On Global Trade. Retrieved May 23, 2025 from https://psm.umy.ac.id/id/the-geopolitical-ripple-understanding-the-israel-palestine-conflicts-impact-on-global-trade/#:~:text=The%20rerouting%20of%20ships%20due,et%20al.%2C%202023).
  • Munich Re. (2024). Geopolitical risk and insurance innovation. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.munichre.com/
  • Neele-vat. (2025). Suez Canal shipping traffic recovery expected in 2025. https://www.neelevat.com/news/recovery-shipping-traffic-suez-canal-expected-in-2025/(Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • Norton Rose Fulbright. (2024). Legal considerations in war-related maritime insurance claims. Retrieved June 30, 2025, from https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/
  • Oceans Beyond Piracy (2024). Maritime security and use of private armed guards. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.oceansbeyondpiracy.org/
  • OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs). (2024). Gaza Humanitarian Situation Report – February 2024.
  • Reuters. (2024). Iran’s support of Houthi naval threats raises Red Sea tensions. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.reuters.com/
  • Risk Intelligence (2023). The conflict in Gaza: direct and indirect maritime and port impacts of the ballistic threat. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.riskintelligence.eu/analyst-briefings/the-conflict-in-gaza-direct-and-indirect-maritime-and-port-impacts-of-the-ballistic-threat.
  • SAFETY4SEA (2023). How the conflict in Israel can impact maritime security and trade. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://safety4sea.com/how-the-conflict-in-israel-can-impact-maritime-security-and-trade/#:~:text=Security%20threat%20for%20vessels,being%20advised%20to%20do%20so.
  • SAFETY4SEA (2025). Traffic in Suez Canal is expected to normalize by March. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://safety4sea.com/traffic-in-suez-canal-is-expected-to-normalize-by-march/.
  • Sarı, İ. (2024). Iran's Strategy in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait and Houthi Attacks. Ortadoğu Araştırmaları Merkezi (ORSAM). Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.orsam.org.tr/en/irans-strategy-in-the-bab-el-mandeb-strait-and-houthi-attacks/.
  • Statista. (2024a). Impact on Red Sea vessel shipped crude oil exports caused by the Israel-Hamas conflict from October 7th 2023 to February 9th 2024. Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1396873/red-sea-crude-oil-exports-israel-hamas-war/
  • Statista (2024b). Impact of the Israel-Hamas war on shipping in the Red Sea - statistics & facts. Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1450000/impact-on-red-sea-vessel-shipped-crude-oil-exports-caused-by-the-israel-hamas-conflict/.
  • Statista (2024c). Quarterly volume of freight unloaded in the Red Sea port of Eilat in Israel from 1st quarter 2022 to 1st quarter 2024. Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1477893/israel-quarterly-volume-of-freight-unloaded-in-eilat-port/.
  • Stock logistic (2024). The Gaza conflict and its impact on international trade. Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://www.stocklogistic.com/en/actuality/el-conflicto-de-gaza-y-su-impacto-en-el-comercio-internacional/.
  • Swiss Re Institute. (2024). Global reinsurance market outlook – 2024. Retrieved June 30, 2025, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/topics-and-risk-dialogues/global-reinsurance-outlook.html
  • United Nations Trade&Development (UNCTAD) (2024a). Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://unctad.org/news/suez-and-panama-canal-disruptions-threaten-global-trade-and-development.
  • United Nations Trade&Development (UNCTAD) (2024b). Economıc Impact of The Destructıon In Gaza. Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://unctad.org/publication/preliminary-assessment-economic-impact-destruction-gaza-and-prospects-economic-recovery.
  • United Nations Trade&Development (UNCTAD) (2024c). Suez and Panama Canal disruptions threaten global trade and developmentNumber of transits per day, 28 days rolling average, October 2018–October 2024. Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://unctad.org/news/suez-and-panama-canal-disruptions-threaten-global-trade-and-development. (Accessed May 23, 2025).
  • UN DP (2024). Potential Socioeconomic Impacts of the Gaza War on Egypt: A rapid assessment, https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2024-05/final_rapid_assessment_impact_of_gaza_on_egypt_19-5-2024.pdf., p. 22, 24
  • US Department of Transportation Maritime Administration (USDTMA) (2024). 2024-004-Southern Red Sea, Bab el Mandeb Strait, Gulf of Aden, Indian Ocean, Somali Basin, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, Strait of Hormuz, and Persian Gulf-Threats to Commercial Vessels. Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://www.maritime.dot.gov/msci/2024-004-southern-red-sea-bab-el-mandeb-strait-gulf-aden-indian-ocean-somali-basin-arabian-sea
  • U.S. Department of Defense (USDD) (2024). Operation Prosperity Guardian: Multinational naval task force launched. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/ArticleID/
  • UTIKAD (2023). Savaşın ilk faturası denizyoluna çıktı. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.utikad.org.tr/Detay/Sektor-Haberleri/35797/savasin-ilk-faturasi-denizyoluna-cikti
  • World Bank (2024). Port infrastructure stress in the Eastern Mediterranean – a logistics perspective. Retrieved June 30, 2025, from https://www.worldbank.org/
  • Vtw (2024). Maritime Security in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Retrieved June 23, 2025, from https://www.wtwco.com/en-ch/insights/2024/06/maritime-security-in-the-red-sea-and-gulf-of-aden.
  • Zhang, B., Chen, X, Liu, H., Ye, L., Zhang, R. and Zhao, Y. (2025). Assessing the Impacts of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict on Global Sea Transportation: From the View of Mass Tanker Trajectories, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, pp. 1-2,18 https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/311.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Akıllı Hareketlilik
Bölüm Review Articles
Yazarlar

Nur Jale Ece 0000-0003-2048-5458

Ünal Özdemir 0000-0001-9682-4239

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ece, N. J., & Özdemir, Ü. (2025). THE EFFECT OF THE ISRAEL-GAZA WAR ON MARITIME TRADE AND TRASPORTATION. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty, 7(1), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.47512/meujmaf.1697490
AMA Ece NJ, Özdemir Ü. THE EFFECT OF THE ISRAEL-GAZA WAR ON MARITIME TRADE AND TRASPORTATION. MEUJMAF. Haziran 2025;7(1):26-35. doi:10.47512/meujmaf.1697490
Chicago Ece, Nur Jale, ve Ünal Özdemir. “THE EFFECT OF THE ISRAEL-GAZA WAR ON MARITIME TRADE AND TRASPORTATION”. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty 7, sy. 1 (Haziran 2025): 26-35. https://doi.org/10.47512/meujmaf.1697490.
EndNote Ece NJ, Özdemir Ü (01 Haziran 2025) THE EFFECT OF THE ISRAEL-GAZA WAR ON MARITIME TRADE AND TRASPORTATION. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty 7 1 26–35.
IEEE N. J. Ece ve Ü. Özdemir, “THE EFFECT OF THE ISRAEL-GAZA WAR ON MARITIME TRADE AND TRASPORTATION”, MEUJMAF, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 26–35, 2025, doi: 10.47512/meujmaf.1697490.
ISNAD Ece, Nur Jale - Özdemir, Ünal. “THE EFFECT OF THE ISRAEL-GAZA WAR ON MARITIME TRADE AND TRASPORTATION”. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty 7/1 (Haziran 2025), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.47512/meujmaf.1697490.
JAMA Ece NJ, Özdemir Ü. THE EFFECT OF THE ISRAEL-GAZA WAR ON MARITIME TRADE AND TRASPORTATION. MEUJMAF. 2025;7:26–35.
MLA Ece, Nur Jale ve Ünal Özdemir. “THE EFFECT OF THE ISRAEL-GAZA WAR ON MARITIME TRADE AND TRASPORTATION”. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty, c. 7, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 26-35, doi:10.47512/meujmaf.1697490.
Vancouver Ece NJ, Özdemir Ü. THE EFFECT OF THE ISRAEL-GAZA WAR ON MARITIME TRADE AND TRASPORTATION. MEUJMAF. 2025;7(1):26-35.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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