Öz
Londra’da yaşayan Filistin kökenli bir şair olarak tanıdığımız Rafeef Ziadah bir gazetecinin kendisine yönelttiği üstü kapalı nefret suçlaması üzerine cevap niteliğinde We teach life,sir şiirini yazmıştır. Bu şiir pek çok yönden Filistin ve özellikle Gazze’de yaşanan acıların görsel ve işitsel bir manifestosu hâlindedir. Mevcut çalışma şiirin gayet zengin bir üslupla sergilediği imgelem öğelerinin sembolik anlamlarını keşfetmek üzere alegorik satır altı anlamlara uzanan bir teşebbüste bulunur. Bu teşebbüs nihayetinde ortaya konan, imgelem-sembolizm birlikteliğiyle yeniden tanımlanmış parçalar bir puzzle tamamlar gibi bir araya getirilerek şiirin Gestalt anlatısı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Son tahlilde, Rafeef Ziadah’nin sembolik imgelemi parçaların bir aradayken bizatihi anlatılarından daha büyük bir anlatıyı dile getirmekte olduğunu göstermiş ve Gazze’de yaşanan katliamın sessizleştirilmiş türden (silenced) bir soykırıma dönüştüğünün resmini çizmiştir. Ayrıca şair dünyanın bu duruma karşı kayıtsız sessizliğini -henüz yaygın olarak kullanılan bir tabir olmasa da- yaşanılan acıları seyirle yetinmek olarak kabaca tanımlanabilen, ‘travma gösterisi’ olarak teşhis etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Gestalt anlatı Rafeef Ziadah Sessizleştirilmiş soykırım Travma Gösterisi.
Kaynakça
- Abrams M. H. 1953, The mirror and the lamp. Oxford.
- Abrams M. H. 1999, A Glossary of Literary Terms. Heinle & Heinle.
- Auerbach E. 1984, Figura, Scenes from the Drama of European Literature. University of Minnesota Press.
- Barthes R. 2013, Yazarın Ölümü, Dilin Çalışma Sesi. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
- Bergen D. L. 2003, War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Bilal A. 2023, Silenced Screams: the Genocide of Gaza and Global Apathy: Unveiling the Tragedy: a Chronicle of Gaza's Struggle and the World's Unheeding Ear. Independently Published.
- Blake W. 1938, Songs of Innocence and Experience. Chatto and Windus.
- Bordwell D. & Thompson K. 2013, Film Art: An Introduction (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Burke K. 1950, In a Rhetoric of Motives. University of California Press.
- Butler J. G. 2006, Television: Critical Methods and Applications. Psychology Press.
- Candır Z. & Çelik Y. 2019, “Gestalt Bakış Açısıyla Edebiyat Eleştirisi- Bir Uygulama”. Sabahattin Ali. DEÜ Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 6, Sayı:2, 426-447.
- Chandler D. 2007, Semiotics: The Basics. Routledge.
- Coleridge S. T. 1817, Biographia Literaria. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
- Copeland R. & Struck P. 2010, The Cambridge Companion to Allegory. Cambridge.
- De Man P. 1982, In Allegories of Reading. Yale University Press.
- Eliot T. S. 1920, The Sacred Wood. Methuen & Co.
- Eliot T. S. 1933, Tradition and the Individual Talent. The Sacred Wood.
- Erden Y. 2024, “An Anti-Transhumanist Reading of Stef Smith’s Girl in the Machine”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 34(1), 115-135.
- “Facts and figures: Women and girls during the war in Gaza”. (2024). In United Nations. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/unispal/document/facts-and-figures-women-and-girls-during-the-war-in-gaza-un-women/ 24.06.2025.
- Fredrickson G. M. 2002, Racism: A Short History. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
- Frye N. 1957, Anatomy of Criticism. Princeton University Press.
- Ginger S. 2007, Gestalt Therapy: The Art of Contact. Karnac.
- Hall M. P. 2009, The Secret Teachings of All Ages. A&D Books.
- Harmon W. 2012, A Handbook to Literature. Longman.
- Holocaust Encyclopedia 2024, Oskar Schindler. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/tr/article/oskar-schindler-abridged-article in 05.12.2024
- “Hopeless, Starving and Besieged”. (2024). In Human Rights Watch. retrieved from: https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/11/14/hopeless-starving-and-besieged/israels-forced-displacement-palestinians-gaza 24.06.2025.
- Ibrahim A. 2016, The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar’s Hidden Genocide. Hurst & Company.
- Iser W. 1978, The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response. The John Hopkins University Press.
- Koffka K. 2013, Principles of Gestalt Psychology. Routledge.
- Lewis C. S. 2013, The Allegory of Love: A Study in Medieval Tradition. Cambridge University Press.
- Nirenberg D. 2002, Medieval Concepts of the Past: Ritual, Memory, Historiography. Cambridge University Press.
- Porteus B. 1759, Death: A Poetical Essay. Cambridge.
- Postman N. 2005, Amusing Ourselves to Death. Penguin.
- Powe B. W. 2007, Mystic Trudeau: the Fire and the Rose. Thomas Allen Publishing.
- Prucha F. P. 2005, “Wounded Knee through the Lens of Colonialism” [Review of The Plains Sioux and U.S. Colonialism from Lewis and Clark to Wounded Knee, by J. Ostler]. Diplomatic History, 29(4), 725–728. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24915067
- Salam A. 1998, “A Silent Genocide”. The UNESCO Courier: A Window Open on the World. XLI, 5, 27-28.
- Smith P. 2000, 100 Best-Loved Poems. Dover Publication.
- Sontag S. 2003, Regarding the Pain of Others. Penguin Books.
- Steiman L. 1998, Paths to Genocide: Antisemitism in Western History. St. Martin Press.
- Symons A. 2014, The Symbolist Movement in Literature. Carcanet Press.
- Şalom Newspaper 2024, Geniş Açı: Behiç Erkin. Retrieved from: https://www.salom.com.tr/arsiv/haber/64962/genis-aci-%3E-behic-erkin in 02.12.2024
- The Holy Kuran (Khattab M.) 2015, Book Of Signs Foundation.
- The Talmud (Polano H.) 2021, Independently Published.
- Todorov T. 1982, Symbolism and Interpretation. Cornell University Press.
- Totten S. & Bartrop P. R. 2009, The Genocide Studies. Routledge.
- Weissman T. 2005, “The Spectacle of Trauma: 9/11 in the Museum”. Visual Resources, 21(2), 155–170.
- Wertheimer M. 1925, “Concerning Gestalt Theory”. Symposion, 1, 39–60.
- Yamamoto M. 2000, Nanking: Anatomy of an Atrocity. Praeger.
- Ziadah R. 2011, We Teach Life, Sir. Retrieved from: https://www.rafeefziadah.net/js_videos/teach-life-original/ in 01.12.2024
Öz
Rafeef Ziadah, a poet of Palestinian origin living in London, wrote the poem We teach life,sir as a response to a veiled accusation of hate directed at her by a journalist. In many ways, this poem is a visual and auditory manifesto of the suffering experienced in Palestine and especially Gaza. This study attempts to explore the symbolic meanings of the imagery elements that the poem displays in such a rich style, extending to allegorical subtextual fields. As a result of this attempt, the pieces that were redefined with the unity of imagery and symbolism were brought together like puzzle pieces, and an attempt was made to determine the Gestalt narrative of the poem. In the final analysis, Rafeef Ziadah’s symbolic imagery demonstrates that the pieces together express a larger narrative than their individual meaning and portrays a picture of how the massacre in Gaza has turned into a silent (silenced) genocide. The poet diagnoses the world's indifferent silence towards this situation as a 'trauma spectacle' which can be roughly defined as being content with witnessing the suffering.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Gestalt narrative Rafeef Ziadah Silenced genocide Trauma spectacle.
Kaynakça
- Abrams M. H. 1953, The mirror and the lamp. Oxford.
- Abrams M. H. 1999, A Glossary of Literary Terms. Heinle & Heinle.
- Auerbach E. 1984, Figura, Scenes from the Drama of European Literature. University of Minnesota Press.
- Barthes R. 2013, Yazarın Ölümü, Dilin Çalışma Sesi. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
- Bergen D. L. 2003, War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Bilal A. 2023, Silenced Screams: the Genocide of Gaza and Global Apathy: Unveiling the Tragedy: a Chronicle of Gaza's Struggle and the World's Unheeding Ear. Independently Published.
- Blake W. 1938, Songs of Innocence and Experience. Chatto and Windus.
- Bordwell D. & Thompson K. 2013, Film Art: An Introduction (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Burke K. 1950, In a Rhetoric of Motives. University of California Press.
- Butler J. G. 2006, Television: Critical Methods and Applications. Psychology Press.
- Candır Z. & Çelik Y. 2019, “Gestalt Bakış Açısıyla Edebiyat Eleştirisi- Bir Uygulama”. Sabahattin Ali. DEÜ Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 6, Sayı:2, 426-447.
- Chandler D. 2007, Semiotics: The Basics. Routledge.
- Coleridge S. T. 1817, Biographia Literaria. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
- Copeland R. & Struck P. 2010, The Cambridge Companion to Allegory. Cambridge.
- De Man P. 1982, In Allegories of Reading. Yale University Press.
- Eliot T. S. 1920, The Sacred Wood. Methuen & Co.
- Eliot T. S. 1933, Tradition and the Individual Talent. The Sacred Wood.
- Erden Y. 2024, “An Anti-Transhumanist Reading of Stef Smith’s Girl in the Machine”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 34(1), 115-135.
- “Facts and figures: Women and girls during the war in Gaza”. (2024). In United Nations. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/unispal/document/facts-and-figures-women-and-girls-during-the-war-in-gaza-un-women/ 24.06.2025.
- Fredrickson G. M. 2002, Racism: A Short History. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
- Frye N. 1957, Anatomy of Criticism. Princeton University Press.
- Ginger S. 2007, Gestalt Therapy: The Art of Contact. Karnac.
- Hall M. P. 2009, The Secret Teachings of All Ages. A&D Books.
- Harmon W. 2012, A Handbook to Literature. Longman.
- Holocaust Encyclopedia 2024, Oskar Schindler. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/tr/article/oskar-schindler-abridged-article in 05.12.2024
- “Hopeless, Starving and Besieged”. (2024). In Human Rights Watch. retrieved from: https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/11/14/hopeless-starving-and-besieged/israels-forced-displacement-palestinians-gaza 24.06.2025.
- Ibrahim A. 2016, The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar’s Hidden Genocide. Hurst & Company.
- Iser W. 1978, The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response. The John Hopkins University Press.
- Koffka K. 2013, Principles of Gestalt Psychology. Routledge.
- Lewis C. S. 2013, The Allegory of Love: A Study in Medieval Tradition. Cambridge University Press.
- Nirenberg D. 2002, Medieval Concepts of the Past: Ritual, Memory, Historiography. Cambridge University Press.
- Porteus B. 1759, Death: A Poetical Essay. Cambridge.
- Postman N. 2005, Amusing Ourselves to Death. Penguin.
- Powe B. W. 2007, Mystic Trudeau: the Fire and the Rose. Thomas Allen Publishing.
- Prucha F. P. 2005, “Wounded Knee through the Lens of Colonialism” [Review of The Plains Sioux and U.S. Colonialism from Lewis and Clark to Wounded Knee, by J. Ostler]. Diplomatic History, 29(4), 725–728. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24915067
- Salam A. 1998, “A Silent Genocide”. The UNESCO Courier: A Window Open on the World. XLI, 5, 27-28.
- Smith P. 2000, 100 Best-Loved Poems. Dover Publication.
- Sontag S. 2003, Regarding the Pain of Others. Penguin Books.
- Steiman L. 1998, Paths to Genocide: Antisemitism in Western History. St. Martin Press.
- Symons A. 2014, The Symbolist Movement in Literature. Carcanet Press.
- Şalom Newspaper 2024, Geniş Açı: Behiç Erkin. Retrieved from: https://www.salom.com.tr/arsiv/haber/64962/genis-aci-%3E-behic-erkin in 02.12.2024
- The Holy Kuran (Khattab M.) 2015, Book Of Signs Foundation.
- The Talmud (Polano H.) 2021, Independently Published.
- Todorov T. 1982, Symbolism and Interpretation. Cornell University Press.
- Totten S. & Bartrop P. R. 2009, The Genocide Studies. Routledge.
- Weissman T. 2005, “The Spectacle of Trauma: 9/11 in the Museum”. Visual Resources, 21(2), 155–170.
- Wertheimer M. 1925, “Concerning Gestalt Theory”. Symposion, 1, 39–60.
- Yamamoto M. 2000, Nanking: Anatomy of an Atrocity. Praeger.
- Ziadah R. 2011, We Teach Life, Sir. Retrieved from: https://www.rafeefziadah.net/js_videos/teach-life-original/ in 01.12.2024
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Mart 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 25 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 |
- Makale Dosyaları
| Adres: Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi 07058 Kampüs, Antalya / TÜRKİYE | E-Posta: mjh@akdeniz.edu.tr |