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Şefkat mi, Küçümseme mi? Yaşçı Dil (Elderspeak) Kavramının Türkçe Literatüre Kazandırılması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 279 - 292, 27.06.2025

Çağlar Özbek , Müesser Özcan , Elif Aylin Yüce Yörük , Sibel Arguvanlı Çoban , Ümmühani Özel Türkcü

Öz

Yaşlılık çalışmaları, özellikle son 30 yılda hızla artan bir önemde bilimin alanına girmiştir. Akademik dünyanın uzunca bir süredir hemhâl olduğu bu alan, son yıllarda sosyal bilimlerin de ilgisinin artmasıyla disiplinler arası bir hâle bürünmüştür. Yaşlı ayrımcılığı ise toplumsal alanda, özellikle COVID-19 pandemisi ve sonrasında oldukça görünür hâle gelmiştir. Geleneksel toplumlardan, sanayileşmiş/kentleşmiş modern toplumlara doğru evrilen sürecin yaş ayrımcılığını ortaya çıkardığı söylenebilir. Yaşlı ayrımcılığı sadece bireysel olarak değil kurumsal olarak da uygulanmaktadır. Sağlık hizmetlerini sağlayıcılar başta olmak üzere, yaşlı bireylerle iletişim hâlinde olan herkesin yaşlı ayrımcılığının aktörü olabileceği kabul edilmektedir. Bu derleme yaşlı ayrımcılığının farklı bir kategorisi olarak ortaya çıkan “yaşçı dil” (elderspeak) kavramını Türkçe literatüre kazandırmak, yeni çalışmalara öncü olmak, dil ve iletişim üzerinden oluşan yaşlı ayrımcılığına dikkat çekmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaşçı dil Yaşlı ayrımcılığı Yaşlılık İletişim

Kaynakça

  • Alden J. & Toth-Cohen S. 2014, “Impact of an Educational Module on Occupational Therapists’ Use of Elderspeak and Attitudes Toward Older Adults”. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 33 (1), 1-16. doi:10.3109/02703181.2014.975884.
  • Bakıner-Çekin A. & Çalışkan H. 2020, “Language and Culture”. Language Teaching and Educational Research, 3 (1), 163-175. doi:10.35207/later.724966.
  • Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A. & Tipton, S. M. 1985, Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life, University of California Press. Berkeley.
  • Cavallaro F., Seilhamer M. F., Chee F. Y. T. & Ng B. C. 2016, “Overaccommodation in a Singapore Eldercare Facility”. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 8 (37): 817-831. doi:10.1080/01434632.2016.1142553.
  • Chee F. Y. T. 2011, Elderspeak in Singapore: A Case Study. Bitirme Projesi Raporu, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang.
  • Cockrell M. D. 2020, “Provider–Patient Interaction: Exploring Elderspeak in Simulated Preclinical Chiropractic Student Encounters”. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 6, 1–6. doi:10.1177/2333721420923453.
  • Coleman C. K., Fanning K. & Williams K. N. 2015, “Comparing Person-Centered Communication Education in Long-Term Care Using Onsite and Online Formats”. J Gerontol Nurs, 41 (11), 22-8. doi:10.3928/00989134-20150515-88.
  • Coleman C. K., Hein M., Shaw C. A., Beachy T., Perkhounkova Y., Berkley A. & Williams K. N. 2022, “Developing and Testing Remote Implementation for the Changing Talk Online (CHATO) Communication Intervention for Nursing Home Staff: A Pilot Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial”. Innov Aging, 6 (6). doi:10.1093/geroni/igac026.
  • Cunningham J. & Williams K. N. 2007, “A Case Study of Resistiveness to Care and Elderspeak”. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 21 (1), 45–56. doi:10.1891/rtnpijv21i1a006.
  • Demir Dikmen R. 2023, “Yaş Ayrımcılığı: Etkiler ve Çözüm Önerileri”. Geriatrik Bilimler Dergisi, 6 (1), 32-39.
  • Fukaya Y., Koyama S., Kimura Y. & Kitamura T. 2009, “Education to Promote Verbal Communication by Caregivers in Geriatric Care Facilities”. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 6 (2), 91-103. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7924.2009.00128.x.
  • Fukaya Y., Suzuki K. & Shitita K. 2004, “Predictors and Correlates of the Frequency and the Length of Verbal Communications Between Nursing Staff and Elderly Residents in Geriatric Care Facilities”. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 1 (2), 107–115.
  • Gökçe Kutsal Y. 2011. “Yaşlanan Dünyanın Yaşlanan İnsanları”. https://www.geriatri.org.tr/SempozyumKitap2011/3.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 01.03.2025.
  • Gül Ünlü D. 2021, “Kişilerarası İletişimde Yaş Kalıpyargıları: Kuşaklararası İletişimde Yaşa Dayalı Kalıpyargıların Rolünü Anlamak”. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (2), 56-69.
  • Happ, M. A. 2022, “Meeting the Challenges in Communication Change Intervention Development and Testing”. Innovation in Aging, 6 (6), doi:10.1093/geroni/igac060.
  • Harwood, J., Giles, H. & Ota, H. 1996, “College Students' Trait Ratings of Three Age Groups Around the Pacific Rim”. J Cross-Cultural Gerontol, 11, 307–317. doi:10.1007/BF00115798.
  • Henry J. D., Coundouris S. P. & Nangle M. R. 2024, “Breaking the Links Between Ageism and Health: An Integrated Perspective”. Ageing Research Reviews, 95, 1-8.
  • Herman R. E. & Williams K. N. 2009, “Elderspeak’s Influence on Resistiveness to Care: Focus on Behavioral Events”. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 24 (5), 417-423.
  • Hummert M. L. & Ryan E.B. 1996, “Toward Understanding Variations in Patronizing Talk Addressed to Older Adults: Psycholinguistic Features of Care and Control”. International Journal of Psycholinguistics 12, 149–169.
  • Kemper S. 1994, “Elderspeak: Speech Accommodations to Older Adults”. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 1 (1), 17–28. doi:10.1080/09289919408251447.
  • Kılıç N. P. 2017, “Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Bireysel Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı”. Anadolu Üniversitesi İletişim Bilimleri Fakültesi Uluslararası Hakemli Dergisi, 25 (3), 53-77.
  • Kılıç N. P. 2018, “Kuşaklararası İletişim: Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yaşlılarla İletişim Biçimleri”. Journal of International Social Research, 11 (55), 849–860. doi:10.17719/jisr.20185537256.
  • Kim, H., Woods, D. L., Phillips, L. R., Ruiz, M. E., Salem, B., Jeffers-Skrine, K., & Salem, N. 2015, “Nursing Assistants’ Communication Styles in Korean American Older Adults with Dementia: A Review of the Literature”. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 26 (2), 185-192.
  • Lee M. & Lee J.Y. 2021, “An Investigation into Health Professionals’ Perception of the Appropriateness of Elderspeak in a Korean Hospital Setting”. Journal of Pragmatics, 172, 181–196.
  • Levy B. & Langer E. 1994, “Aging Free from Negative Stereotypes: Successful Memory in China Among the American Deaf”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66 (6), 989–997. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.6.989.
  • López A. & Garcia M. 2024, “The Role of Cultural Context in Second Language Acquisition: A Review of Recent Studies”. Journal of Language and Culture, 1 (2), 120-135.
  • Lowery M. A. 2013, Elderspeak: Helpful or Harmful? A Systematic Review of Speech to Elderly Adults. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Auburn. Alabama.
  • McLaughlin K. 2020, “Recognising Elderspeak and How to Avoid Its Use with Older People”. Mental Health Practise, 23 (3).
  • Noriega, C., Pérez-Rojo, G., Velasco, C., Carretero, M. I., López-Frutos, P., Galarraga, L. & López, J. 2023, “Prevention of Older Adult Infantilization by Nursing Home Professionals: An Intervention Program”. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 42 (7), 1620-1630. doi:10.1177/07334648231159981.
  • O’Connor B. P. & Rigby H. 1996, “Perceptions of Baby Talk, Frequency of Receiving Baby Talk, and Self-esteem Among Community and Nursing Home Residents”. Psychology and Aging, 11 (1), 147–154. doi:10.1037//0882-7974.11.1.147.
  • Ota H., Giles H. & Gallois C. 2002, “Perceptions of Younger, Middle-aged, and Older Adults in Australia and Japan: Stereotypes and Age Group Vitality”. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 23 (3), 253–266. doi:10.1080/07256860216390.
  • Özen S. & Özbek Ç. 2017, “Çalışma Yaşamında Yaşlılık: Yaşlı Çalışanlar ve İnsan Kaynakları Uygulamaları”. Çalışma ve Toplum, 2 (53), 51-76.
  • Park M. & Kim M. 1992, “Communication Practices in Korea”. Communication Quarterly, 40 (4), 398–404. doi:10.1080/01463379209369857.
  • Ryan E. B. 2010, “Overcoming Communication Predicaments in Later Life”. Ed. Hickson L. Hearing Care for Adults 2009: Proceedings of the Second International Adult Conference, 77-86.
  • Ryan, E. B., Giles, H., Bartolucci, G. & Henwood, K. 1986, “Psycholinguistic and Social Psychological Components of Communication by and with the Elderly”. Language and Communication, 6, 1-24.
  • Sachweh S. 1998, “Granny Darling’s Nappies: Secondary Babytalk in German Nursing Homes for the Aged”. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 26 (1), 52–65. doi:10.1080/00909889809365491.
  • Samuelsson C., Adolfsson E. & Persson H. 2013, “The Use and Characteristics of Elderspeak in Swedish Geriatric Institutions”. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 27 (8), 616-631. doi:10.3109/02699206.2013.773382.
  • Schroyen S., Adam S., Marquet M., Jerusalem G., Thiel S., Giraudet A. L. & Missotten P. 2018, “Communication of Healthcare Professionals: Is There Ageism?” Eur J Cancer Care, 27 (1). doi:10.1111/ecc.12780.
  • Schroyen S., Missotten, P., Jerusalem, G., Gilles, C., Adam, S. 2016, “Agesim and Caring Attitudes Among Nurses in Oncology”. International Psychogeriatrics, 28 (5): 749-757.
  • Shaw, C., Ward, C., Gordon, J., Williams, K., & Herr, K. 2022, “Characteristics of Elderspeak Communication in Hospital Dementia Care: Findings from The Nurse Talk Observational Study”. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 132. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104259.
  • Shenoy, R., Jodalli, P. S., Rao B., S., Shetty, A. S., Thomas, M., Shigli, K., Marchini, L. 2023, “Validation of Ageism Scale for Dental Students in India: A Cross Sectional Study”, F1000 Research, 12: 413. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.130685.1. Simpson J. 2022, “Elderspeak-Is It Helpful or Just Baby Talk?” https://merrill.ku.edu/news/article/2022/01/05/elderspeak-it-helpful-or-just-baby-talk. Erişim tarihi: 01.03.2025.
  • Spoelma T. M. & Marchiondo L.A. 2024, “A Shield Against Ageism: Self-affirmation Mitigates the Negative Effects of Workplace Age Discrimination on Well-being and Performance”. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45 (8), 1147–1169. doi:10.1002/JOB.2823.
  • Teply A., Schultz H. & Buchanan J. 2023, “An Examination of Gender Differences in the Perception of Elderspeak”. Innovation in Aging, 7 (1). doi:10.1093/geroni/igad104.2693.
  • Ting Y. 2023, “Cultural Influences on Language Development: Bridging the Gap in Bilingual Education”. Language Learning Review, 47 (3), 99-112.
  • WHO. 2024, Global Report on Ageism. https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/demographic-change-and-healthy-ageing/combatting-ageism/global-report-on-ageism. Erişim tarihi: 06.03.2025.
  • Williams K. N., Coleman C. K., Perkhounkova Y., Beachy T., Hein M., Shaw C. A. & Berkley A. 2020, “Moving Online: A Pilot Clinical Trial of the Changing Talk Online Communication Education for Nursing Home Staff”. The Gerontologist. doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa210.
  • Williams K. N., Herman R., Gajewski B. & Wilson K. 2009, “Elderspeak Communication: Impact on Dementia Care”. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 24 (1), 11-20. doi:10.1177/1533317508318472.
  • Williams K., Coleman C. K., Hein M., Shaw C., Perkhounkova Y. & Beachy T. 2023, “Promoting Elderspeak Awareness: Adapting Changing Talk Online Communication Education for Adult Day Services Staff”. Res Gerontol Nurs, 16 (2), 85-94. doi:10.3928/19404921-20230220-04.
  • Williams K., Kemper S. & Hummert M. L. 2003, “Improving Nursing Home Communication: An Intervention to Reduce Elderspeak”. Gerontologist, 43 (2), 242-7. doi:10.1093/geront/43.2.242.
  • Williams K., Kemper S. & Hummert M. L. 2004, “Enhancing Communication with Older Adults: Overcoming Elderspeak”. J Gerontol Nurs, 30 (10), 7-25. doi:10.3928/0098-9134-20041001-08.
  • Williams, K. N., Perkhounkova, Y., Herman, R., & Bossen, A. 2017, “A Communication Intervention to Reduce Resistiveness in Dementia Care: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial”. Gerontologist, 57 (4), 707–718. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw047.
  • Williams, K., Shaw, C., Lee, A., Kim, S., Dinneen, E., Turk, M., Jao, Y. L., & Liu, W. 2017, “Voicing Ageism in Nursing Home Dementia Care”. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43 (9), 16–20. doi:10.3928/00989134-20170523-02.
  • Zhang M., Zhao H. & Meng F. P. 2020, “Elderspeak to Resident Dementia Patients Increases Resistiveness to Care in Health Care Profession”. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, 57, 1-5. doi:10.1177/0046958020928565.

Compassion or Condescension? Introducing the Concept of Elderspeak into the Turkish Language Literature

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 279 - 292, 27.06.2025

Çağlar Özbek , Müesser Özcan , Elif Aylin Yüce Yörük , Sibel Arguvanlı Çoban , Ümmühani Özel Türkcü

Öz

The field of aging studies has garnered significant scholarly attention, particularly over the past three decades. While this domain has long been a focus of medical sciences, it has increasingly evolved into an interdisciplinary field with the growing engagement of social sciences. Ageism has become particularly visible in societal discourse, especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The transition from traditional societies to industrialized and urbanized modern societies has played a crucial role in the emergence of age discrimination. Ageism manifests not only at the individual level but also institutionally. It is widely acknowledged that individuals who interact with older adults, particularly healthcare providers, may inadvertently or systematically contribute to ageist practices. This review aims to introduce the concept of “yaşçı dil” (elderspeak) which has emerged as a different category of ageism, to the Turkish literature, to pioneer new studies, and to draw attention to ageism that occurs through language and communication.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elderspeak Ageism Old age Communication

Kaynakça

  • Alden J. & Toth-Cohen S. 2014, “Impact of an Educational Module on Occupational Therapists’ Use of Elderspeak and Attitudes Toward Older Adults”. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 33 (1), 1-16. doi:10.3109/02703181.2014.975884.
  • Bakıner-Çekin A. & Çalışkan H. 2020, “Language and Culture”. Language Teaching and Educational Research, 3 (1), 163-175. doi:10.35207/later.724966.
  • Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A. & Tipton, S. M. 1985, Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life, University of California Press. Berkeley.
  • Cavallaro F., Seilhamer M. F., Chee F. Y. T. & Ng B. C. 2016, “Overaccommodation in a Singapore Eldercare Facility”. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 8 (37): 817-831. doi:10.1080/01434632.2016.1142553.
  • Chee F. Y. T. 2011, Elderspeak in Singapore: A Case Study. Bitirme Projesi Raporu, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang.
  • Cockrell M. D. 2020, “Provider–Patient Interaction: Exploring Elderspeak in Simulated Preclinical Chiropractic Student Encounters”. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 6, 1–6. doi:10.1177/2333721420923453.
  • Coleman C. K., Fanning K. & Williams K. N. 2015, “Comparing Person-Centered Communication Education in Long-Term Care Using Onsite and Online Formats”. J Gerontol Nurs, 41 (11), 22-8. doi:10.3928/00989134-20150515-88.
  • Coleman C. K., Hein M., Shaw C. A., Beachy T., Perkhounkova Y., Berkley A. & Williams K. N. 2022, “Developing and Testing Remote Implementation for the Changing Talk Online (CHATO) Communication Intervention for Nursing Home Staff: A Pilot Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial”. Innov Aging, 6 (6). doi:10.1093/geroni/igac026.
  • Cunningham J. & Williams K. N. 2007, “A Case Study of Resistiveness to Care and Elderspeak”. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 21 (1), 45–56. doi:10.1891/rtnpijv21i1a006.
  • Demir Dikmen R. 2023, “Yaş Ayrımcılığı: Etkiler ve Çözüm Önerileri”. Geriatrik Bilimler Dergisi, 6 (1), 32-39.
  • Fukaya Y., Koyama S., Kimura Y. & Kitamura T. 2009, “Education to Promote Verbal Communication by Caregivers in Geriatric Care Facilities”. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 6 (2), 91-103. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7924.2009.00128.x.
  • Fukaya Y., Suzuki K. & Shitita K. 2004, “Predictors and Correlates of the Frequency and the Length of Verbal Communications Between Nursing Staff and Elderly Residents in Geriatric Care Facilities”. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 1 (2), 107–115.
  • Gökçe Kutsal Y. 2011. “Yaşlanan Dünyanın Yaşlanan İnsanları”. https://www.geriatri.org.tr/SempozyumKitap2011/3.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 01.03.2025.
  • Gül Ünlü D. 2021, “Kişilerarası İletişimde Yaş Kalıpyargıları: Kuşaklararası İletişimde Yaşa Dayalı Kalıpyargıların Rolünü Anlamak”. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (2), 56-69.
  • Happ, M. A. 2022, “Meeting the Challenges in Communication Change Intervention Development and Testing”. Innovation in Aging, 6 (6), doi:10.1093/geroni/igac060.
  • Harwood, J., Giles, H. & Ota, H. 1996, “College Students' Trait Ratings of Three Age Groups Around the Pacific Rim”. J Cross-Cultural Gerontol, 11, 307–317. doi:10.1007/BF00115798.
  • Henry J. D., Coundouris S. P. & Nangle M. R. 2024, “Breaking the Links Between Ageism and Health: An Integrated Perspective”. Ageing Research Reviews, 95, 1-8.
  • Herman R. E. & Williams K. N. 2009, “Elderspeak’s Influence on Resistiveness to Care: Focus on Behavioral Events”. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 24 (5), 417-423.
  • Hummert M. L. & Ryan E.B. 1996, “Toward Understanding Variations in Patronizing Talk Addressed to Older Adults: Psycholinguistic Features of Care and Control”. International Journal of Psycholinguistics 12, 149–169.
  • Kemper S. 1994, “Elderspeak: Speech Accommodations to Older Adults”. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 1 (1), 17–28. doi:10.1080/09289919408251447.
  • Kılıç N. P. 2017, “Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Bireysel Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı”. Anadolu Üniversitesi İletişim Bilimleri Fakültesi Uluslararası Hakemli Dergisi, 25 (3), 53-77.
  • Kılıç N. P. 2018, “Kuşaklararası İletişim: Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yaşlılarla İletişim Biçimleri”. Journal of International Social Research, 11 (55), 849–860. doi:10.17719/jisr.20185537256.
  • Kim, H., Woods, D. L., Phillips, L. R., Ruiz, M. E., Salem, B., Jeffers-Skrine, K., & Salem, N. 2015, “Nursing Assistants’ Communication Styles in Korean American Older Adults with Dementia: A Review of the Literature”. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 26 (2), 185-192.
  • Lee M. & Lee J.Y. 2021, “An Investigation into Health Professionals’ Perception of the Appropriateness of Elderspeak in a Korean Hospital Setting”. Journal of Pragmatics, 172, 181–196.
  • Levy B. & Langer E. 1994, “Aging Free from Negative Stereotypes: Successful Memory in China Among the American Deaf”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66 (6), 989–997. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.6.989.
  • López A. & Garcia M. 2024, “The Role of Cultural Context in Second Language Acquisition: A Review of Recent Studies”. Journal of Language and Culture, 1 (2), 120-135.
  • Lowery M. A. 2013, Elderspeak: Helpful or Harmful? A Systematic Review of Speech to Elderly Adults. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Auburn. Alabama.
  • McLaughlin K. 2020, “Recognising Elderspeak and How to Avoid Its Use with Older People”. Mental Health Practise, 23 (3).
  • Noriega, C., Pérez-Rojo, G., Velasco, C., Carretero, M. I., López-Frutos, P., Galarraga, L. & López, J. 2023, “Prevention of Older Adult Infantilization by Nursing Home Professionals: An Intervention Program”. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 42 (7), 1620-1630. doi:10.1177/07334648231159981.
  • O’Connor B. P. & Rigby H. 1996, “Perceptions of Baby Talk, Frequency of Receiving Baby Talk, and Self-esteem Among Community and Nursing Home Residents”. Psychology and Aging, 11 (1), 147–154. doi:10.1037//0882-7974.11.1.147.
  • Ota H., Giles H. & Gallois C. 2002, “Perceptions of Younger, Middle-aged, and Older Adults in Australia and Japan: Stereotypes and Age Group Vitality”. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 23 (3), 253–266. doi:10.1080/07256860216390.
  • Özen S. & Özbek Ç. 2017, “Çalışma Yaşamında Yaşlılık: Yaşlı Çalışanlar ve İnsan Kaynakları Uygulamaları”. Çalışma ve Toplum, 2 (53), 51-76.
  • Park M. & Kim M. 1992, “Communication Practices in Korea”. Communication Quarterly, 40 (4), 398–404. doi:10.1080/01463379209369857.
  • Ryan E. B. 2010, “Overcoming Communication Predicaments in Later Life”. Ed. Hickson L. Hearing Care for Adults 2009: Proceedings of the Second International Adult Conference, 77-86.
  • Ryan, E. B., Giles, H., Bartolucci, G. & Henwood, K. 1986, “Psycholinguistic and Social Psychological Components of Communication by and with the Elderly”. Language and Communication, 6, 1-24.
  • Sachweh S. 1998, “Granny Darling’s Nappies: Secondary Babytalk in German Nursing Homes for the Aged”. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 26 (1), 52–65. doi:10.1080/00909889809365491.
  • Samuelsson C., Adolfsson E. & Persson H. 2013, “The Use and Characteristics of Elderspeak in Swedish Geriatric Institutions”. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 27 (8), 616-631. doi:10.3109/02699206.2013.773382.
  • Schroyen S., Adam S., Marquet M., Jerusalem G., Thiel S., Giraudet A. L. & Missotten P. 2018, “Communication of Healthcare Professionals: Is There Ageism?” Eur J Cancer Care, 27 (1). doi:10.1111/ecc.12780.
  • Schroyen S., Missotten, P., Jerusalem, G., Gilles, C., Adam, S. 2016, “Agesim and Caring Attitudes Among Nurses in Oncology”. International Psychogeriatrics, 28 (5): 749-757.
  • Shaw, C., Ward, C., Gordon, J., Williams, K., & Herr, K. 2022, “Characteristics of Elderspeak Communication in Hospital Dementia Care: Findings from The Nurse Talk Observational Study”. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 132. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104259.
  • Shenoy, R., Jodalli, P. S., Rao B., S., Shetty, A. S., Thomas, M., Shigli, K., Marchini, L. 2023, “Validation of Ageism Scale for Dental Students in India: A Cross Sectional Study”, F1000 Research, 12: 413. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.130685.1. Simpson J. 2022, “Elderspeak-Is It Helpful or Just Baby Talk?” https://merrill.ku.edu/news/article/2022/01/05/elderspeak-it-helpful-or-just-baby-talk. Erişim tarihi: 01.03.2025.
  • Spoelma T. M. & Marchiondo L.A. 2024, “A Shield Against Ageism: Self-affirmation Mitigates the Negative Effects of Workplace Age Discrimination on Well-being and Performance”. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45 (8), 1147–1169. doi:10.1002/JOB.2823.
  • Teply A., Schultz H. & Buchanan J. 2023, “An Examination of Gender Differences in the Perception of Elderspeak”. Innovation in Aging, 7 (1). doi:10.1093/geroni/igad104.2693.
  • Ting Y. 2023, “Cultural Influences on Language Development: Bridging the Gap in Bilingual Education”. Language Learning Review, 47 (3), 99-112.
  • WHO. 2024, Global Report on Ageism. https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/demographic-change-and-healthy-ageing/combatting-ageism/global-report-on-ageism. Erişim tarihi: 06.03.2025.
  • Williams K. N., Coleman C. K., Perkhounkova Y., Beachy T., Hein M., Shaw C. A. & Berkley A. 2020, “Moving Online: A Pilot Clinical Trial of the Changing Talk Online Communication Education for Nursing Home Staff”. The Gerontologist. doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa210.
  • Williams K. N., Herman R., Gajewski B. & Wilson K. 2009, “Elderspeak Communication: Impact on Dementia Care”. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 24 (1), 11-20. doi:10.1177/1533317508318472.
  • Williams K., Coleman C. K., Hein M., Shaw C., Perkhounkova Y. & Beachy T. 2023, “Promoting Elderspeak Awareness: Adapting Changing Talk Online Communication Education for Adult Day Services Staff”. Res Gerontol Nurs, 16 (2), 85-94. doi:10.3928/19404921-20230220-04.
  • Williams K., Kemper S. & Hummert M. L. 2003, “Improving Nursing Home Communication: An Intervention to Reduce Elderspeak”. Gerontologist, 43 (2), 242-7. doi:10.1093/geront/43.2.242.
  • Williams K., Kemper S. & Hummert M. L. 2004, “Enhancing Communication with Older Adults: Overcoming Elderspeak”. J Gerontol Nurs, 30 (10), 7-25. doi:10.3928/0098-9134-20041001-08.
  • Williams, K. N., Perkhounkova, Y., Herman, R., & Bossen, A. 2017, “A Communication Intervention to Reduce Resistiveness in Dementia Care: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial”. Gerontologist, 57 (4), 707–718. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw047.
  • Williams, K., Shaw, C., Lee, A., Kim, S., Dinneen, E., Turk, M., Jao, Y. L., & Liu, W. 2017, “Voicing Ageism in Nursing Home Dementia Care”. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43 (9), 16–20. doi:10.3928/00989134-20170523-02.
  • Zhang M., Zhao H. & Meng F. P. 2020, “Elderspeak to Resident Dementia Patients Increases Resistiveness to Care in Health Care Profession”. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, 57, 1-5. doi:10.1177/0046958020928565.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eşitsizlik Sosyolojisi, Sağlık Sosyolojisi, Yaşlılık Sosyolojisi, Yaşam Kalitesi Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Çağlar Özbek 0000-0003-2136-2505

Müesser Özcan 0000-0002-2401-7101

Elif Aylin Yüce Yörük 0000-0001-9970-9455

Sibel Arguvanlı Çoban 0000-0002-8844-4153

Ümmühani Özel Türkcü 0000-0003-2244-7965

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özbek, Ç., Özcan, M., Yüce Yörük, E. A., Arguvanlı Çoban, S., vd. (2025). Şefkat mi, Küçümseme mi? Yaşçı Dil (Elderspeak) Kavramının Türkçe Literatüre Kazandırılması. Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1), 279-292. https://doi.org/10.13114/mjh.1656974
 Kapak Resmi İndir
Adres:
Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi
07058 Kampüs, Antalya / TÜRKİYE		E-Posta:
mjh@akdeniz.edu.tr