Türkiye’nin şeftali ve nektarin ihracatı: Normalleştirilmiş açıklanmış karşılaştırılmalı üstünlük (NRCA) endeksleri ile ampirik bir analiz
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin şeftali ve nektarin ihracatındaki rekabet gücünü normalleştirilmiş açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlük (NRCA) endeksleri (çapraz ürün grubu, çapraz ülke ve dönemsel karşılaştırmalar) ile analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla, 2001-2023 dönemine ait Türkiye, İspanya, ABD, Şili, İtalya ve Yunanistan’ın HS-6 Kodlu şeftali ve nektarin, kayısı, kiraz, vişne ve erik dış ticareti verileri üzerinden hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya göre, Türkiye’nin şeftali ve nektarindeki karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğü 2016 yılından sonra önemli derecede artmıştır. Çapraz ürün grubu karşılaştırmasına göre, Türkiye’nin şeftali ve nektarinde diğer sert çekirdekli yaş mevye (kayısı, vişne ve erik) ihracatına karşı rekabet üstünlüğüne sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın, özellikle son yıllarda kiraza göre Türkiye’nin şeftali ve nektarin ihracatında karşılaştırmalı dezavantaja sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çapraz ülke karşılaştırması açısından; Türkiye’nin, şeftali ve nektarin ihraç eden diğer başlıca ülkeler (İtalya, Şili, ABD ve Yunanistan) karşısında karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Buna karşın, dünyanın en çok şeftali ve nektarin ihracatı yapan İspanya’ya göre karşılaştırmalı dezavantaja sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Dönemsel karşılaştırma sonuçları açısından Türkiye analiz dönemi boyunca önceki yıllara göre rekabet gücünü arttırmıştır. Rekabet gücünün korunması ve daha istikrarlı hale getirilebilmesi için başta Kanada, Meksika, İsviçre, Birleşik Krallık, Belçika, Almanya ve Suudi Arabistan olmak üzere farklı pazarlara daha fazla ihracat yapılması gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Şeftali ve nektarin ihracat rekabet gücü Normalleştirilmiş açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlükler (NRCA)
Etik Beyan
Bu makalede, insan veya hayvan deneklerle herhangi bir çalışma bulunmaması nedeniyle etik onaya gerek duyulmamaktadır.
Kaynakça
- Aboud, A., & Şahinli, M.A. (2021). Analysis of the competitiveness of Turkey’s agricultural sector and the consistency amongst alternative measures. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 21 (3), 15-28.
- Bayav, A., & Çetinbaş, M. (2021). Peach production and foreign trade of Turkey: current situation, forecasting and analysis of competitiveness. ANADOLU Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 31 (2), 212-225. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1033597
- Berk, A., Bal, T., & Uçum, İ. (2016). Turkey’s competitive situation in foreign trade of fresh fruits and vegetables. XII. National Agricultural Economics Congress, May 25-27, Isparta, Turkey. pp. 1321-1328.
- Birinci, A., & Er, K. (2006). A study on economic comparision and marketing of organic and conventional peach production in Karacabey town of Bursa province. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics, 12 (1), 19-30.
- Bucur, A., Butcaru, A.C., Mihai, C.A., & Stănică, F. (2023). Peach and nectarine fruit characterization for several new cultivars grown in the Bucharest area. Scientific Papers. Series B. Horticulture, 67 (2), 25-32.
- ComTradePlus. (2025). Trade Data (exports). Retrieved from https://comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow?Frequency=A&Flows=X&CommodityCodes=080930&Partners=0&Reporters=all&period=all&AggregateBy=none&BreakdownMode=plus by January 19, 2025.
- Çelik, Z., Saçtı, H., & Adanacıoğlu, H. (2019). Trends in foreign trade of cherry and Turkey’s comparative advantage. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29, 41-53. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.474794
- Demir, G., Aydın, Ü., & Utkulu, U. (2024). Measuring the competitiveness of Türkiye’s industries against the European Union according to the technology iıntensity: an evaluation within the framework of the Customs Union revision. Ege Academic Review, 24 (2), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.1380681
- Demir, M.A. (2020). The effect of Turkey’s comparative advantage in pharmaceutical industry on the export of the sector: Time series analysis. Bingöl University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 10 (20), 509-530. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.737635
- Demir, M.A. (2022). Competitiveness of hazelnut in Turkey for the period 2016-2021: Analysis with three variations of normalized revealed comparative advantage. Research of Financial Economic and Social Studies, 7 (4), 907-914. https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.1178221
- Duru, S., Hayran, S., & Gül, A. (2022). Production of stone fruit in Turkey and evaluation of competitiveness power on export. Bahce, 51 (1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1019023
- Engindeniz, S., & Çukur, F. (2003). A research on technical and economic analysis of peach production in Kemalpaşa, İzmir. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 40 (2), 65-72.
- FAOSTAT. (2024a). Countries by commodity (production). Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/countries_by_commodity by July 10, 2024.
- FAOSTAT. (2024b). Countries by commodity (exports). Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/countries_by_commodity_exports by August 03, 2024.
- Geçer, M.K. (2020). Biochemical content in fruits of peach and nectarine cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 44 (5), 500-505.
- Gündoğdu, M.A. (2024). Chemical composition of fruit and its importance for human health. Ş. Murat, G. Engin and Pakyürek M. (Eds.), Peach nectarine cultivation. Iksad Publications, Ankara. pp. 3-16. https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214066
- Hasan, M.R., Swazan, I.S., & Das, D. (2024). Beyond the seams: evaluating competitiveness and comparative advantage in Vietnam’s apparel industry. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 17 (1), 4-28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCEFTS-10-2023-0050
- Kuden, A.B., Comlekcioglu, S., Sarier, K., Imrak, B. & Kuden, A. (2018). Peach breeding studies in Turkey and the evaluation of peach and nectarine hybrids. In: Soneji J. (Eds.), Breeding and Health Benefits of Fruit and Nut Crops. IntechOpen Limited, London, pp. 315-454.
- Manganaris, G.A., Minas, I., Cirilli, M., Torres, R., Bassi, D., & Costa, G. (2022). Peach for the future: A specialty crop revisited. Scientia Horticulturae, 305, 111390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111390
- Mete, E., & Akbulut Yıldız, G. (2019). Normalized revealed comparative advantages index: an application on chosen sectors of Turkey. I. International Conference on Empirical Economics and Social Sciences (ICEESS’ 19), June 20-21-22, 2019, Bandirma, Turkey. pp. 531-540.
- Minas, I.S., Tanou, G., & Molassiotis, A. (2018). Environmental and orchard bases of peach fruit quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 235, 307-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.028
- Okan, N., & Engindeniz, S. (2016). A research on valuation of peach orchards by the income capitalization approach in Selçuk district of Izmir. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 53 (2), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.388861
- Özdemir, M.B., & Kösekahyaoğlu, L. (2019). Analysis of Turkey’s comparative export performance and competitiveness in orange, satsuma, lemon and fresh apricot. ASSAM International Refereed Journal, 6 (14), 84-105.
- Pakyürek, M., & Yazıcı, K. (2024). Morphological and botanical features of peach nectarine. Ş. Murat, G. Engin and Pakyürek M. (Eds.), Peach nectarine cultivation. Iksad Publications, Ankara. pp. 17-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214207
- Saki, Z., Moore, M., Kandilov, I., Rothenberg, L., & Godfrey, A.B. (2019). Revealed comparative advantage for US textiles and apparel. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 29 (4), 462-478. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-03-2018-0025
- Serra, S., Anthony, B., Masia, A., Giovannini, D., & Musacchi, S. (2020). Determination of biochemical composition in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) accessions characterized by different flesh color and textural typologies. Foods, 9 (10), 1452. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101452
- Süygün, M.S. (2021). Turkey’s international competitiveness in fresh and dried apricot products. Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 10 (20), 72-80.
- Şeker, M., Kaçan, A., Gür, E., Ekinci, N., & Gündoğdu, M.A. (2013). Investigation of aromatic compounds of peach and nectarine varieties grown in Canakkale ecological conditions. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6 (1), 62-67.
- Trade Map. (2024). Trade statistics for international business development. Retrieved from https://www.trademap.org/ by August July 15, 2024.
- Vural, H., & Çakan, V.A. (2021). Economic analysis and marketing margins of the peach market in Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 24 (2), 379-387. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.746725
- Yu, R., Cai, J., & Leung, P. (2009). The normalized revealed comparative advantage index. The Annals of Regional Science, 43, 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-008-0213-3
Türkiye’s peach and nectarine exports: An empirical analysis with normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) indexes
Öz
The objective of this study was to examine the competitiveness of Türkiye in peach and nectarine exports through the use of normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) indexes, encompassing cross-product group, cross-country, and cross-period comparisons. For this purpose, calculations were made based on HS-6 coded peach and nectarine, apricot, cherry, sour cherry and plum foreign trade data of Türkiye, Spain, the USA, Chile, Italy and Greece for 2001-2023. The study indicates that Türkiye's comparative advantage in peaches and nectarines increased significantly after 2016. The cross-product group comparison indicates that Türkiye has a competitive advantage in peaches and nectarines relative to other stone fruit exports, including apricots, cherries, and plums. However, especially in recent years, Türkiye has been at a comparative disadvantage in peach and nectarine exports relative to cherries. Regarding cross-country comparison, Türkiye has a comparative advantage over other major peach and nectarine exporters (Italy, Chile, USA and Greece). On the other hand, Türkiye has a comparative disadvantage compared to Spain, the world's largest exporter of peaches and nectarines. In terms of periodic comparison results, Türkiye has increased its competitiveness during the analysis period compared to previous years. To maintain and stabilize competitiveness, more exports are needed to different markets, particularly Canada, Mexico, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany and Saudi Arabia.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Peach and nectarine export competitiveness Normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA)
Etik Beyan
Ethical approval is not applicable, because this article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.
Kaynakça
- Aboud, A., & Şahinli, M.A. (2021). Analysis of the competitiveness of Turkey’s agricultural sector and the consistency amongst alternative measures. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 21 (3), 15-28.
- Bayav, A., & Çetinbaş, M. (2021). Peach production and foreign trade of Turkey: current situation, forecasting and analysis of competitiveness. ANADOLU Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 31 (2), 212-225. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1033597
- Berk, A., Bal, T., & Uçum, İ. (2016). Turkey’s competitive situation in foreign trade of fresh fruits and vegetables. XII. National Agricultural Economics Congress, May 25-27, Isparta, Turkey. pp. 1321-1328.
- Birinci, A., & Er, K. (2006). A study on economic comparision and marketing of organic and conventional peach production in Karacabey town of Bursa province. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics, 12 (1), 19-30.
- Bucur, A., Butcaru, A.C., Mihai, C.A., & Stănică, F. (2023). Peach and nectarine fruit characterization for several new cultivars grown in the Bucharest area. Scientific Papers. Series B. Horticulture, 67 (2), 25-32.
- ComTradePlus. (2025). Trade Data (exports). Retrieved from https://comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow?Frequency=A&Flows=X&CommodityCodes=080930&Partners=0&Reporters=all&period=all&AggregateBy=none&BreakdownMode=plus by January 19, 2025.
- Çelik, Z., Saçtı, H., & Adanacıoğlu, H. (2019). Trends in foreign trade of cherry and Turkey’s comparative advantage. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29, 41-53. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.474794
- Demir, G., Aydın, Ü., & Utkulu, U. (2024). Measuring the competitiveness of Türkiye’s industries against the European Union according to the technology iıntensity: an evaluation within the framework of the Customs Union revision. Ege Academic Review, 24 (2), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.1380681
- Demir, M.A. (2020). The effect of Turkey’s comparative advantage in pharmaceutical industry on the export of the sector: Time series analysis. Bingöl University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 10 (20), 509-530. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.737635
- Demir, M.A. (2022). Competitiveness of hazelnut in Turkey for the period 2016-2021: Analysis with three variations of normalized revealed comparative advantage. Research of Financial Economic and Social Studies, 7 (4), 907-914. https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.1178221
- Duru, S., Hayran, S., & Gül, A. (2022). Production of stone fruit in Turkey and evaluation of competitiveness power on export. Bahce, 51 (1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1019023
- Engindeniz, S., & Çukur, F. (2003). A research on technical and economic analysis of peach production in Kemalpaşa, İzmir. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 40 (2), 65-72.
- FAOSTAT. (2024a). Countries by commodity (production). Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/countries_by_commodity by July 10, 2024.
- FAOSTAT. (2024b). Countries by commodity (exports). Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/countries_by_commodity_exports by August 03, 2024.
- Geçer, M.K. (2020). Biochemical content in fruits of peach and nectarine cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 44 (5), 500-505.
- Gündoğdu, M.A. (2024). Chemical composition of fruit and its importance for human health. Ş. Murat, G. Engin and Pakyürek M. (Eds.), Peach nectarine cultivation. Iksad Publications, Ankara. pp. 3-16. https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214066
- Hasan, M.R., Swazan, I.S., & Das, D. (2024). Beyond the seams: evaluating competitiveness and comparative advantage in Vietnam’s apparel industry. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 17 (1), 4-28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCEFTS-10-2023-0050
- Kuden, A.B., Comlekcioglu, S., Sarier, K., Imrak, B. & Kuden, A. (2018). Peach breeding studies in Turkey and the evaluation of peach and nectarine hybrids. In: Soneji J. (Eds.), Breeding and Health Benefits of Fruit and Nut Crops. IntechOpen Limited, London, pp. 315-454.
- Manganaris, G.A., Minas, I., Cirilli, M., Torres, R., Bassi, D., & Costa, G. (2022). Peach for the future: A specialty crop revisited. Scientia Horticulturae, 305, 111390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111390
- Mete, E., & Akbulut Yıldız, G. (2019). Normalized revealed comparative advantages index: an application on chosen sectors of Turkey. I. International Conference on Empirical Economics and Social Sciences (ICEESS’ 19), June 20-21-22, 2019, Bandirma, Turkey. pp. 531-540.
- Minas, I.S., Tanou, G., & Molassiotis, A. (2018). Environmental and orchard bases of peach fruit quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 235, 307-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.028
- Okan, N., & Engindeniz, S. (2016). A research on valuation of peach orchards by the income capitalization approach in Selçuk district of Izmir. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 53 (2), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.388861
- Özdemir, M.B., & Kösekahyaoğlu, L. (2019). Analysis of Turkey’s comparative export performance and competitiveness in orange, satsuma, lemon and fresh apricot. ASSAM International Refereed Journal, 6 (14), 84-105.
- Pakyürek, M., & Yazıcı, K. (2024). Morphological and botanical features of peach nectarine. Ş. Murat, G. Engin and Pakyürek M. (Eds.), Peach nectarine cultivation. Iksad Publications, Ankara. pp. 17-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214207
- Saki, Z., Moore, M., Kandilov, I., Rothenberg, L., & Godfrey, A.B. (2019). Revealed comparative advantage for US textiles and apparel. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 29 (4), 462-478. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-03-2018-0025
- Serra, S., Anthony, B., Masia, A., Giovannini, D., & Musacchi, S. (2020). Determination of biochemical composition in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) accessions characterized by different flesh color and textural typologies. Foods, 9 (10), 1452. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101452
- Süygün, M.S. (2021). Turkey’s international competitiveness in fresh and dried apricot products. Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 10 (20), 72-80.
- Şeker, M., Kaçan, A., Gür, E., Ekinci, N., & Gündoğdu, M.A. (2013). Investigation of aromatic compounds of peach and nectarine varieties grown in Canakkale ecological conditions. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6 (1), 62-67.
- Trade Map. (2024). Trade statistics for international business development. Retrieved from https://www.trademap.org/ by August July 15, 2024.
- Vural, H., & Çakan, V.A. (2021). Economic analysis and marketing margins of the peach market in Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 24 (2), 379-387. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.746725
- Yu, R., Cai, J., & Leung, P. (2009). The normalized revealed comparative advantage index. The Annals of Regional Science, 43, 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-008-0213-3
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Tarım Ekonomisi (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 15 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 2 Ekim 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 21 Ocak 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1 |
