Öz
Osmanlı arkeolojisi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılarak bıraktığı zengin arkeolojik mirası ele alan ve tarihsel arkeolojinin bir alt dalı olarak giderek önem kazanan bir araştırma alanıdır. Uzun yıllar boyunca Türkiye’de ulus-devlet ideolojisinin etkisiyle ihmal edilen Osmanlı arkeolojisi, ilk olarak Orta Doğu ve Yunanistan’daki tarihsel arkeologların çalışmalarıyla akademik tartışmalara dâhil edilmiştir. Türkiye’de ise başlangıçta sanat tarihçilerinin öncülük ettiği araştırmalar, arkeologların kazı çalışmalarına katılmasıyla arkeolojik derinlik kazanmış, Osmanlı tarihine yönelik çalışmalara yazılı belgelerin ötesinde maddi kültür verilerini de ekleyerek yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı arkeolojisinin gelişim sürecini, metodolojik yeniliklerini ve disiplinler arası yaklaşımlar ile bilimsel değerini artırma sürecini incelemektir. Araştırma kapsamında, tarihsel arkeoloji ve Osmanlı arkeolojisi kavramları tanımlanmış; her iki alanın teorik çerçeveleri ve yöntemleri karşılaştırılarak bu alanların kapsadığı ana konular ve özgün yöntemler açıklanmıştır. Osmanlı arkeolojisinin tarihsel arkeolojiye katkıları, Orta Doğu ve Yunanistan’dan örnekler sunularak ele alınmış, bu alandaki temel araştırmalar ve bu araştırmalara katkı sağlayan bilim insanları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Osmanlı arkeolojisinin kuramsal bağlamı ve tarihsel arkeoloji içindeki önemi vurgulanarak, bu disiplinin uluslararası alanda daha geniş bir yere sahip olması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Osmanlı Arkeolojisi ile Tarihsel Arkeoloji arasındaki kuramsal ve metodolojik ilişkileri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma hem nitel hem de karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemlerine dayanmakta; arkeolojik veriler, yazılı belgeler ve ikincil literatürden elde edilen bilgiler ışığında yürütülmektedir. Çalışmada, Osmanlı dönemine ait arkeolojik buluntular, mimari yapılar ve kent dokuları üzerine yapılan güncel araştırmaların yanı sıra, tarihsel arkeolojinin teorik altyapısına dair temel kaynaklardan da yararlanılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Osmanlı Arkeolojisi Tarihsel Arkeoloji Arkeoloji Metodoloji.
Kaynakça
- Anders, Andrén, Between Artifacts and Text: Historical Archaeology in Global Perspective, Plenum Press, New York 1998.
- Ara, Altun, Oktay ve Aslanapa, Şerare Yetkin, İznik Çini Fırınları Kazısı II. Dönem 1981-1988, İstanbul Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Yayınları, İstanbul 1989.
- Baram, Uzi, Material Culture, Commodities, and Consumption in Palestine, 1500-1900, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts 1996.
- Baram, Uzi ve Carroll, Lynda, “The Future of the Ottoman Past,” A Historical Archaeology of the Ottoman Empire: Breaking New Ground, ed. Uzi Baram-Lynda Carroll, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York 2000, s. 3-36.
- Baram, Uzi, “Above and Beyond Ancient Mounds: the Archaeology of the Modern Periods in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean,” International Handbook of Historical Archaeology, II, (New York 2009), s. 147-177.
- Baram, Uzi, “Entangled Objects from the Palestinian Past: Archaeological Perspectives for the Ottoman Period, 1500-1900”, The Future of the Ottoman Past A Historical Archaeology of the Ottoman Empire: Breaking New Ground, ed. Uzi Baram-Lynda Carroll, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York 2002, s. 112-147.
- Bintliff, John L., “Considerations for Creating an Ottoman Archaeology in Greece”, Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece, ed. Siriol Davies-Jack L. Davis, The American School of Classical Studies, Atina 2007, s. 221-236.
- Brooks, Alasdair ve Young, Ruth “Historical Archaeology and Heritage in the Middle East: A Preliminary Overview.” Historical Archaeology, IV, (2016), s. 22-35.
- Çağlar, Filiz Tütüncü, “Osmanlı Arkeolojisinin Tarihi: Arkeologların Kazmadığı Topraklar,” Cihannüma Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi, III/1, (2017), s. 109-122.
- DeCorse, Christopher R., “Historical Archaeology Methods Means and Ambiguities,” Current Perspectives in the Archaeology of Ghana, Social Sciences Series, VI, (2014), s. 139-163.
- Deagan, Kathleen A., “Environmental Archaeology and Historical Archaeology”, Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology, ed.E. J., Scudder -S. J., Scarry, Springer Publish, New York 2008, s. 21-38.
- Deetz, James, In Small Things Forgotten: An Archaeology of Early American Life, Anchor Books, New York 1996.
- Dikkaya, Fahri, The Historical Archaeology of the Early Ottomans: a New Perspective on Arguments about the Foundation of the Ottoman Empire, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ankara 2015.
- Er, Ercan Semih, Türkiye’de Osmanlı Arkeolojisinin Gelişimi, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Hitit Üniversitesi, Çorum 2019.
- Fish, Carl Russel, “Relation of Archaeology and History”, Historical Archaeology: a Guide to Substantive and Theoretical Contributions, ed. Robert L. Schuyler, Routledge Press, New York 2019, s. 71-83.
- Frieman, Catherine J., Archaeology as History: Telling Stories from a Fragmented Past, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2023.
- Galloway, K. Patricia, “Material Culture and Text: Exploring the Spaces Within and Between”, Historical Archaeology, ed. Uzi Baram-Lynda Carroll, Blackwell Publishing, Maiden 2006, s. 42-64.
- Galloway, Patricia, Practicing Ethnohistory: Mining Archives, Hearing Testimony, Constructing Narrative, University of Nebraska Press, New York 2006.
- Hall, Martin, “Historical Archaeology”, International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, ed. N. J. Smelser-P. B. Baltes, Elsevier Publisher, Amsterdam 2001, s. 6718-6720.
- Hall, Martin-Silliman, Stephen W., “Introduction: Archaeology of the Modern World”, Historical Archaeology, ed. Martin Hall-Stephen W. Silliman, Blackwell Publishing, Maiden 2006, s. 1-19.
- Henson, Amy, “Theory and Historical Archaeology,” Lambda Alpha Journal, 40, (2010), s. 65-70.
- Hicks, Dan-Beaudry, Mary C., The Cambridge Companion to Historical Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2006.
- Hosmer, Charles B., Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949, University Press of Virginia, Columbia 1981.
- Huey, Paul R., “The Beginnings of Modern Historical Archaeology in the Northeast and the Origins of the Conference on Northeast Historical Archaeology”, Northeast Historical Archaeology, XV/2, (1986), s. 2-9.
Öz
Ottoman archaeology is an increasingly important field of research as a sub-branch of historical archaeology that deals with the rich archaeological heritage left by the Ottoman Empire across a wide geography. Ottoman archaeology, which was neglected in Türkiye for many years due to the ideology of the nation-state, was first included in academic discussions with the works of historical archaeologists in the Middle East and Greece. In Türkiye, the studies pioneered by art historians initially gained archaeological depth with the involvement of archaeologists in excavations and added a new dimension to the study of Ottoman history by incorporating material culture data beyond written documents. The aim of this study is to examine the development of Ottoman archaeology, its methodological innovations, and the enhancement of its scientific value through interdisciplinary approaches. Within the scope of the research, historical archaeology and Ottoman archaeology are defined; the theoretical frameworks and methods of both fields are compared and the main topics and unique methods covered by these fields are explained. The contributions of Ottoman archaeology to historical archaeology are discussed by presenting examples from the Middle East and Greece, along with an overview of key research and prominent scholars who have contributed to this field is provided. By emphasizing the theoretical context of Ottoman archaeology and its importance within historical archaeology, it is concluded that this discipline deserves greater international recognition. This study aims to examine the theoretical and methodological relationships between Ottoman Archaeology and Historical Archaeology. The research is based on qualitative and comparative analysis methods, utilizing archaeological data, written sources, and insights from secondary literature. The study draws on recent research concerning archaeological findings, architectural structures, and urban fabrics from the Ottoman period, as well as key sources related to the theoretical foundations of historical archaeology.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ottoman Archaeology Historical Archaeology Archaeology Methodology.
Kaynakça
- Anders, Andrén, Between Artifacts and Text: Historical Archaeology in Global Perspective, Plenum Press, New York 1998.
- Ara, Altun, Oktay ve Aslanapa, Şerare Yetkin, İznik Çini Fırınları Kazısı II. Dönem 1981-1988, İstanbul Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Yayınları, İstanbul 1989.
- Baram, Uzi, Material Culture, Commodities, and Consumption in Palestine, 1500-1900, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts 1996.
- Baram, Uzi ve Carroll, Lynda, “The Future of the Ottoman Past,” A Historical Archaeology of the Ottoman Empire: Breaking New Ground, ed. Uzi Baram-Lynda Carroll, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York 2000, s. 3-36.
- Baram, Uzi, “Above and Beyond Ancient Mounds: the Archaeology of the Modern Periods in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean,” International Handbook of Historical Archaeology, II, (New York 2009), s. 147-177.
- Baram, Uzi, “Entangled Objects from the Palestinian Past: Archaeological Perspectives for the Ottoman Period, 1500-1900”, The Future of the Ottoman Past A Historical Archaeology of the Ottoman Empire: Breaking New Ground, ed. Uzi Baram-Lynda Carroll, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York 2002, s. 112-147.
- Bintliff, John L., “Considerations for Creating an Ottoman Archaeology in Greece”, Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece, ed. Siriol Davies-Jack L. Davis, The American School of Classical Studies, Atina 2007, s. 221-236.
- Brooks, Alasdair ve Young, Ruth “Historical Archaeology and Heritage in the Middle East: A Preliminary Overview.” Historical Archaeology, IV, (2016), s. 22-35.
- Çağlar, Filiz Tütüncü, “Osmanlı Arkeolojisinin Tarihi: Arkeologların Kazmadığı Topraklar,” Cihannüma Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi, III/1, (2017), s. 109-122.
- DeCorse, Christopher R., “Historical Archaeology Methods Means and Ambiguities,” Current Perspectives in the Archaeology of Ghana, Social Sciences Series, VI, (2014), s. 139-163.
- Deagan, Kathleen A., “Environmental Archaeology and Historical Archaeology”, Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology, ed.E. J., Scudder -S. J., Scarry, Springer Publish, New York 2008, s. 21-38.
- Deetz, James, In Small Things Forgotten: An Archaeology of Early American Life, Anchor Books, New York 1996.
- Dikkaya, Fahri, The Historical Archaeology of the Early Ottomans: a New Perspective on Arguments about the Foundation of the Ottoman Empire, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ankara 2015.
- Er, Ercan Semih, Türkiye’de Osmanlı Arkeolojisinin Gelişimi, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Hitit Üniversitesi, Çorum 2019.
- Fish, Carl Russel, “Relation of Archaeology and History”, Historical Archaeology: a Guide to Substantive and Theoretical Contributions, ed. Robert L. Schuyler, Routledge Press, New York 2019, s. 71-83.
- Frieman, Catherine J., Archaeology as History: Telling Stories from a Fragmented Past, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2023.
- Galloway, K. Patricia, “Material Culture and Text: Exploring the Spaces Within and Between”, Historical Archaeology, ed. Uzi Baram-Lynda Carroll, Blackwell Publishing, Maiden 2006, s. 42-64.
- Galloway, Patricia, Practicing Ethnohistory: Mining Archives, Hearing Testimony, Constructing Narrative, University of Nebraska Press, New York 2006.
- Hall, Martin, “Historical Archaeology”, International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, ed. N. J. Smelser-P. B. Baltes, Elsevier Publisher, Amsterdam 2001, s. 6718-6720.
- Hall, Martin-Silliman, Stephen W., “Introduction: Archaeology of the Modern World”, Historical Archaeology, ed. Martin Hall-Stephen W. Silliman, Blackwell Publishing, Maiden 2006, s. 1-19.
- Henson, Amy, “Theory and Historical Archaeology,” Lambda Alpha Journal, 40, (2010), s. 65-70.
- Hicks, Dan-Beaudry, Mary C., The Cambridge Companion to Historical Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2006.
- Hosmer, Charles B., Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949, University Press of Virginia, Columbia 1981.
- Huey, Paul R., “The Beginnings of Modern Historical Archaeology in the Northeast and the Origins of the Conference on Northeast Historical Archaeology”, Northeast Historical Archaeology, XV/2, (1986), s. 2-9.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 16 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 24 Ekim 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 28 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 |