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BIRLEŞMIŞ MILLETLER GÜVENLIK KONSEYI’NIN YAPISAL FELCI: BÜYÜK GÜÇ POLITIKALARI VE GAZZE KRIZI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye, 44 - 71, 25.06.2025

Talha İsmail Duman , Mehmet Rakipoğlu

Öz

This paper examines the longstanding structural dysfunction of the United Nations Security Council
(UNSC) through an in-depth analysis of its response to the Gaza War between October 2023 and
January 2025. Drawing on draft resolutions, voting records, and meeting transcripts, it explores how
permanent members, particularly the United States, strategically utilized veto power to block or undermine
ceasefire initiatives. The paper argues that the veto has evolved from a tool of great-power
consensus-building into an instrument of strategic impediment, undermining the Council’s effectiveness
in addressing mass humanitarian crises. Findings reveal that despite broad support from
non-permanent members for immediate ceasefire resolutions, strategic alignments—especially
the U.S. protection of Israeli interests—paralyzed the Council’s ability to act. Even resolutions that
passed were substantially weakened through political compromises and legal reinterpretations.
The Gaza case thus reveals the substantial limitations of the UNSC’s current structure, reinforcing
calls for urgent institutional reform. Without an end to veto abuse, the UNSC risks being irrelevant
in future humanitarian catastrophes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Gaza War Veto Power UN Reform US Role in UNSC Great Power Politics.

Kaynakça

  • Acer, Y. (2022). Reforming The United Nations and Türkiye’s Approach (206; p. 57). SETA. https:// www.setav.org/en/assets/uploads/2022/09/R206En.pdf
  • Acer, Y., Duran, B., & Yeşiltaş, M. (Eds.). (2023). The UN reform: New approaches and Türkiye’s perspective. SETA.
  • Aurobinda Mahapatra, D. (2016). The Mandate and the (In)Effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council and International Peace and Security: The Contexts of Syria and Mali. Geopolitics, 21(1), 43–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2015.1116066
  • Balci, A. (2024). Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi: Eleştirel Bir Giriş. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Berdal, M. (2003). The UN security council: Ineffective but indispensable. Survival, 45(2), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/003963303123313434761
  • Çağlayan, S. (2021). BM Güvenlik Konseyi Rezolüsyonları Nedir, Nasıl Okunur? Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, 46, 455–476.
  • Çalik Topuz, Z., & Arafat, M. (2023). Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi Kararlarının Filistin-İsrail Barış Sürecine Etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 78(2), 357–380. https://doi. org/10.33630/ausbf.1065955
  • Chaziza, M. (2014). Soft Balancing Strategy in the Middle East: Chinese and Russian Vetoes in the United Nations Security Council in the Syria Crisis. China Report, 50(3), 243–258. https://doi. org/10.1177/0009445514534126
  • Çolak, Ö., & Köse, İ. (2020). Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi’nin Reformu Sorunsalı: İtalya’nın Beklentileri ve Stratejileri. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 13(26), 21–48. https://doi.org/10.19060/ gav.750303
  • Cox, B. (2009). United Nations Security Council Reform: Collected Proposals and Possible Consequences. South Carolina Journal of International Law and Business, 6(1), 89–128.
  • Curran, D., & Holtom, P. (2015). Resonating, Rejecting, Reinterpreting: Mapping the Stabilization Discourse in the United Nations Security Council, 2000–14. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.gm
  • Forman, J., & Damschroder, L. (2007). Qualitative Content Analysis. In Advances in Bioethics (Vol. 11, pp. 39–62). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3709(07)11003-7
  • Gaza toll could exceed 186,000, Lancet study says. (2024, July 8). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera. com/news/2024/7/8/gaza-toll-could-exceed-186000-lancet-study-says
  • Gifkins, J. (2021). Beyond the Veto: Roles in UN Security Council Decision-Making. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 27(1), 1–24. https://doi. org/10.1163/19426720-02701003
  • Gould, M., & Rablen, M. D. (2017). Reform of the United Nations Security Council: Equity and efficiency. Public Choice, 173(1–2), 145–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-017-0468-2
  • Hannah Allen, S., & Yuen, A. (2022). The History and Functions of the UN Security Council. In S. Hannah Allen & A. Yuen, Bargaining in the UN Security Council (pp. 12–36). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849755.003.0002
  • Hosli, M. O., & Dörfler, T. (2019). Why is change so slow? Assessing prospects for United Nations Security Council reform. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 22(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/1 0.1080/17487870.2017.1305903
  • Krisch, N. (2008). The Security Council And The Great Powers. In V. Lowe, A. Roberts, J. Welsh, & D. Zaum (Eds.), The United Nations Security Council And War (pp. 133–153). Oxford University PressOxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199533435.003.0005
  • Lättilä, V., & Ylönen, A. (2019). United Nations Security Council Reform Revisited: A Proposal. Diplomacy & Statecraft, 30(1), 164–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2019.1557423
  • Lowe, A. V. (Ed.). (2008). The United Nations Security Council and war: The evolution of thought and practice since 1945. Oxford University Press.
  • Luck, E. C. (2008). A Council For All Seasons: The Creation Of The Security Council And Its Relevance Today. In V. Lowe, A. Roberts, J. Welsh, & D. Zaum (Eds.), The United Nations Security Council And War (pp. 61–85). Oxford University PressOxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/ oso/9780199533435.003.0002
  • Mälksoo, L. (2010). Great Powers then and now: Security Council reform and responses to threats to peace and security. In P. G. Danchin & H. Fischer (Eds.), United Nations Reform and the New Collective Security (1st ed., pp. 94–114). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9780511675966.006
  • Mbah, R. E., Mbah, D. E., & Hultquist, L. (2024). The Role of the United Nations and Its Agencies in the Israel-Hamas War. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(6), 311–325. https:// doi.org/10.14738/assrj.116.17203
  • Newton, C. (2021, May 19). A history of the US blocking UN resolutions against Israel. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/19/a-history-of-the-us-blocking-un-resolutionsagainst- israel
  • Okada, Y. (2023). Locating the Veto Power in the International Legal Order: When a Permanent Member of the UN Security Council Becomes an Aggressor. In S. Furuya, H. Takemura, & K. Ozaki (Eds.), Global Impact of the Ukraine Conflict: Perspectives from International Law (pp. 71–91). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4374-6_4
  • Russia’s UN ambassador calls for ceasefire in Israel-Hamas conflict. (n.d.). Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 25, 2025, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/14/russias-un-ambassador- calls-for-ceasefire-in-israel-hamas-conflict
  • Sarsar, S. (2004). The Question of Palestine and United States Behavior at the United Nations. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 17(3), 457–470.
  • Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9439th meeting Monday, 16 October 2023, 6 p.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9442nd meeting Wednesday, 18 October 2023, 10 a.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9453rd meeting Wednesday, 25 October 2023, 3.30 p.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9479th meeting Wednesday, 15 November 2023, 3 p.m. New York. (n.d.). Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9499th meeting Friday, 8 December 2023, 3.30 p.m. New York. (n.d.). Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9520th meeting Friday, 22 December 2023, 11.30 a.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-ninth year 9552nd meeting Tuesday, 20 February 2024, 10 a.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-ninth year 9586th meeting Monday, 25 March 2024, 10 a.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-ninth year 9609th meeting Thursday, 18 April 2024, 5 p.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-ninth year 9650th meeting Monday, 10 June 2024, 3.25 p.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-ninth year 9790th meeting Wednesday, 20 November 2024, 10 a.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Seven, Ü. (2022). Russia’s Foreign Policy Actions and the Syrian Civil War in the United Nations Security Council. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 24(6), 896–911. https://doi.or g/10.1080/19448953.2022.2037966
  • Staff, A. J. (n.d.). Will the UN ceasefire resolution stop Israel’s war on Gaza? Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 25, 2025, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/26/will-the-un-ceasefireresolution- stop-israels-war-on-gaza
  • Thakur, R. (2004). UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL REFORM. African Security Review, 13(3), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2004.9627305
  • The 49 times the US used veto power against UN resolutions on Israel. (2024, November 20). Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/49-times-us-has-used-veto-power-againstun- resolutions-israel
  • Theofilopoulou, A. (2017). The United Nations’ Change in Approach to Resolving the Western Sahara Conflict since the Turn of the Twenty-First Century. In R. Ojeda-Garcia, I. Fernández-Molina, & V. Veguilla (Eds.), Global, Regional and Local Dimensions of Western Sahara’s Protracted Decolonization (pp. 37–51). Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349- 95035-5_2
  • UN Security Council adopts resolution for ‘humanitarian pauses’ in Gaza. (n.d.). Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 25, 2025, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/15/unsc-adopts-resolution- calling-for-extended-humanitarian-pauses
  • UN Security Council demands Gaza aid deliveries at scale. (n.d.). BBC News. Retrieved April 25, 2025, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-middle-east-67799517
  • Weiss, T. G. (2003). The illusion of UN Security Council reform. The Washington Quarterly, 26(4), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1162/016366003322387163
  • You Feel Like You Are Subhuman’: Israel’s Genocide Against Palestinians in Gaza (p. 296). (2024).
  • Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/8668/2024/en/ Zhang, X., & Luther, C. A. (2020). Transnational News Media Coverage of Distant Suffering in the Syrian Civil War: An Analysis of Cnn, Al-Jazeera English and Sputnik Online News. Media, War & Conflict, 13(4), 399–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635219846029

THE STRUCTURAL PARALYSIS OF THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL: GREAT POWER POLITICS AND THE GAZA CRISIS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye, 44 - 71, 25.06.2025

Talha İsmail Duman , Mehmet Rakipoğlu

Öz

This paper examines the longstanding structural dysfunction of the United Nations Security Council
(UNSC) through an in-depth analysis of its response to the Gaza War between October 2023 and
January 2025. Drawing on draft resolutions, voting records, and meeting transcripts, it explores how
permanent members, particularly the United States, strategically utilized veto power to block or undermine
ceasefire initiatives. The paper argues that the veto has evolved from a tool of great-power
consensus-building into an instrument of strategic impediment, undermining the Council’s effectiveness
in addressing mass humanitarian crises. Findings reveal that despite broad support from
non-permanent members for immediate ceasefire resolutions, strategic alignments—especially
the U.S. protection of Israeli interests—paralyzed the Council’s ability to act. Even resolutions that
passed were substantially weakened through political compromises and legal reinterpretations.
The Gaza case thus reveals the substantial limitations of the UNSC’s current structure, reinforcing
calls for urgent institutional reform. Without an end to veto abuse, the UNSC risks being irrelevant
in future humanitarian catastrophes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Gaza War Veto Power UN Reform US Role in UNSC Great Power Politics.

Kaynakça

  • Acer, Y. (2022). Reforming The United Nations and Türkiye’s Approach (206; p. 57). SETA. https:// www.setav.org/en/assets/uploads/2022/09/R206En.pdf
  • Acer, Y., Duran, B., & Yeşiltaş, M. (Eds.). (2023). The UN reform: New approaches and Türkiye’s perspective. SETA.
  • Aurobinda Mahapatra, D. (2016). The Mandate and the (In)Effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council and International Peace and Security: The Contexts of Syria and Mali. Geopolitics, 21(1), 43–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2015.1116066
  • Balci, A. (2024). Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi: Eleştirel Bir Giriş. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Berdal, M. (2003). The UN security council: Ineffective but indispensable. Survival, 45(2), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/003963303123313434761
  • Çağlayan, S. (2021). BM Güvenlik Konseyi Rezolüsyonları Nedir, Nasıl Okunur? Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, 46, 455–476.
  • Çalik Topuz, Z., & Arafat, M. (2023). Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi Kararlarının Filistin-İsrail Barış Sürecine Etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 78(2), 357–380. https://doi. org/10.33630/ausbf.1065955
  • Chaziza, M. (2014). Soft Balancing Strategy in the Middle East: Chinese and Russian Vetoes in the United Nations Security Council in the Syria Crisis. China Report, 50(3), 243–258. https://doi. org/10.1177/0009445514534126
  • Çolak, Ö., & Köse, İ. (2020). Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi’nin Reformu Sorunsalı: İtalya’nın Beklentileri ve Stratejileri. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 13(26), 21–48. https://doi.org/10.19060/ gav.750303
  • Cox, B. (2009). United Nations Security Council Reform: Collected Proposals and Possible Consequences. South Carolina Journal of International Law and Business, 6(1), 89–128.
  • Curran, D., & Holtom, P. (2015). Resonating, Rejecting, Reinterpreting: Mapping the Stabilization Discourse in the United Nations Security Council, 2000–14. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.gm
  • Forman, J., & Damschroder, L. (2007). Qualitative Content Analysis. In Advances in Bioethics (Vol. 11, pp. 39–62). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3709(07)11003-7
  • Gaza toll could exceed 186,000, Lancet study says. (2024, July 8). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera. com/news/2024/7/8/gaza-toll-could-exceed-186000-lancet-study-says
  • Gifkins, J. (2021). Beyond the Veto: Roles in UN Security Council Decision-Making. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 27(1), 1–24. https://doi. org/10.1163/19426720-02701003
  • Gould, M., & Rablen, M. D. (2017). Reform of the United Nations Security Council: Equity and efficiency. Public Choice, 173(1–2), 145–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-017-0468-2
  • Hannah Allen, S., & Yuen, A. (2022). The History and Functions of the UN Security Council. In S. Hannah Allen & A. Yuen, Bargaining in the UN Security Council (pp. 12–36). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849755.003.0002
  • Hosli, M. O., & Dörfler, T. (2019). Why is change so slow? Assessing prospects for United Nations Security Council reform. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 22(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/1 0.1080/17487870.2017.1305903
  • Krisch, N. (2008). The Security Council And The Great Powers. In V. Lowe, A. Roberts, J. Welsh, & D. Zaum (Eds.), The United Nations Security Council And War (pp. 133–153). Oxford University PressOxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199533435.003.0005
  • Lättilä, V., & Ylönen, A. (2019). United Nations Security Council Reform Revisited: A Proposal. Diplomacy & Statecraft, 30(1), 164–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2019.1557423
  • Lowe, A. V. (Ed.). (2008). The United Nations Security Council and war: The evolution of thought and practice since 1945. Oxford University Press.
  • Luck, E. C. (2008). A Council For All Seasons: The Creation Of The Security Council And Its Relevance Today. In V. Lowe, A. Roberts, J. Welsh, & D. Zaum (Eds.), The United Nations Security Council And War (pp. 61–85). Oxford University PressOxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/ oso/9780199533435.003.0002
  • Mälksoo, L. (2010). Great Powers then and now: Security Council reform and responses to threats to peace and security. In P. G. Danchin & H. Fischer (Eds.), United Nations Reform and the New Collective Security (1st ed., pp. 94–114). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9780511675966.006
  • Mbah, R. E., Mbah, D. E., & Hultquist, L. (2024). The Role of the United Nations and Its Agencies in the Israel-Hamas War. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(6), 311–325. https:// doi.org/10.14738/assrj.116.17203
  • Newton, C. (2021, May 19). A history of the US blocking UN resolutions against Israel. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/19/a-history-of-the-us-blocking-un-resolutionsagainst- israel
  • Okada, Y. (2023). Locating the Veto Power in the International Legal Order: When a Permanent Member of the UN Security Council Becomes an Aggressor. In S. Furuya, H. Takemura, & K. Ozaki (Eds.), Global Impact of the Ukraine Conflict: Perspectives from International Law (pp. 71–91). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4374-6_4
  • Russia’s UN ambassador calls for ceasefire in Israel-Hamas conflict. (n.d.). Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 25, 2025, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/14/russias-un-ambassador- calls-for-ceasefire-in-israel-hamas-conflict
  • Sarsar, S. (2004). The Question of Palestine and United States Behavior at the United Nations. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 17(3), 457–470.
  • Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9439th meeting Monday, 16 October 2023, 6 p.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9442nd meeting Wednesday, 18 October 2023, 10 a.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9453rd meeting Wednesday, 25 October 2023, 3.30 p.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9479th meeting Wednesday, 15 November 2023, 3 p.m. New York. (n.d.). Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9499th meeting Friday, 8 December 2023, 3.30 p.m. New York. (n.d.). Security Council Seventy-eighth year 9520th meeting Friday, 22 December 2023, 11.30 a.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-ninth year 9552nd meeting Tuesday, 20 February 2024, 10 a.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-ninth year 9586th meeting Monday, 25 March 2024, 10 a.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-ninth year 9609th meeting Thursday, 18 April 2024, 5 p.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-ninth year 9650th meeting Monday, 10 June 2024, 3.25 p.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Security Council Seventy-ninth year 9790th meeting Wednesday, 20 November 2024, 10 a.m. New York. (n.d.).
  • Seven, Ü. (2022). Russia’s Foreign Policy Actions and the Syrian Civil War in the United Nations Security Council. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 24(6), 896–911. https://doi.or g/10.1080/19448953.2022.2037966
  • Staff, A. J. (n.d.). Will the UN ceasefire resolution stop Israel’s war on Gaza? Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 25, 2025, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/26/will-the-un-ceasefireresolution- stop-israels-war-on-gaza
  • Thakur, R. (2004). UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL REFORM. African Security Review, 13(3), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2004.9627305
  • The 49 times the US used veto power against UN resolutions on Israel. (2024, November 20). Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/49-times-us-has-used-veto-power-againstun- resolutions-israel
  • Theofilopoulou, A. (2017). The United Nations’ Change in Approach to Resolving the Western Sahara Conflict since the Turn of the Twenty-First Century. In R. Ojeda-Garcia, I. Fernández-Molina, & V. Veguilla (Eds.), Global, Regional and Local Dimensions of Western Sahara’s Protracted Decolonization (pp. 37–51). Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349- 95035-5_2
  • UN Security Council adopts resolution for ‘humanitarian pauses’ in Gaza. (n.d.). Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 25, 2025, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/15/unsc-adopts-resolution- calling-for-extended-humanitarian-pauses
  • UN Security Council demands Gaza aid deliveries at scale. (n.d.). BBC News. Retrieved April 25, 2025, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-middle-east-67799517
  • Weiss, T. G. (2003). The illusion of UN Security Council reform. The Washington Quarterly, 26(4), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1162/016366003322387163
  • You Feel Like You Are Subhuman’: Israel’s Genocide Against Palestinians in Gaza (p. 296). (2024).
  • Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/8668/2024/en/ Zhang, X., & Luther, C. A. (2020). Transnational News Media Coverage of Distant Suffering in the Syrian Civil War: An Analysis of Cnn, Al-Jazeera English and Sputnik Online News. Media, War & Conflict, 13(4), 399–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635219846029
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Göç Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Talha İsmail Duman

Mehmet Rakipoğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 18 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye

Kaynak Göster

APA Duman, T. İ., & Rakipoğlu, M. (2025). THE STRUCTURAL PARALYSIS OF THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL: GREAT POWER POLITICS AND THE GAZA CRISIS. Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi, 21(68 - Yeni Dünya Yeni Düzen: Küresel Sistemin Geleceğinde Türkiye), 44-71.
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