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The Effect of Rap Music on Youth' Drug Use: Turkish Rap Songs Perspective

Yıl 2025, , 57 - 91, 30.06.2025

Elif Hazal Tuncer , Zekai Genç , Ümit Ertem , Alihan Kocabaş , Sevil Atasoy

https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.1456150

Öz

In recent decades, technological developments that have increased communication channels among cultures on a global scale have contributed to the emergence and spread of various music genres. One of these is rap music, along with the hip-hop culture that has developed with it. Rap music, which often expresses reactions to social conditions and to a quest for identity, holds a significant place in the formation of subcultures, particularly among youth. Due to its rebellious ethos, rap music can influence the attitudes of young people toward drug use, in both positive and negative ways. Drug users, who break away from the dominant cultural norms of society, form a distinct drug-based subculture characterized by its own language, clothing styles, lifestyles, and musical preferences. Rap music, which is the focus of this study, is considered a subcultural form of music making with a unique identity. This research analyzes rap songs that both encourage and criticize the drug subculture. A total of fourteen songs, seven promoting and seven opposing substance use, were selected and analyzed using the content analysis method, with reference to their availability on YouTube. In conclusion, the study compiled statements from both groups that either reflect or criticize drug use.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forensic sciences Drugs Drug subculture Rap music Youth culture

Kaynakça

  • Anadolu Ajansı (AA). (2019, 27 June). “Ezhel'e uyuşturucu kullanmaktan hapis cezası” (Prison Sentence for Ezhel on Drug Use Charges). Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/ezhele-uyusturucu-kullanmaktan-hapis-cezasi/1517044
  • Arslan, Hatice; Kırlıoğlu, Mehmet. (2019). “Drug Subculture as a Way of Expression: Rap Music” Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions. 6(3): 821-845.
  • Bağış, Radiye Canan. (2019). “Bir Alt Kültür Grubu Olarak Denizli Grafiti Gençliği” (Denizli Graffiti Youth as a Sub-Cultural Group). Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences. 18(4): 1287-1309.
  • Barnes, Sandra L. (2008). “Religion and Rap Music: An analysis of black church usage” Review of Religious Research. 49(3): 319-338.
  • Bayrak, Merve Betül. (2011). “Muhafazakâr Gençliğin Bir İfade Biçimi Olarak Türkçe Rap ve Türkiye'de Hip-Hop Kültürü” (Turkish rap and hip-hop culture in Turkey as a means of expression for the conservative youth), Master’s Thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul: Türkiye.
  • Berelson, Bernard. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
  • Bianet. (2021, 13 March). “Rapçi Burry Soprano tutuklandı” (Rapper Burry Soprano Arrested). Retrieved from https://bianet.org/haber/rapci-burry-soprano-tutuklandi-240763
  • Biçer, Serkan; Ertan, Tülay. (2017). “Arafta Kalan Gençlik: Arsız Bela Hayranları Üzerine Etnografik Bir Çalışma” (Youth in Limbo: An Ethnographic Study on Fans of Arsız Bela). Kurgu. 25(3): 96-119.
  • BirGün. (2022, 19 April). “Şarkıcı Murda’ya 4 yıl 2 ay hapis” (Rapper Murda Sentenced to 4 Years and 2 Months in Prison). Retrieved from https://www.birgun.net/haber/sarkici-murda-ya-4-yil-2-ay-hapis-384823
  • Blanchard, Becky. (1999). The Social Significance of Rap & Hip-Hop Culture. Retrieved from https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/mediarace/socialsignificance.htm
  • Budak, Celalettin; Ergun Levent. (2022). “Yeraltı (Underground)-Ana Akım (Mainstream) Etkileşimi Bağlamında İzmir Rap Scene” (The İzmir Rap Scene in the Context of the Underground–Mainstream Interaction) Yedi. Special Issue: 1-14.
  • Chen, Meng-Jinn; Miller, Brenda A; Grube, Joel W and Waiters, Elizabeth D. (2006). “Music, substance use, and aggression” Journal of studies on alcohol. 67(3): 373-381.
  • CNN Türk. (2017, 28 November). “Yansın Geceler’le tanınan ‘Heijan’ gözaltına alındı” (‘Heijan,’ Known for ‘Yansın Geceler,’ Detained). Retrieved from https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/yansin-gecelerle-taninan-heijan-gozaltina-alindi-705057
  • CNN Türk. (2021, 23 April). “Narkotik polisinden uyuşturucuyla mücadele için rap müzikli klip” (Narcotics Police Release Rap Music Video to Combat Drug Use). Retrieved from https://www.cnnturk.com/video/turkiye/narkotik-polisinden-uyusturucuyla-mucadele-icin-rap-muzikli-klip-1646968
  • Çakmak, Muhammet N. (2024). “2014- 2023 Spotify Top 10 Listelerinin Bağımlılık Sosyolojisi Bağlamında İncelenmesi” (An Analysis of Spotify Top 10 Charts (2014–2023) in the Context of the Sociology of Addiction) Olgu Sosyoloji Dergisi. 3(2): 49-62.
  • Çatı Müzik. (2016). Heijan – Genemi Amcalar 2014 Klip Online. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20170801075803/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-TlxrLv7t4
  • Çetinöz, Esra. (2019). Türkiye ve Dünyada Uyuşturucu ile Mücadele (The Fight Against Drugs in Türkiye and the World). Ankara: Police Academy Publications.
  • DHA. (2018, July 11)., “Ezhel’e büyük şok” (A Major Shock for Ezhel). Retrieved from https://www.dha.com.tr/saglik-yasam/ezhele-buyuk-sok-1589283
  • Diken. (2018, 1 June). “Rapçilere bir ‘uyuşturucuyu özendirme’ operasyonu daha: Khontkar tutuklandı” (Another Operation on Rappers for ‘Encouraging Drug Use’: Khontkar Arrested). Retrieved from https://www.diken.com.tr/rapcilere-bir-uyusturucuyu-ozendirme-operasyonu-daha-khontkar-tutuklandi/
  • Duvar English. (2024, September 4). “Annual police report: Methamphetamine threat ravages Turkey”. Retrieved from https://www.duvarenglish.com/annual-police-report-methamphetamine-threat-ravages-turkey-news-64908
  • Elbir, İrem. (2021). “Turkish Rap Music within the Grip of Popular Culture” Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara: Türkiye.
  • Elflein, Dietmar. (1998). “From Krauts with attitudes to Turks with attitudes: some aspects of hip-hop history in Germany” Popular Music. 17(3): 255–265.
  • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2019). Turkey Country Drug Report 2019. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Furlong, Andy. (2013). Youth Studies: An Introduction. London: Routledge.
  • Gezek, Funda. (2007). “Sokakta Yaşayan Gençlerin Aile Yapısı ve Madde Bağımlılığı Arasındaki İlişki” (The Relationship Between Family Structure and Substance Addiction Among Homeless Youth), Master’s Thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul: Türkiye.
  • Harakeh, Zeena; Ter Bogt, Tom F.M. (2018). “The Effect of Rap/Hip-Hop music on young adult smoking: an experimental study” Substance Use & Misuse. 53(11): 1819–1825.
  • Hebdige, Dick. (2003). Kes Yapıştır: Kültür, Kimlik ve Karayip Müziği (Cut `n' Mix Culture, Identity and Caribbean Music). (Gülabioğlu, Çağatay, Trans.). Istanbul: Ayrıntı Publishing House.
  • Hürriyet. (2018, 24 May). “Son dakika... Fenomen rapçi Ezhel tutuklandı” (Breaking News... Rapper Ezhel Detained). Retrieved from https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dakika-fenomen-rapci-ezhel-tutuklandi-40847455
  • Independent Türkçe. (2019, 26 September). “Rapçi Khontkar'a uyuşturucuya özendirmeden 4 yıl 2 ay hapis cezası” (Rapper Khontkar Sentenced to 4 Years and 2 Months in Prison for Inciting Drug Use). Retrieved from https://www.indyturk.com/node/74786/haber/rap%C3%A7i-khontkara-uyu%C5%9Fturucuya-%C3%B6zendirmeden-4-y%C4%B1l-2-ay-hapis-cezas%C4%B1
  • Işık, Mehmet. (2018). “Madde Kullanımını Öven Popüler Şarkı Sözlerinde Dil, İdeoloji ve Özne (An Analysis of Language, Ideology, and the Construction of the Subject in Popular Songs Glorifying Substance Use)”. Dil Bilimleri / Klasik Sorunlar – Güncel Tartışmalar (Linguistics: Classical Issues – Contemporary Debates), Eds. Nesim Doru and Ömer Bozkurt: pp. 783-800. Mardin: Artuklu University Publications
  • İlhan, Ramazan. (2016). “Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Madde Kullanımı ve Suç İlişkisi” (The Relationship Between Substance Use and Criminal Behavior Among University Students), Master’s Thesis, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas: Türkiye.
  • Jenks, Chris. (2005). Altkültür /Toplumsalın Parçalanışı (Subculture: The Fragmentation of the Social). (Demirkol, Nihal, Trans.). Istanbul: Ayrıntı Publishing House.
  • Jerotic, Katarina; Vuust, Peter and Kringelbach, Morten L. (2024). “Psychedelia: The interplay of music and psychedelics” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1531(1): 12–28.
  • Journet, Nicolas. (2009). Evrenselden Özele Kültür (Culture: From the Universal to the Particular). (Sezen, Yumni, Trans.). Istanbul: İz Publishing House.
  • Kemp, Simon. (2024, October 23). Digital 2024 October Global Statshot Report. Retrieved from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-october-global-statshot
  • Koçak, Abdullah; Arun, Özgür. (2006). “İçerik Analizi Çalışmalarında Örneklem Sorunu” (The Sampling Problem in Content Analysis Studies) Journal of Selçuk Communications. 4(3): 21-28.
  • Kurt, Begüm. (2020). “Farklı Kültürel Zeminlerde Benzer İfade Biçimleri: Âşıklık Geleneği ve Rap Müzik” (Parallel Modes of Expression Across Cultural Contexts: The Âşık Tradition and Rap Music) Folklore Academy Journal. 3(1): 16-35.
  • Le Monde (2024, 10 February). “Drug use soars in Turkey”. Retrieved from https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/02/10/drug-use-soars-in-turkey_6510646_4.html McCoy, Austin. (2017). “Rap Music”. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Miller, Erin Morris; Kelley, Brian M; Midgett, Christian and Parent, Chelsea. (2016). “Substance use references in college students’ diverse personal music libraries predicts substance use behavior” Cogent Psychology. 3(1): 1220446.
  • Müzikonair. (2021). “Ceza, Fuat ve CARTEL Grubu’ndan “Uyuşturucuya Hayır” Projesi” (The “Say No to Drugs” Project by Ceza, Fuat, and the Group CARTEL). Retrieved from https://muzikonair.com/ceza-fuat-ve-cartel-grubundan-uyusturucuya-hayir-projesi/
  • Ögel, Kültegin; Tamar Gürol, Defne. (2010). “Aile ve Bağımlılık” (Family and Addiction) Sigara, Alkol ve Madde Kullanım Bozuklukları: Tanı, Tedavi ve Önleme (Tobacco, Alcohol, and Substance Use Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention), İstanbul: Yeniden Publications.
  • Özyıldız, Aslı; Uçaner Çifdalöz, Burçin. (2019). “Bağımlılıkla Mücadelede Müzik Terapi” (Music Therapy in the Fight Against Addiction) Journal of International Social Research. 12(63): 576-587.
  • Palamar, Joseph J; Rutherford, Caroline; Cleland, Charles M and Keyes, Katherine M. (2022). “Concerts, bars, parties, and raves: Differential risk for drug use among high school seniors according to venue attendance” Substance Abuse. 43(1): 785–791.
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  • Rose, Tricia. (1994). Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
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Yıl 2025, , 57 - 91, 30.06.2025

Elif Hazal Tuncer , Zekai Genç , Ümit Ertem , Alihan Kocabaş , Sevil Atasoy

https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.1456150

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Anadolu Ajansı (AA). (2019, 27 June). “Ezhel'e uyuşturucu kullanmaktan hapis cezası” (Prison Sentence for Ezhel on Drug Use Charges). Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/ezhele-uyusturucu-kullanmaktan-hapis-cezasi/1517044
  • Arslan, Hatice; Kırlıoğlu, Mehmet. (2019). “Drug Subculture as a Way of Expression: Rap Music” Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions. 6(3): 821-845.
  • Bağış, Radiye Canan. (2019). “Bir Alt Kültür Grubu Olarak Denizli Grafiti Gençliği” (Denizli Graffiti Youth as a Sub-Cultural Group). Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences. 18(4): 1287-1309.
  • Barnes, Sandra L. (2008). “Religion and Rap Music: An analysis of black church usage” Review of Religious Research. 49(3): 319-338.
  • Bayrak, Merve Betül. (2011). “Muhafazakâr Gençliğin Bir İfade Biçimi Olarak Türkçe Rap ve Türkiye'de Hip-Hop Kültürü” (Turkish rap and hip-hop culture in Turkey as a means of expression for the conservative youth), Master’s Thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul: Türkiye.
  • Berelson, Bernard. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
  • Bianet. (2021, 13 March). “Rapçi Burry Soprano tutuklandı” (Rapper Burry Soprano Arrested). Retrieved from https://bianet.org/haber/rapci-burry-soprano-tutuklandi-240763
  • Biçer, Serkan; Ertan, Tülay. (2017). “Arafta Kalan Gençlik: Arsız Bela Hayranları Üzerine Etnografik Bir Çalışma” (Youth in Limbo: An Ethnographic Study on Fans of Arsız Bela). Kurgu. 25(3): 96-119.
  • BirGün. (2022, 19 April). “Şarkıcı Murda’ya 4 yıl 2 ay hapis” (Rapper Murda Sentenced to 4 Years and 2 Months in Prison). Retrieved from https://www.birgun.net/haber/sarkici-murda-ya-4-yil-2-ay-hapis-384823
  • Blanchard, Becky. (1999). The Social Significance of Rap & Hip-Hop Culture. Retrieved from https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/mediarace/socialsignificance.htm
  • Budak, Celalettin; Ergun Levent. (2022). “Yeraltı (Underground)-Ana Akım (Mainstream) Etkileşimi Bağlamında İzmir Rap Scene” (The İzmir Rap Scene in the Context of the Underground–Mainstream Interaction) Yedi. Special Issue: 1-14.
  • Chen, Meng-Jinn; Miller, Brenda A; Grube, Joel W and Waiters, Elizabeth D. (2006). “Music, substance use, and aggression” Journal of studies on alcohol. 67(3): 373-381.
  • CNN Türk. (2017, 28 November). “Yansın Geceler’le tanınan ‘Heijan’ gözaltına alındı” (‘Heijan,’ Known for ‘Yansın Geceler,’ Detained). Retrieved from https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/yansin-gecelerle-taninan-heijan-gozaltina-alindi-705057
  • CNN Türk. (2021, 23 April). “Narkotik polisinden uyuşturucuyla mücadele için rap müzikli klip” (Narcotics Police Release Rap Music Video to Combat Drug Use). Retrieved from https://www.cnnturk.com/video/turkiye/narkotik-polisinden-uyusturucuyla-mucadele-icin-rap-muzikli-klip-1646968
  • Çakmak, Muhammet N. (2024). “2014- 2023 Spotify Top 10 Listelerinin Bağımlılık Sosyolojisi Bağlamında İncelenmesi” (An Analysis of Spotify Top 10 Charts (2014–2023) in the Context of the Sociology of Addiction) Olgu Sosyoloji Dergisi. 3(2): 49-62.
  • Çatı Müzik. (2016). Heijan – Genemi Amcalar 2014 Klip Online. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20170801075803/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-TlxrLv7t4
  • Çetinöz, Esra. (2019). Türkiye ve Dünyada Uyuşturucu ile Mücadele (The Fight Against Drugs in Türkiye and the World). Ankara: Police Academy Publications.
  • DHA. (2018, July 11)., “Ezhel’e büyük şok” (A Major Shock for Ezhel). Retrieved from https://www.dha.com.tr/saglik-yasam/ezhele-buyuk-sok-1589283
  • Diken. (2018, 1 June). “Rapçilere bir ‘uyuşturucuyu özendirme’ operasyonu daha: Khontkar tutuklandı” (Another Operation on Rappers for ‘Encouraging Drug Use’: Khontkar Arrested). Retrieved from https://www.diken.com.tr/rapcilere-bir-uyusturucuyu-ozendirme-operasyonu-daha-khontkar-tutuklandi/
  • Duvar English. (2024, September 4). “Annual police report: Methamphetamine threat ravages Turkey”. Retrieved from https://www.duvarenglish.com/annual-police-report-methamphetamine-threat-ravages-turkey-news-64908
  • Elbir, İrem. (2021). “Turkish Rap Music within the Grip of Popular Culture” Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara: Türkiye.
  • Elflein, Dietmar. (1998). “From Krauts with attitudes to Turks with attitudes: some aspects of hip-hop history in Germany” Popular Music. 17(3): 255–265.
  • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2019). Turkey Country Drug Report 2019. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Furlong, Andy. (2013). Youth Studies: An Introduction. London: Routledge.
  • Gezek, Funda. (2007). “Sokakta Yaşayan Gençlerin Aile Yapısı ve Madde Bağımlılığı Arasındaki İlişki” (The Relationship Between Family Structure and Substance Addiction Among Homeless Youth), Master’s Thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul: Türkiye.
  • Harakeh, Zeena; Ter Bogt, Tom F.M. (2018). “The Effect of Rap/Hip-Hop music on young adult smoking: an experimental study” Substance Use & Misuse. 53(11): 1819–1825.
  • Hebdige, Dick. (2003). Kes Yapıştır: Kültür, Kimlik ve Karayip Müziği (Cut `n' Mix Culture, Identity and Caribbean Music). (Gülabioğlu, Çağatay, Trans.). Istanbul: Ayrıntı Publishing House.
  • Hürriyet. (2018, 24 May). “Son dakika... Fenomen rapçi Ezhel tutuklandı” (Breaking News... Rapper Ezhel Detained). Retrieved from https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dakika-fenomen-rapci-ezhel-tutuklandi-40847455
  • Independent Türkçe. (2019, 26 September). “Rapçi Khontkar'a uyuşturucuya özendirmeden 4 yıl 2 ay hapis cezası” (Rapper Khontkar Sentenced to 4 Years and 2 Months in Prison for Inciting Drug Use). Retrieved from https://www.indyturk.com/node/74786/haber/rap%C3%A7i-khontkara-uyu%C5%9Fturucuya-%C3%B6zendirmeden-4-y%C4%B1l-2-ay-hapis-cezas%C4%B1
  • Işık, Mehmet. (2018). “Madde Kullanımını Öven Popüler Şarkı Sözlerinde Dil, İdeoloji ve Özne (An Analysis of Language, Ideology, and the Construction of the Subject in Popular Songs Glorifying Substance Use)”. Dil Bilimleri / Klasik Sorunlar – Güncel Tartışmalar (Linguistics: Classical Issues – Contemporary Debates), Eds. Nesim Doru and Ömer Bozkurt: pp. 783-800. Mardin: Artuklu University Publications
  • İlhan, Ramazan. (2016). “Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Madde Kullanımı ve Suç İlişkisi” (The Relationship Between Substance Use and Criminal Behavior Among University Students), Master’s Thesis, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas: Türkiye.
  • Jenks, Chris. (2005). Altkültür /Toplumsalın Parçalanışı (Subculture: The Fragmentation of the Social). (Demirkol, Nihal, Trans.). Istanbul: Ayrıntı Publishing House.
  • Jerotic, Katarina; Vuust, Peter and Kringelbach, Morten L. (2024). “Psychedelia: The interplay of music and psychedelics” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1531(1): 12–28.
  • Journet, Nicolas. (2009). Evrenselden Özele Kültür (Culture: From the Universal to the Particular). (Sezen, Yumni, Trans.). Istanbul: İz Publishing House.
  • Kemp, Simon. (2024, October 23). Digital 2024 October Global Statshot Report. Retrieved from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-october-global-statshot
  • Koçak, Abdullah; Arun, Özgür. (2006). “İçerik Analizi Çalışmalarında Örneklem Sorunu” (The Sampling Problem in Content Analysis Studies) Journal of Selçuk Communications. 4(3): 21-28.
  • Kurt, Begüm. (2020). “Farklı Kültürel Zeminlerde Benzer İfade Biçimleri: Âşıklık Geleneği ve Rap Müzik” (Parallel Modes of Expression Across Cultural Contexts: The Âşık Tradition and Rap Music) Folklore Academy Journal. 3(1): 16-35.
  • Le Monde (2024, 10 February). “Drug use soars in Turkey”. Retrieved from https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/02/10/drug-use-soars-in-turkey_6510646_4.html McCoy, Austin. (2017). “Rap Music”. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Miller, Erin Morris; Kelley, Brian M; Midgett, Christian and Parent, Chelsea. (2016). “Substance use references in college students’ diverse personal music libraries predicts substance use behavior” Cogent Psychology. 3(1): 1220446.
  • Müzikonair. (2021). “Ceza, Fuat ve CARTEL Grubu’ndan “Uyuşturucuya Hayır” Projesi” (The “Say No to Drugs” Project by Ceza, Fuat, and the Group CARTEL). Retrieved from https://muzikonair.com/ceza-fuat-ve-cartel-grubundan-uyusturucuya-hayir-projesi/
  • Ögel, Kültegin; Tamar Gürol, Defne. (2010). “Aile ve Bağımlılık” (Family and Addiction) Sigara, Alkol ve Madde Kullanım Bozuklukları: Tanı, Tedavi ve Önleme (Tobacco, Alcohol, and Substance Use Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention), İstanbul: Yeniden Publications.
  • Özyıldız, Aslı; Uçaner Çifdalöz, Burçin. (2019). “Bağımlılıkla Mücadelede Müzik Terapi” (Music Therapy in the Fight Against Addiction) Journal of International Social Research. 12(63): 576-587.
  • Palamar, Joseph J; Rutherford, Caroline; Cleland, Charles M and Keyes, Katherine M. (2022). “Concerts, bars, parties, and raves: Differential risk for drug use among high school seniors according to venue attendance” Substance Abuse. 43(1): 785–791.
  • Patton, George C; Viner, Russell. (2007). “Pubertal transitions in health” The Lancet. 369(9567): 1130–1139.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Interior (2021, 30 January). “Madde Bağımlılığıyla Mücadeleye Müziğinle Destek Olmak İçin Rap Burada!” (Rap Is Here to Support the Fight Against Substance Addiction Through Music!). Retrieved from https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/rap-burada-muzik-yarismasi
  • Turkish National Police, Counter Narcotics Department. (2024). 2024 Turkish Drug Report: Trends and Developments. Retrieved from https://www.narkotik.pol.tr/kurumlar/narkotik.pol.tr/Duyurular/2024/Eylul/TURKISH_DRUG_REPORT.PDF
  • Rose, Tricia. (1994). Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
  • Sağır, Adem. (2020). “Yeni Bir Ergen Kültürü Olarak Arabesk Rapin Kimlik Dışa Vurumları” (Identity Expressions of Arabesk Rap as a New Youth Subculture) OPUS International Journal of Society Researches. 15(21): 145-182.
  • Rapertuar. (2024, 4 December). “Spotify Wrapped açıklandı, 2024’ün en’leri ortaya çıktı!” (Spotify Wrapped Released – 2024 Wrapped Reveals the Year’s Greatest Hits!). Retrieved from https://www.rapertuar.com/turkce-rap/spotify-wrapped-aciklandi-2024un-enleri-ortaya-cikti/
  • Stickle, Ben. (2021). “A High Note: Drug Misuse in Popular Rap Music” Substance Use & Misuse. 56(10): 1448–1456.
  • Susma24. (2021, 19 March). “Tutuklanan Rap müzisyeni Burry Soprano hakkında beraat kararı verildi” (Acquittal Issued for Arrested Rap Musician Burry Soprano). Retrieved from https://susma24.com/rap-muzisyeni-burry-soprano-tutuklandi/
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2003). National Assessment on Drug Abuse: Health Services, Education & Community Action – Preventing Drug Abuse in Turkey. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/pdf/gap_turkey_drug_abuse_report.pdf
  • Üsküdar University. (2025, 4 March.). ““Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya 2024 Uyuşturucu Raporu” açıklandı” (The United Nations World Drug Report 2024 Has Been Released). Retrieved from https://uskudar.edu.tr/tr/icerik/59445/birlesmis-milletler-dunya-2024-uyusturucu-raporu-aciklandi
  • Watkins, S. Craig. (2005). Hip-hop Matters: Politics, Pop Culture, and the Struggle for the Soul of a Movement. Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Yaman, Ömer Miraç. (2013). Apaçi Gençlik – Gençlerin Toplumsal Davranış ve Yönelimleri: İstanbul'da "Apaçi" Altkültür Grupları Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma (Apaçi Youth – Social Behaviors and Orientations of Young People: A Qualitative Study on "Apaçi" Subcultural Groups in Istanbul). Istanbul: Turkish Green Crescent Society.
  • Yaşar, Yusuf; İçer, Zafer and Yazıcılar, Tarık T. (2018). “Uyuşturucu ve Uyarıcı Madde Kullanılmasını Özendirme Suçu (TCK m. 190/2)” (The Crime of Promoting the Use of Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances (Turkish Penal Code Article 190/2)) Istanbul Law Review. 76(2): 691-724.
  • Yılmaz, Enes. (2018). “Uyuşturucu veya Uyarıcı Madde Kullanılmasını Kolaylaştırma ve Özendirme Suçları (TCK m.190)” (Crimes of Promoting and Facilitating Drug or Stimulant Use (Turkish Penal Code Article 190)) Journal of the Turkish Justice Academy. 9(34): 345-374.
  • Yörükoğlu, Atalay. (1989). Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı (Pediatric Mental Health). İstanbul: Özgür Publications.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Müzik (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Elif Hazal Tuncer 0000-0002-8356-0753

Zekai Genç 0000-0002-4725-5356

Ümit Ertem 0000-0002-9052-2480

Alihan Kocabaş 0000-0002-7251-0726

Sevil Atasoy 0000-0002-0236-0267

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuncer, E. H., Genç, Z., Ertem, Ü., Kocabaş, A., vd. (2025). The Effect of Rap Music on Youth’ Drug Use: Turkish Rap Songs Perspective. Musicologist, 9(1), 57-91. https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.1456150