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Sosyal medya bağımlılığının özsaygı ve öz-algı üzerindeki etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 994 - 1018, 27.06.2025

Metin Çınaroğlu , Merve Aktarli , Eda Yılmazer

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1467064

Öz

Bu çalışma, Facebook, Instagram ve X gibi dijital platformların kimlik ve ruh sağlığı üzerindeki yaygın etkisinin ortasında, sosyal medya bağımlılığı, öz-algı ve özsaygı arasındaki karmaşık dinamikleri araştırmaktadır. 388 katılımcının çeşitli bir örneği ile yürütülen anket metodolojimiz, sosyal medya ile aşırı etkileşimin, öz-algıları değiştirdiği ve özsaygıyı azalttığına dair önemli korelasyonlar ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle, bulgular sosyal medya bağımlılığında cinsiyete özgü farklılıklar göstermektedir, erkekler daha yüksek bağımlılık seviyeleri sergilemektedir. Ayrıca, genç kullanıcılar ve daha yüksek eğitim seviyesine sahip olanlar, sosyal medya kullanımına bağlı olarak artan psikolojik sıkıntı bildirmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, sosyal medyanın hem gelişmiş bağlantı aracı olarak hem de potansiyel psikolojik baskı kaynağı olarak çift rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, kullanıcılar arasında daha sağlıklı sosyal medya alışkanlıklarını teşvik etmeyi amaçlayan hedefli eğitim ve politika temelli müdahalelerin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Öneriler arasında, sosyal medya içeriği ile eleştirel bir şekilde etkileşimi teşvik eden dijital okuryazarlık programlarının geliştirilmesi ve olumsuz psikolojik etkiler yaşayan kullanıcılar için destek mekanizmalarının oluşturulması yer almaktadır. Bu araştırma, sosyal medyanın psikolojik etkileri üzerine devam eden tartışmaya katkıda bulunmakta, kullanıcılar, politika yapıcılar ve ruh sağlığı profesyonellerine olumsuz sonuçları hafifletmek ve giderek daha bağlantılı toplumumuzda dijital etkileşimlerin olumlu potansiyelinden yararlanmak için değerli içgörüler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Öz-Algı Özsaygı

Kaynakça

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  • Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
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  • Bettmann, J. E., Anstadt, G., Casselman, B., & Ganesh, K. (2021). Young adult depression and anxiety linked to social media use: Assessment and treatment. Clinical Social Work Journal, 49, 368-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-020-00752-1
  • Cheng, C., Lau, Y. C., Chan, L., & Luk, J. W. (2021). Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values. Addictive Behaviors, 117, 106845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106845
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The impact of social media addiction on self-esteem and self-perception

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 994 - 1018, 27.06.2025

Metin Çınaroğlu , Merve Aktarli , Eda Yılmazer

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1467064

Öz

This study investigates the complex dynamics between social media addiction, self-perception, and self-esteem amidst the pervasive influence of digital platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and X on identity and mental health. Employing a survey methodology with a diverse sample of 388 participants, our research uncovers significant correlations that highlight how excessive engagement with social media correlates with altered self-perceptions and reduced self-esteem. Specifically, findings indicate gender-specific differences in social media addiction, with males exhibiting higher levels of addiction. Additionally, younger users and those with higher educational attainment reported increased psychological distress linked to social media use. These results underscore the dual role of social media, serving both as a tool for enhanced connectivity and a potential source of psychological strain. The study emphasizes the need for targeted educational and policy-based interventions aimed at promoting healthier social media habits among users. Recommendations include developing digital literacy programs that foster critical engagement with social media content and creating support mechanisms for users experiencing negative psychological impacts. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the psychological effects of social media, offering valuable insights for users, policymakers, and mental health professionals to mitigate adverse outcomes and harness the positive potential of digital interactions in our increasingly connected society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Media Addiction Self-Perception Self-Esteem Digital Age Psychological Well-being

Kaynakça

  • Acar, I. H., Avcılar, G., Yazıcı, G., & Bostancı, S. (2022). The roles of adolescents’ emotional problems and social media addiction on their self-esteem. Current Psychology, 41(10), 6838-6847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01174-5
  • Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
  • Bailey, E. R., Matz, S. C., Youyou, W., & Iyengar, S. S. (2020). Authentic self-expression on social media is associated with greater subjective well-being. Nature Communications, 11(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18539-w Benson, V., Hand, C., & Hartshorne, R. (2019). How compulsive use of social media affects performance: insights from the UK by purpose of use. Behaviour and Information Technology, 38(6), 549-563. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1539518
  • Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014). Online communication, social media and adolescent wellbeing: A systematic narrative review. Children and Youth Services Review, 41, 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.001
  • Bettmann, J. E., Anstadt, G., Casselman, B., & Ganesh, K. (2021). Young adult depression and anxiety linked to social media use: Assessment and treatment. Clinical Social Work Journal, 49, 368-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-020-00752-1
  • Cheng, C., Lau, Y. C., Chan, L., & Luk, J. W. (2021). Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values. Addictive Behaviors, 117, 106845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106845
  • Chou, H. T. G., & Edge, N. (2012). “They are happier and having better lives than I am”: the impact of using Facebook on perceptions of others' lives. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(2), 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0324
  • Cingel, D. P., Carter, M. C., & Krause, H. V. (2022). Social media and self-esteem. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101304
  • Çınaroğlu, M. (2024). Kas dismorfisi mercek altinda: sınıflandırmadan yeni ilişkilendirmelere. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1401604
  • Colak, M., Bingol, O. S., & Dayi, A. (2023). Self-esteem and social media addiction level in adolescents: The mediating role of body image. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 65(5), 595-600. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_306_22
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  • Günüç, S. (2009). İnternet bağımlılık ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve bazı demografik değişkenler ile internet bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi (Master's thesis) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüzüncü Yüzyıl Üniversitesi.
  • Günüç, S., & Kayri, M. (2010). Türkiye’de internet bağımlılık profili ve internet bağımlılık ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(39), 220-232.
  • Haand, R., & Shuwang, Z. (2020). The relationship between social media addiction and depression: a quantitative study among university students in Khost, Afghanistan. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 780-786. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2020.1741407
  • Hassan, K., & Afzal, S. (2022). Social-media usage, self-esteem and self-concept in young adults. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 7(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2022-71001
  • Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576-586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316660340
  • Hjetland, G. J., Skogen, J. C., Hysing, M., & Sivertsen, B. (2021). The association between self-reported screen time, social media addiction, and sleep among Norwegian University students. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 794307. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.794307
  • Kaplan, V., Düken, M. E., Kaçkin, Ö., & Almazan, J. (2023). An Investigation of Adolescents' Social Media Use and Self-Perceptions in the Framework of Peer Bullying. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 5(1), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.47679/jopp.515102023
  • Kemal, E. R., Solmaz, U., & Yildiz, E. İşyerinde Sosyal Medya Kullanimi Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanmasi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(44), 1105-1132.
  • Kılıç M. (1991). Belirti Tarama Listesi (SCL-90-R)'nin geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 1(2), 45-52.
  • Kolawole, A. A., Ladipo, S. O., & Adepoju, T. O. (2015). Do social media utilisation and addiction influence undergraduate students' self-perception? A case Study of University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 6(7), 271-277. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC174504
  • Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Sheppes, G., Costello, C. K., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2021). Social media and well-being: Pitfalls, progress, and next steps. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(1), 55-66.
  • Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030311
  • Lai, F., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Shan, S., Chen, J., & Tian, L. (2023). Relationship between social media use and social anxiety in college students: Mediation effect of communication capacity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043657
  • Laughlin, K. (2020). Instagram Use and Social Comparison (Doctoral Thesis) Indiana University. Marttila, E., Koivula, A., & Räsänen, P. (2021). Does excessive social media use decrease subjective well-being? A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between problematic use, loneliness and life satisfaction. Telematics and Informatics, 59, 101556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101556
  • McCrae, N., Gettings, S., & Purssell, E. (2017). Social media and depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review. Adolescent Research Review, 2, 315-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-017-0053-4
  • Merino, M., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., Villanueva-Tobaldo, C. V., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2024). Body perceptions and psychological well-being: A review of the impact of social media and physical measurements on self-esteem and mental health with a focus on body image satisfaction and its relationship with cultural and gender factors. Healthcare, 12(14), 1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141396
  • Monks, H., Costello, L., Dare, J., & Reid Boyd, E. (2021). “We’re continually comparing ourselves to something”: Navigating body image, media, and social media ideals at the nexus of appearance, health, and wellness. Sex Roles, 84(3), 221-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01162-w
  • Montag, C., Yang, H., & Elhai, J. D. (2021). On the psychology of TikTok use: A first glimpse from empirical findings. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 641673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.641673
  • Moreno, M., Riddle, K., Jenkins, M. C., Singh, A. P., Zhao, Q., & Eickhoff, J. (2022). Measuring problematic internet use, internet gaming disorder, and social media addiction in young adults: cross-sectional survey study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 8(1), e27719. https://doi.org/10.2196/27719
  • Nagatsu, M., & Salmela, M. (2023). Interpersonal and collective affective niche construction: Empirical and normative perspectives on social media. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 14(4), 1169-1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-022-00625-1
  • O’Day, E. B., & Heimberg, R. G. (2021). Social media use, social anxiety, and loneliness: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3, 100070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100070
  • Ostic, D., Qalati, S. A., Barbosa, B., Shah, S. M. M., Galvan Vela, E., Herzallah, A. M., & Liu, F. (2021). Effects of social media use on psychological well-being: a mediated model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 678766. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678766
  • Parry, D. A., Fisher, J. T., Mieczkowski, H., Sewall, C. J., & Davidson, B. I. (2022). Social media and well-being: A methodological perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.11.005 Pera, R., Quinton, S., & Baima, G. (2020). I am who I am: Sharing photos on social media by older consumers and its influence on subjective well‐being. Psychology and Marketing, 37(6), 782-795. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21337
  • Primack, B. A., Bisbey, M. A., Shensa, A., Bowman, N. D., Karim, S. A., Knight, J. M., & Sidani, J. E. (2018). The association between valence of social media experiences and depressive symptoms. Depression and Anxiety, 35(8), 784-794. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22779
  • Primack, B. A., Karim, S. A., Shensa, A., Bowman, N., Knight, J., & Sidani, J. E. (2019). Positive and negative experiences on social media and perceived social isolation. American Journal of Health Promotion, 33(6), 859-868. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117118824196
  • Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., & James, A. E. (2017). Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among US young adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.013
  • Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Escobar-Viera, C. G., & Fine, M. J. (2021). Temporal associations between social media use and depression. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60(2), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.09.014
  • Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Whaite, E. O., yi Lin, L., Rosen, D., ... & Miller, E. (2017). Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the US. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010
  • Ryan, T., Allen, K. A., Gray, D. L., & McInerney, D. M. (2017). How social are social media? A review of online social behaviour and connectedness. Journal of Relationships Research, 8, e8. https://doi.org/10.1017/jrr.2017.13
  • Ryding, F. C., & Kuss, D. J. (2020). The use of social networking sites, body image dissatisfaction, and body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review of psychological research. Psychology of Popular Media, 9(4), 412. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000264
  • Sireli, O., Dayi, A., & Colak, M. (2023). The mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between problematic social media use and self-esteem in youth. Cognitive Processing, 24(4), 575-584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-023-01155-z
  • Sirola, A., Kaakinen, M., Savolainen, I., Paek, H. J., Zych, I., & Oksanen, A. (2021). Online identities and social influence in social media gambling exposure: A four-country study on young people. Telematics and Informatics, 60, 101582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101582
  • Spears, R. (2021). Social influence and group identity. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 367-390. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-070620-111818
  • Stănculescu, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Social media addiction profiles and their antecedents using latent profile analysis: The contribution of social anxiety, gender, and age. Telematics and Informatics, 74, 101879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101879
  • Sujarwoto, Saputri, R. A. M., & Yumarni, T. (2023). Social media addiction and mental health among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 21(1), 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00582-3
  • Sümen, A., & Evgin, D. (2021). Social media addiction in high school students: a cross-sectional study examining its relationship with sleep quality and psychological problems. Child Indicators Research, 14(6), 2265-2283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-021-09838-9
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  • Uhls, Y. T., Ellison, N. B., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2017). Benefits and costs of social media in adolescence. Pediatrics, 140(2), S67-S70. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1758E
  • Usluel, Y., Demir, Ö., & Cinar, M. (2014). Sosyal ağların kullanım amaçları ölçeği. Eğitim Teknolojileri Araştırma Dergisi, 5(2).
  • Uyaroğlu, A. K., Ergin, E., Tosun, A. S., & Erdem, Ö. (2022). A cross‐sectional study of social media addiction and social and emotional loneliness in university students in Turkey. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(4), 2263-2271. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.13056
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  • Verduyn, P., Lee, D. S., Park, J., Shablack, H., Orvell, A., Bayer, J., ... & Kross, E. (2015). Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being: Experimental and longitudinal evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(2), 480.
  • Wong, H. Y., Mo, H. Y., Potenza, M. N., Chan, M. N. M., Lau, W. M., Chui, T. K., ... & Lin, C. Y. (2020). Relationships between severity of internet gaming disorder, severity of problematic social media use, sleep quality and psychological distress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 1879. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061879
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Öğrenme, Motivasyon ve Duygu, Sosyal Biliş, Psikopatoloji
Bölüm PSİKOLOJİ
Yazarlar

Metin Çınaroğlu 0000-0001-6342-3949

Merve Aktarli 0009-0008-8963-8866

Eda Yılmazer 0009-0009-3377-5025

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çınaroğlu, M., Aktarli, M., & Yılmazer, E. (2025). The impact of social media addiction on self-esteem and self-perception. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 15(2), 994-1018. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1467064
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