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Understanding mother's guilt in mothers with infants aged 6-36 months

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 926 - 947, 29.06.2025

Kadriye Özyazıcı , Emine Şentürk

Öz

Feelings of guilt as a result of negative evaluations in the parenting process are quite common. Especially women evaluate themselves with the basic criteria of being a good mother. Women's self-evaluation process may involve comparison with perceived community standards. Over time, women can set ideal motherhood standards for themselves. It has been observed that there are few studies in the literature examining the feelings of guilt experienced by mothers. For this reason, it was aimed to understand the experiences of mothers with 0-3 year old babies regarding maternal delinquency. It is aimed to examine the views of mothers about when they feel guilty in their journey of parenthood that starts with having a baby, the factors that cause them to feel guilty, and how they cope with this feeling of guilt when they feel guilty. For this purpose, the study was designed in a phenomenological analysis pattern in order to investigate the experiences of the mothers directly and in-depth and to reveal the results in an explanatory way. The study group consists of mothers who have babies with normal development in the 0-3 age period and live together as parents. Its participants consisted of 10 mothers aged between 29 and 35 and of similar socioeconomic status. Participants made personal statements about their experiences, maternal guilt levels, and parenting behaviors. According to the findings of the study, it was observed that mothers felt guilty when they thought that they could not spend enough and quality time when they were away from their babies, especially when they had a baby, to take care of the baby adequately, to behave inappropriately towards the baby, and to be away from their babies when they started working life. It has been seen that the close environment and social media are an important factor in mothers' feeling of guilt. It was concluded that by sharing with the baby with guilt, they used coping strategies such as the social support of the close environment and the individual well-being of the mother. The findings obtained as a result of the research were discussed within the framework of the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

mother baby guilt phenomenological analysis qualitative research

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

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6-36 aylık bebeği olan annelerde anne suçluluğunu anlamak

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 926 - 947, 29.06.2025

Kadriye Özyazıcı , Emine Şentürk

Öz

Ebeveynlik sürecinde olumsuz değerlendirmelerin bir sonucu olarak suçluluk duygusu oldukça yaygındır. Özellikle kadınlar kendilerini iyi anne olmanın temel ölçütleri ile değerlendirmektir. Kadınların kendini değerlendirme süreci algılanan toplum standartları ile karşılaştırılmayı içerebilmektedir. Kadınlar zamanla kendi kendine ideal annelik standartları belirleyebilmektedir. Literatürde annelerin yaşadıkları suçluluk duygusunu inceleyen az sayıda araştırma olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle çalışma ile 0-3 yaş bebeği olan annelerin anne suçluluğu ilişkin deneyimlerini anlamak amaçlanmıştır. Annelerin bebek sahibi olmak ile başlayan ebeveynlik yolculuğunda suçluluk duygusunu hissettiği zamanlar, suçluluk hissetmesine neden olan faktörler, suçluluk duygusu hissettiğinde bu suçluluk duygusuyla nasıl başa çıktıklarına dair görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda annelerin deneyimlerinin doğrudan, derinlemesine araştırılmasını ve sonuçlarının açıklayıcı biçimde ortaya koyulabilmek için çalışma fenomenolojik analiz desende tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma grubu 0-3 yaş döneminde normal gelişim gösteren bebeği olan ve ebeveynler olarak birlikte yaşayan anneler oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıları 29 ila 35 yaşları arasında ve benzer sosyoekonomik düzeye sahip 10 anneden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar deneyimleri, annelik suçluluk düzeyleri ve ebeveynlik davranışları hakkında kişisel bildirimlerde bulunmuşlardır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre anneler, bebek sahibi olduklarında özellikle bebeğin bakımını yeterince karşılama, bebeğe karşı uygun olmayan davranışlarda bulunma, çalışma yaşamına başladıklarında bebeklerinden uzak kaldıklarında yeterli ve kaliteli vakit geçiremediklerini düşündüklerinde suçluluk hissettikleri görülmüştür. Annelerin suçluluk hissi yaşamasında yakın çevre ve sosyal medyanın önemli bir faktör oluşturdu görülmüştür. Suçlulukla bebek ile paylaşımda bulunarak, yakın çevrenin sosyal desteği ve annenin bireysel iyi oluşu gibi baş etme stratejileri kullandıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ulaşılan bulgular literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anne bebek suçluluk fenomenolojik analiz nitel araştırma

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

  • Aarntzen, L., Derks, B., Van Steenbergen, E., Ryan, M., & Van der Lippe, T. (2019). Work-family guilt as a straightjacket. An interview and diary study on consequences of mothers' work-family guilt. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 115, 103336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103336
  • Abetz, J., & Moore, J. (2018). “Welcome to the mommy wars, ladies”: Making sense of the ıdeology of combative mothering in mommy blogs.” Communication, Culture and Critique, 11(2), 265-281. https://doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcy008
  • Adler, R. H. (2022). Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Human Lactation, 38(4), 598-602. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344221116620
  • Appleton, J., Laws, R., Russell, C. G., Fowler, C., Campbell, K. J., & Denney Wilson, E. (2018). Infant formula feeding practices and the role of advice and support: An exploratory qualitative study. BMC Pediatrics, 18(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-017-0977-7
  • Barrett, D., & Twycross, A. (2018). Data collection in qualitative research. Evidence-Based Nursing, 21(3), 63-64. http://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2018-102939
  • Baş, T., & Akturan, U. (2017). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Sosyal bilimlerde bilgisayar destekli. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Bean, C., & Wimbs, R. L. (2021). Running from (with) mom guilt: Exploring experiences of being a mother and training for and running marathons. Leisure, 45(2), 245-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2021.1874831
  • Beck, C. T. (1996). Postpartum depressed mothers' experiences interacting with their children. Nursing Research, 45(2), 98-104. https://journals.lww.com/nursingresearchonline.
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  • Brodribb, W., Fallon, T., Jackson, C., & Hegney, D. (2010). Attitudes to infant feeding decision-making-a mixed-methods study of Australian medical students and registrars. Breastfeeding Review, 18(1), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.011851551334236
  • Budds, K. (2021). Validating social support and prioritizing maternal wellbeing: Beyond intensive mothering and maternal responsibility. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 376(1827), 20200029. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0029
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  • Clapton Caputo, E., Sweet, L., & Muller, A. (2021). A qualitative study of expectations and experiences of women using a social media support group when exclusively expressing breastmilk to feed their infant. Women and Birth, 34(4), 370-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.06.010
  • Collins, C. (2021). Is maternal guilt a cross-national experience? Qualitative Sociology, 44(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-020-09451-2
  • Constantinou, G., Varela, S., & Buckby, B. (2021). Reviewing the experiences of maternal guilt the “Motherhood Myth” influence. Health Care for Women International, 42(4-6), 852-876. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1835917
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  • Creswell, J. W. (2021). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni. (M. Bütün & S. Demir, Çev. Ed.). Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Crossley, M. L. (2009). Breastfeeding as a moral imperative: An autoethnographic study. Feminism & Psychology, 19(1), 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/095935350809862
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  • Derella, O. J., & Milan, S. (2021). I felt like a terrible mom: Parenting-related cognitive processes maintaining maternal depression. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30, 2427-2439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02053-8
  • Dykes, F., & Flacking, R. (2010). Encouraging breastfeeding: A relational perspective. Early Human Development, 86(11), 733-736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.08.004
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  • Ericson, J., & Palmér, L. (2019). Mothers of preterm infants’ experiences of breastfeeding support in the first 12 months after birth: A qualitative study. Birth, 46(1), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12383
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  • Fallon, V., Komninou, S., Bennett, K. M., Halford, J. C., & Harrold, J. A. (2017). The emotional and practical experiences of formula‐feeding mothers. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 13(4), e12392. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12392
  • Forbes, L. K., Donovan, C., & Lamar, M. R. (2019). Differences in intensive parenting attitudes and gender norms among US mothers. The Family Journal Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 28(1), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/10664807198939
  • Fox, J., & Moreland, J. J. (2015). The dark side of social networking sites: An exploration of the relational and psychological stressors associated with Facebook use and affordances. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.083
  • Fox, R., McMullen, S., & Newburn, M. (2015). UK women’s experiences of breastfeeding and additional breastfeeding support: A qualitative study of Baby Café services. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12878
  • Ghafouri, R., & Ofoghi, S. (2016). Trustworth and rigor in qualitative research. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 7(4), 1914-1922. https://doaj.org/article/749bc13123854459b9d6db96fce146cd.
  • Gibson, C. L. (2019). Enacting motherhood online: How Facebook and mommy blogs reinforce white ıdeologies of the new momism. Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics, 3(1-2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.20897/femenc/5912
  • Gilbert, P. (2011). Shame in psychotherapy and the role of compassion focussed therapy. In R. L. Dearing & J. Tangney (Ed.), Shame in the therapy hour (pp. 254-325). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12326-014
  • Goodwin, S., & Huppatz, K. (2010). The good mother in theory and research: In Anoverview. S. Goodwin, & K. Huppatz (Ed.), The good mother: Contemporary motherhoods in Australia (pp. 1-25). Sydney University Press.
  • Hayashi, P., Abib, G., & Hoppen, N. (2019). Validity in qualitative research: A processual approach. The Qualitative Report, 24(1), 98-112. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2019.3443
  • Henderson, A., Harmon, S., & Newman, H. (2016). The price mothers pay, even when they are not buying it: Mental health consequences of idealized motherhood. Sex Roles, 74, 512-526. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0581-5
  • Hillier, K. M. (2020). Experiences of maternal guilt and intensive mothering ideologies in graduate student mothers, faculty, and sessional instructors. Journal of Motherhood Studies, 5. https://jourms.org/experiences-of-maternal-guilt-and-intensive-mothering-ideologies-in-graduate-student-mothers-faculty-and-sessional-instructors.
  • Hjálmsdóttir, A., & Bjarnadóttir, V. S. (2021). “I have turned into a foreman here at home”: Families and work life balance in times of COVID‐19 in a gender equality paradise. Gender, Work & Organization, 28(1), 268-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12552
  • Hubert, S., & Aujoulat, I. (2018). Parental burnout: When exhausted mothers open up. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01021
  • Jackson, L., De Pascalis, L., Harrold, J., & Fallon, V. (2021). Guilt, shame, and postpartum infant feeding outcomes: A systematic review. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 17(3), e13141. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13141
  • Janhunen, K., & Rotkirch, A. (2010). Maternal Guilt. Evolutionary Psychology, 8(1), 90-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491000800108
  • Johnson, R., & Waterfield, J. (2004). Making words count: The value of qualitative research. Physiotherapy Research İnternational, 9(3), 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.312
  • Kim, S., Thibodeau, R., & Jorgensen, R. S. (2011). Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 137(1), 68-96. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021466
  • Kirkpatrick, C. E., & Lee, S. (2022). Comparisons to picture-perfect motherhood: How Instagram's idealized portrayals of motherhood affect new mothers' well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 137, 107417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107417
  • Kitto, S. C., Chesters, J., & Grbich, C. (2008). Quality in qualitative research. Medical journal of Australia, 188(4), 243-46. https://www.mja.com.au/system/files/issues/188_04_180208/kit10137_fm.pdf
  • Kronborg, H., Harder, I., & Hall, E. O. (2015). First time mothers' experiences of breastfeeding their newborn. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 6(2), 82-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2014.08.004
  • Kumar, R., & Lal, R. (2006). The Role of Self-Efficacy and Gender Difference among the Adolescents. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013494.ch26
  • Lancer, D. (2015). Freedom from guilt and blame finding self-forgiveness. Carousel Books.
  • Law, N. K., Hall, P. L., & Cheshire, A. (2021). Common negative thoughts in early motherhood and their relationship to guilt, shame and depression. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(8), 1831-1845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-01968-6
  • LeBeau, C. S. (2013). Maternal guilt: An existential phenomenological study of the early experiences of first-time mothers [Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University]. Duquesne Scholarship Colletion. https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/808
  • Lee, E., & Furedi, F. (2005). Mothers’ experience of, and attitudes to, using infant formula in the early months. School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, 1-93. http://www.kent.ac.uk/sspssr
  • Lester, J. N., Cho, Y., & Lochmiller, C. R. (2020). Learning to do qualitative data analysis: A starting point. Human Resource Development Review, 19(1), 94-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484320903890
  • Hilbrecht, M., Shaw, S.M., Johnson, L.C., & Andrey, J. (2008). ‘I’m home for the kids’: Contradictory implications for work life balance of teleworking mothers. Gender, Work and Organization, 15 (5). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00413.x
  • Maclean, E. I., Andrew, B., & Eivers, A. (2021). The motherload: Predicting experiences of work-interfering-with-family guilt in working mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30, 169-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01852-9
  • Malterud, K., Siersma, V. D., & Guassora, A. D. (2015). Sample size in qualitative interview studies: Guided by information power. Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1753-1760. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315617444
  • Meadows, S. O. (2011). The association between perceptions of social support and maternal mental health: A cumulative perspective. Journal of Family Issues, 32(2), 181-208 https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10375064.
  • Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (2019). Genişletilmiş bir kaynak: Nitel veri analizi. (S. Akbaba Altun & A. Ersoy, Çev. Ed.). Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Milkie, M. A., Nomaguchi, K. M., & Denny, K. E. (2015). Does the amount of time mothers spend with children or adolescents matter? Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(2), 355-372. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12170
  • Morrow, S. L. (2005). Quality and trustworthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 250. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.250
  • Murphy, E. (1999). ‘Breast is best’: Infant feeding decisions and maternal deviance. Sociology of Health & İllness, 21(2), 187-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.00149
  • Niedenthal, P. M., Tangney, J. P., & Gavanski, I. (1994). “If only I weren't” versus “If only I hadn't”: Distinguishing shame and guilt in counterfactual thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 585-595. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.585
  • Niles, A. N., & O’Donovan, A. (2019). Comparing anxiety and depression to obesity and smoking as predictors of major medical illnesses and somatic symptoms. Health Psychology, 38(2), 172-181. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000707
  • Öke Karakaya, P., Sönmez, S., & Aşık, E. (2021). A phenomenological study of nurses' experiences with maternal guilt in Turkey. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(8), 2515-2522. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13401
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Çev. Ed.). Pegem Akademi.
  • Paulson, J. F., Keefe, H. A., & Leiferman, J. A. (2009). Early parental depression and child language development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(3), 254-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01973.x
  • Prikhidko, A., & Swank, J. M. (2018). Motherhood experiences and expectations: A qualitative exploration of mothers of toddlers. The Family Journal, 26(3), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480718795116
  • Reid, K. M., & Taylor, M. G. (2015). Social support, stress, and maternal postpartum depression: A comparison of supportive relationships. Social Science Research, 54, 246-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.009
  • Rotkirch, A., & Janhunen, K. (2010). Maternal guilt. Evolutionary Psychology, 8(1), 147470491000800108. https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049100080010
  • Saldaña, J. (2009). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage Publications.
  • Sánchez Rodríguez, R., Callahan, S., & Séjourné, N. (2020). Development and preliminary validation of the Maternal Burnout Scale (MBS) in a French sample of mothers: Bifactorial structure, reliability, and validity. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 23, 573-583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-019-00993-1
  • Sánchez Rodríguez, R., Orsini, É., Laflaquière, E., Callahan, S., & Séjourné, N. (2019). Depression, anxiety, and guilt in mothers with burnout of preschool and school-aged children: Insight from a cluster analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 259, 244-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.031
  • Schmied, V., Beake, S., Sheehan, A., McCourt, C., & Dykes, F. (2011). Women’s perceptions and experiences of breastfeeding support: A metasynthesis. Birth, 38(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536X.2010.0446.x
  • Schrag, A., & Schmidt Tieszen, A. (2014). Social support networks of single young mothers. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 31, 315-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-013-0324-2
  • Seagram, S., & Daniluk, J. C. (2002). “It Goes with the Territory” The Meaning and Experience of Maternal Guilt for Mothers of Preadolescent Children. Women & Therapy, 25(1), 61-88. https://doi.org/10.1300/J015v25n01_04
  • Séjourné, N., Sanchez Rodriguez, R., Leboullenger, A., & Callahan, S. (2018). Maternal burn-out: An exploratory study. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 36(3), 276-288. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2018.1437896
  • Sirois, F. M., Bögels, S., & Emerson, L. M. (2019). Self-compassion improves parental well-being in response to challenging parenting events. The Journal of Psychology, 153(3), 327-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2018.1523123
  • Smith, J. A. (2004). Reflecting on the development of interpretative phenomenological analysis and its contribution to qualitative research in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088704qp004oa
  • Snyder, K. A. (2007). A vocabulary of motives: Understanding how parents define quality time. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 320-340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00368.x
  • Sutherland, J. A. (2010). Mothering, guilt and shame. Sociology Compass, 4(5), 310-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00283.x
  • Tangney, J. P. (1995). Shame and guilt in interpersonal relationships. In J. P. Tangney & K. W. Fischer (Ed.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment and pride (pp. 114-139). Guilford Press.
  • Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2003). Shame and guilt. Guilford Press.
  • Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345-372 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145
  • Thomas, E. & Magilvy, J. K. (2011). Qualitative Rigor or Research Validity in Qualitative Research, Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 16, 151- 155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00283.x
  • Thomson, G., Ebisch Burton, K., & Flacking, R. (2015). Shame if you do shame if you don't: Women's experiences of infant feeding. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 11(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12148
  • Tohme, P., & Abi Habib, R. (2022). Correlates of work productivity and maternal competence after having a baby: The roles of mother-infant bonding and maternal subjective experiences. BMC Women's Health, 22(1), 392. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01958-w
  • Tummala Narra, P. (2009). Contemporary impingements on mothering. The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 69(1), 4-21. https://doi.org/10.1057/ajp.2008.37
  • Tutar, H. (2022). Nitel Araştırmalarda Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik: Bir Model Önerisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22 (Özel Sayı 2), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1227323
  • Uysal Irak, D., Kalkışım, K., & Yıldırım, M. (2020). Emotional support makes the difference: Work-family conflict and employment related guilt among employed mothers. Sex Roles, 82, 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-019-01035-x
  • Wegener, C., Jage-D’Aprile, F., & Plumeier, L. (2022). Motherhood in social media: Phenomena and consequences of the professionalization of mothers and their media (self) representation. Feminist Media Studies, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2022.2108479
  • Whitehead, D., Dilworth, S., & Higgins, I. (2007). Common qualitative methods. In D. Whitehead, C. Ferguson, G. Lobiondo Wood & J. Haber (Ed.), Nursing and Midwifery Research: Methods and appraisal for evidence-based practice (pp. 105-121). Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zwedberg, S., Blomquist, J., & Sigerstad, E. (2015). Midwives׳ experiences with mother infant skin to skin contact after a caesarean section: Fighting an uphill battle. Midwifery, 31(1), 215-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2014.08.014
Toplam 92 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Aile ve Hanehalkı Çalışmaları
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Kadriye Özyazıcı 0000-0003-2559-5816

Emine Şentürk 0000-0002-1288-569X

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özyazıcı, K., & Şentürk, E. (2025). Understanding mother’s guilt in mothers with infants aged 6-36 months. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(2), 926-947. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1269844
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