A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy

Mevlüde Alev Ateş; Pelin Acar; Seher Karaman

doi:10.47495/okufbed.1591575

Araştırma Makalesi

BibTex

RIS

Kaynak Göster

A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 1370 - 1383, 16.06.2025

Mevlüde Alev Ateş , Pelin Acar , Seher Karaman

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1591575

Öz

Astragalus L. is regarded as the most extensive genus of vascular plants globally, encompassing around 3092 species and distributed across Eurasia and the America. Türkiye hosts 493 species categorized into 63 distinct taxonomic groups. This study examines the restricted molecular diversity studies pertaining to the sections of the genus Astragalus. The study primarily investigated ten (10) Astragalus taxa indigenous to Türkiye. The Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was utilized to evaluate the existence of genetic polymorphisms. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sections Anthylloidei DC (A. anthylloides, A. halicacabus, and A. ermineus), Macrophyllium Bunge (A. oleifolius and A. dipodurus), and Hymenostegis Bunge (A. lagopoides, A. velenowskyi, and A. hirticalyx) are closely related, whereas the sections Poterion Bunge (A. russelli) and Hymenocoleus Bunge (A. vaginans) are situated in distinct locations. This project seeks to enhance the molecular characterization of Astragalus taxa, create molecular biodiversity inventories, and elucidate phylogenetic relationships. The results concerning genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships bear substantial implications for future research and underscore Astragalus species that possess economic significance in diverse domains, such as traditional medicine, agriculture, and landscaping.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Astragalus L., Genetic variation, RAPD, Türkiye

Proje Numarası

BAP Ahi Evran ZRT.A4.22.011

Kaynakça

Ateş MA. Molecular phylogenetic relationships of six Astragalus L. sections (Halicacabus, Megalocystis, Macrophyllium, Hymenostegis, Hymenocoleous, Poterion) native to Turkey based on cpDNA and nDNA Regions. Doktora Tezi, Middle East Technical University 2017; Ankara, Türkiye.
Anand KK., Srivastava RK., Chaudhary LB., Singh AK. Delimitation of species of the Astragalus rhizanthus complex (Fabaceae) using molecular markers RAPD, ISSR and DAMD. Taiwania 2010; 55(3): 197-207.
Aytaç Z., Ekici M., Akan H. Astragalus L-In: Güner A., Aslan S., Ekim T., Vural M., Babaç MT. (eds), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler) (List of Turkish plants {vascular plants}). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, 2012; 427–456, İstanbul.
Aytaç Z., Çeçen Ö., Fişne A. Astragalus sertavulensis (sect. Onobrychoidei/Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 2020; 38(9).
Bagheri A. Taxonomical study of the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae) in the Zanjan Province, Iran. Tarbiat Moallem University 2009; Tehran, İran.
Bagheri A., Maassoumi AA., Rahiminejad MR., Brassac J., Blattner FR. Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Astragalus section Hymenostegis: An analysis of a rapidly diversifying species group in Fabaceae. Scientific Reports 2017; 7: 14033.
Chaudhary LB., Rana TS., Anand KK. Current status of the systematics of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) with special reference to the Himalayan species in India. Taiwania 2008; 53: 338-355.
Çeçen Ö., Aytaç Z., Mısırdalı H. Astragalus unalii (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2016; 40(1): 1-8.
Dinç M., Aytaç Z., Doğu S. A new species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2013; 37: 841–846.
Doyle JJ. Rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Photochemical Bulletin 1987; 19: 11-15.
Dönmez AA., Uğurlu Aydın Z. Astragalus ihsancalisii (Fabaceae), a new species from Erzurum Province, Eastern Turkey. Willdenowia 2018; 48(3): 399–404.
Duman H., Aytac Z., Özbek F. Astragalus aybarsii a new species of sect. Onobrychoidei DC.(Fabaceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2020; 44(6): 661-669.
Eldridge DJ., Poore AG., Ruiz-Colmenero M., Letnic M., Soliveres S., Bardgett RD. Soil-foraging animals alter the composition and coexistence of vegetation in an old field system. Ecology 2015; 96(6): 1724-1734.
Fırat M. Astragalus nordizensis (Fabacaea), A new species from Van province (Türkiye) belonging to section Hymenostegis. Nordic Journal of Botany 2024; 2024(2): e04172.
Fırat M. Astragalus miksensis Fırat (Fabaceae), a new species in section Hymenostegis from Van province, Türkiye. Phytotaxa 2024; 641(2): 149-160.
Güner A., Aslan S., Ekim T, Vural M., Babaç MT. Türkiye bitkileri listesi (Damarlı Bitkileri). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını 2012; Istabul.
Huang X., Gao Y., Lan X., Yu L. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Chinese Astragalus (Huangqi): A comprehensive review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2019; 241: 112084.
Hamzaoğlu E. Astragalus askaleensis (sek. Adiaspastus, Fabaceae), Türkiye'den yeni bir tür. Türler Habitatlar 2020; 1: 114–123.
Hamzaoğlu E. Astragalus nallihanicus (sect. Caprini, Fabaceae), a new species from Türkiye. Acta Botanica Croatica 2024; 83(1): 26-31.
Ilcim A., Behçet L. Astragalus topalanense (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2016; 40(1): 74-80.
Jafari M., Rahimi E., Shabani F., Asghari J. Nitrogen fixation potential of Astragalus microcephalus in central Zagros rangelands of Iran. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2018; 41(2): 210-221.
Karaman Erkul S., Çeter T., Aytaç Z. Türkiye'nin Astragalus L. (Leguminosae) cinsine ait poterion bunge seksiyonunun revizyonu. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 2017; 24(1): 1-20.
Karaman Erkul S., Duman H., Ateş MA. Astragalus oksutdagensis (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 2022; 2022(3): 1-12.
Karaman Erkul S., Aytaç Z. Astragalus yukselii (Leguminosae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2013; 37(5): 1-6.
Karaman Erkul S., Aytac Z., Ekici M. Synopsis of the sect. Hymenocoleus, sect. Hymenostegis, and sect. Macrophyllium belonging to Astragalus (Fabaceae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2016; 40(4): 412-418.
Karaman S., Duman H., Evran AH., Aytaç Z. A new record for the flora of Turkey: Astragalus schmalhausenii Bunge (Fabaceae). Herbarium Turcicum 2023; 4: 18–21.
Karp A. Molecular tools in plant genetic resources conservation: a guide to the technologies. Bioversity International; 1997.
Kazempour Osaloo S., Maassoumi AA., Murakani N. Molecular systematics of the genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae): Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers and chloroplast gene ndhF sequences. Plant Systematics and Evolution 2003; 242: 1-32.
Martinez V. Exploring evolutionary relationships of new world astragalus through phylogenomic analyses. Loyola University of Chicago Graduate School 2024; Master Thesis
Moghaddam M., Kazempour Osaloo S., Hosseiny H., Azimi F. Phylogeny and divergence times of the Coluteoid clade with special reference to Colutea (Fabaceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and two cpDNAs, matK and rpl32-trnL(UAG) sequences data. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 2017; 151(6): 1082-1093.
Nebauer SG., del Castillo-Agudo L., Segura J. RAPD variation within and among natural populations of outcrossing willow-leaved foxglove (Digitalis obscura L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 1999; 98(6): 985-994.
Nei M., Li WH. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1979; 76(10): 5269-5273.
POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; https://powo.science.kew.org/ Retrieved 14 March 2025.
Perdereau A., Klaas M., Barth S., Hodkinson TR. Plastid genome sequencing reveals biogeographical structure and extensive population genetic variation in wild populations of Phalaris arundinacea L. in north‐western Europe. Gcb Bioenergy 2017; 9(1): 46-56.
Ranney TG., Eaker TA., Bassuk NL., Whitlow TH. Evaluation of 47 species of native plants for the southeastern United States. HortScience 2014; 49(8): 1000-1008.
Rao RV., Shivashankara KS., Gajanana TM. Forage potential and agronomic evaluation of some Astragalus species. The Journal of Agricultural Science 2018; 10(2): 266-276.
Rohlf J. NTSYS-PC Version 2.11 T. Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Applied Bioestastistics.
Sneath PH. Numerical taxonomy, bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology. Edited by Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM: Springer US 2005;4.
Shahi Shavvon R., Kazempour Osaloo S., Maassoumii AA., Moharrek F., Karaman Erkul S., Lemmon AR., Lemmon EM., Michalak I., Muellner‐Riehl AN., Favre A. Increasing phylogenetic support for explosively radiating taxa: The promise of high‐throughput sequencing for Oxytropis (Fabaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2017; 55(4): 385-404.
Scheunert A., Heubl G. Diversification of Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) in the Western Mediterranean and Macaronesia–Phylogenetic relationships, reticulate evolution and biogeographic patterns. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2014; 70: 296-313.
Taeb F., Uzunhisarcikli ME. Astragalus argentophyllus (Fabaceae), a new species from south Anatolia, Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici 2012; 49(4): 259–262.
Tunçkol B., Aytaç Z., Aksoy N., Fişne A. Astragalus bartinense (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Acta Botanica Croatica 2020; 79(2): 131-136.
Uzun A., Aytac Z., Tülücü F. Astragalus nurhakdagensis (sect. Hololeuce Bunge/Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2021; 45(6): 573-586.
Vos P., Hogers R., Bleeker M., Reijans M., Lee TV., Hornes M., Friters A., Pot J., Paleman J., Kuiper M., Zabeau M. AFLP: A new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Research 1995; 23(21): 4407–4414.
Wojciechowski MF., Sanderson MJ., Baldwin BG., Donoghue MJ. Monophyly of aneuploid Astragalus (Fabaceae): Evidence from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. American Journal of Botany 1993; 80(6): 711-722.
Zarre S., Azani N. Perspectives in taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae): a review. Progress in Biological Sciences 2013; 3(1): 1-6.
Zhang D., Jiang B. Species identification in complex groups of medicinal plants based on DNA barcoding: a case study on Astragalus spp.(Fabaceae) from southwest China. Conservation Genetics Resources 2020; 12(3): 469-478.

Astragalus L. Cinsinin Bazı Taksonlarındaki Genetik Çeşitliliğin RAPD Tekniği ile Araştırılması: Koruma ve Taksonomiye Yönelik Çıkarımlar

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 1370 - 1383, 16.06.2025

Mevlüde Alev Ateş , Pelin Acar , Seher Karaman

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1591575

Öz

Astragalus L., Avrasya ve Amerika'da bulunan, yaklaşık 3092 türden oluşan, dünya çapında en büyük damarlı bitki cinsi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Türkiye 63 farklı taksonomik seksiyona ayrılmış 493 türe ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Astragalus cinsine ait seksiyonlar üzerinde yürütülen sınırlı sayıdaki moleküler çeşitlilik çalışmalarına odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikli olarak Türkiye'de doğal yayılış gösteren 10 (on) Astragalus taksonu üzerinde çalışıldı. Genetik polimorfizmlerin varlığını değerlendirmek için Rastgele Çoğaltılmış Polimorfik DNA (RAPD) tekniği kullanıldı. Elde edilen filogenetik ilişki sonuçlarına göre Anthylloidei DC (A. anthylloides, A. halicacabus ve A. ermineus), Macrophyllium Bunge (A. oleifolius ve A. dipodurus), Hymenostegis Bunge (A. lagopoides, A. velenowskyi ve A. hirticalyx) yakından ilişkili bulunurken, Poterion Bunge (A. russelli) ve Hymenocoleus Bunge (A. vaginans) seksiyonlarının farklı konumlar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmamız, Astragalus taksonlarının moleküler karekterizasyonuna katkıda bulunmayı, moleküler biyoçeşitlilik envanterlerini oluşturmayı ve filogenetik ilişkileri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Genetik çeşitlilik ve filogenetik pozisyonlarına ilişkin bu bulgular, gelecekteki araştırmalar için önemli çıkarımlara sahiptir ve geleneksel tıp, tarım ve peyzaj dahil olmak üzere birçok alanda ekonomik önemi olan Astragalus türlerini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Astragalus L, Genetik çeşitlilik, RAPD, Türkiye

Proje Numarası

BAP Ahi Evran ZRT.A4.22.011

Kaynakça

Ateş MA. Molecular phylogenetic relationships of six Astragalus L. sections (Halicacabus, Megalocystis, Macrophyllium, Hymenostegis, Hymenocoleous, Poterion) native to Turkey based on cpDNA and nDNA Regions. Doktora Tezi, Middle East Technical University 2017; Ankara, Türkiye.
Anand KK., Srivastava RK., Chaudhary LB., Singh AK. Delimitation of species of the Astragalus rhizanthus complex (Fabaceae) using molecular markers RAPD, ISSR and DAMD. Taiwania 2010; 55(3): 197-207.
Aytaç Z., Ekici M., Akan H. Astragalus L-In: Güner A., Aslan S., Ekim T., Vural M., Babaç MT. (eds), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler) (List of Turkish plants {vascular plants}). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, 2012; 427–456, İstanbul.
Aytaç Z., Çeçen Ö., Fişne A. Astragalus sertavulensis (sect. Onobrychoidei/Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 2020; 38(9).
Bagheri A. Taxonomical study of the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae) in the Zanjan Province, Iran. Tarbiat Moallem University 2009; Tehran, İran.
Bagheri A., Maassoumi AA., Rahiminejad MR., Brassac J., Blattner FR. Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Astragalus section Hymenostegis: An analysis of a rapidly diversifying species group in Fabaceae. Scientific Reports 2017; 7: 14033.
Chaudhary LB., Rana TS., Anand KK. Current status of the systematics of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) with special reference to the Himalayan species in India. Taiwania 2008; 53: 338-355.
Çeçen Ö., Aytaç Z., Mısırdalı H. Astragalus unalii (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2016; 40(1): 1-8.
Dinç M., Aytaç Z., Doğu S. A new species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2013; 37: 841–846.
Doyle JJ. Rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Photochemical Bulletin 1987; 19: 11-15.
Dönmez AA., Uğurlu Aydın Z. Astragalus ihsancalisii (Fabaceae), a new species from Erzurum Province, Eastern Turkey. Willdenowia 2018; 48(3): 399–404.
Duman H., Aytac Z., Özbek F. Astragalus aybarsii a new species of sect. Onobrychoidei DC.(Fabaceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2020; 44(6): 661-669.
Eldridge DJ., Poore AG., Ruiz-Colmenero M., Letnic M., Soliveres S., Bardgett RD. Soil-foraging animals alter the composition and coexistence of vegetation in an old field system. Ecology 2015; 96(6): 1724-1734.
Fırat M. Astragalus nordizensis (Fabacaea), A new species from Van province (Türkiye) belonging to section Hymenostegis. Nordic Journal of Botany 2024; 2024(2): e04172.
Fırat M. Astragalus miksensis Fırat (Fabaceae), a new species in section Hymenostegis from Van province, Türkiye. Phytotaxa 2024; 641(2): 149-160.
Güner A., Aslan S., Ekim T, Vural M., Babaç MT. Türkiye bitkileri listesi (Damarlı Bitkileri). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını 2012; Istabul.
Huang X., Gao Y., Lan X., Yu L. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Chinese Astragalus (Huangqi): A comprehensive review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2019; 241: 112084.
Hamzaoğlu E. Astragalus askaleensis (sek. Adiaspastus, Fabaceae), Türkiye'den yeni bir tür. Türler Habitatlar 2020; 1: 114–123.
Hamzaoğlu E. Astragalus nallihanicus (sect. Caprini, Fabaceae), a new species from Türkiye. Acta Botanica Croatica 2024; 83(1): 26-31.
Ilcim A., Behçet L. Astragalus topalanense (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2016; 40(1): 74-80.
Jafari M., Rahimi E., Shabani F., Asghari J. Nitrogen fixation potential of Astragalus microcephalus in central Zagros rangelands of Iran. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2018; 41(2): 210-221.
Karaman Erkul S., Çeter T., Aytaç Z. Türkiye'nin Astragalus L. (Leguminosae) cinsine ait poterion bunge seksiyonunun revizyonu. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 2017; 24(1): 1-20.
Karaman Erkul S., Duman H., Ateş MA. Astragalus oksutdagensis (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 2022; 2022(3): 1-12.
Karaman Erkul S., Aytaç Z. Astragalus yukselii (Leguminosae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2013; 37(5): 1-6.
Karaman Erkul S., Aytac Z., Ekici M. Synopsis of the sect. Hymenocoleus, sect. Hymenostegis, and sect. Macrophyllium belonging to Astragalus (Fabaceae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2016; 40(4): 412-418.
Karaman S., Duman H., Evran AH., Aytaç Z. A new record for the flora of Turkey: Astragalus schmalhausenii Bunge (Fabaceae). Herbarium Turcicum 2023; 4: 18–21.
Karp A. Molecular tools in plant genetic resources conservation: a guide to the technologies. Bioversity International; 1997.
Kazempour Osaloo S., Maassoumi AA., Murakani N. Molecular systematics of the genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae): Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers and chloroplast gene ndhF sequences. Plant Systematics and Evolution 2003; 242: 1-32.
Martinez V. Exploring evolutionary relationships of new world astragalus through phylogenomic analyses. Loyola University of Chicago Graduate School 2024; Master Thesis
Moghaddam M., Kazempour Osaloo S., Hosseiny H., Azimi F. Phylogeny and divergence times of the Coluteoid clade with special reference to Colutea (Fabaceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and two cpDNAs, matK and rpl32-trnL(UAG) sequences data. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 2017; 151(6): 1082-1093.
Nebauer SG., del Castillo-Agudo L., Segura J. RAPD variation within and among natural populations of outcrossing willow-leaved foxglove (Digitalis obscura L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 1999; 98(6): 985-994.
Nei M., Li WH. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1979; 76(10): 5269-5273.
POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; https://powo.science.kew.org/ Retrieved 14 March 2025.
Perdereau A., Klaas M., Barth S., Hodkinson TR. Plastid genome sequencing reveals biogeographical structure and extensive population genetic variation in wild populations of Phalaris arundinacea L. in north‐western Europe. Gcb Bioenergy 2017; 9(1): 46-56.
Ranney TG., Eaker TA., Bassuk NL., Whitlow TH. Evaluation of 47 species of native plants for the southeastern United States. HortScience 2014; 49(8): 1000-1008.
Rao RV., Shivashankara KS., Gajanana TM. Forage potential and agronomic evaluation of some Astragalus species. The Journal of Agricultural Science 2018; 10(2): 266-276.
Rohlf J. NTSYS-PC Version 2.11 T. Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Applied Bioestastistics.
Sneath PH. Numerical taxonomy, bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology. Edited by Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM: Springer US 2005;4.
Shahi Shavvon R., Kazempour Osaloo S., Maassoumii AA., Moharrek F., Karaman Erkul S., Lemmon AR., Lemmon EM., Michalak I., Muellner‐Riehl AN., Favre A. Increasing phylogenetic support for explosively radiating taxa: The promise of high‐throughput sequencing for Oxytropis (Fabaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2017; 55(4): 385-404.
Scheunert A., Heubl G. Diversification of Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) in the Western Mediterranean and Macaronesia–Phylogenetic relationships, reticulate evolution and biogeographic patterns. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2014; 70: 296-313.
Taeb F., Uzunhisarcikli ME. Astragalus argentophyllus (Fabaceae), a new species from south Anatolia, Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici 2012; 49(4): 259–262.
Tunçkol B., Aytaç Z., Aksoy N., Fişne A. Astragalus bartinense (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Acta Botanica Croatica 2020; 79(2): 131-136.
Uzun A., Aytac Z., Tülücü F. Astragalus nurhakdagensis (sect. Hololeuce Bunge/Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 2021; 45(6): 573-586.
Vos P., Hogers R., Bleeker M., Reijans M., Lee TV., Hornes M., Friters A., Pot J., Paleman J., Kuiper M., Zabeau M. AFLP: A new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Research 1995; 23(21): 4407–4414.
Wojciechowski MF., Sanderson MJ., Baldwin BG., Donoghue MJ. Monophyly of aneuploid Astragalus (Fabaceae): Evidence from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. American Journal of Botany 1993; 80(6): 711-722.
Zarre S., Azani N. Perspectives in taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae): a review. Progress in Biological Sciences 2013; 3(1): 1-6.
Zhang D., Jiang B. Species identification in complex groups of medicinal plants based on DNA barcoding: a case study on Astragalus spp.(Fabaceae) from southwest China. Conservation Genetics Resources 2020; 12(3): 469-478.

Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Bitki Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri (RESEARCH ARTICLES)
Yazarlar	Mevlüde Alev Ateş 0000-0002-2141-5438 Pelin Acar 0000-0001-8383-9431 Seher Karaman
Proje Numarası	BAP Ahi Evran ZRT.A4.22.011
Yayımlanma Tarihi	16 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi	26 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi	6 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Ateş, M. A., Acar, P., & Karaman, S. (2025). A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(3), 1370-1383. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1591575
AMA	Ateş MA, Acar P, Karaman S. A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. Haziran 2025;8(3):1370-1383. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1591575
Chicago	Ateş, Mevlüde Alev, Pelin Acar, ve Seher Karaman. “A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some Taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8, sy. 3 (Haziran 2025): 1370-83. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1591575.
EndNote	Ateş MA, Acar P, Karaman S (01 Haziran 2025) A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 3 1370–1383.
IEEE	M. A. Ateş, P. Acar, ve S. Karaman, “A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno, c. 8, sy. 3, ss. 1370–1383, 2025, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1591575.
ISNAD	Ateş, Mevlüde Alev vd. “A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some Taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/3 (Haziran 2025), 1370-1383. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1591575.
JAMA	Ateş MA, Acar P, Karaman S. A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2025;8:1370–1383.
MLA	Ateş, Mevlüde Alev vd. “A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some Taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 3, 2025, ss. 1370-83, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1591575.
Vancouver	Ateş MA, Acar P, Karaman S. A RAPD-Based Exploration of Genetic Variation in the Some taxa of Astragalus L. Genus: Implications for Conservation and Taxonomy. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2025;8(3):1370-83.