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THE IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AND NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TURKEY

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 21 - 41

Şilan Arslan İliklerden , Nigar Alev

Öz

In this study, the effects of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on economic growth in Turkey are analyzed using the ARDL bounds testing approach. Time series data for Turkey from 1990 to 2021 were used. According to the findings, the variables were subjected to ADF (Augmented Dickey-Fuller) and PP (Phillips-Perron) unit root tests, and it was determined that all variables were stationary at the first difference. Additionally, long-term cointegration relationships were found between the variables. In the short term, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption raises economic growth by 0.304426%, while a 1% increase in non-renewable energy consumption raises economic growth by 0.954432%. In the long term, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption raises economic growth by 0.280938%, and a 1% increase in non-renewable energy consumption raises economic growth by 3.654517%. According to the results of the Granger causality test, a unidirectional causality relationship was observed between renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption, and economic growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy Consumption Non-Renewable Energy Consumption Economic Growth ARDL

Kaynakça

  • Abbasi, K. R., Hussain, K., Radulescu, M. & Ozturk, I. (2022). Asymmetric Impact of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy on the Industrial Sector in Pakistan: Fresh Evidence from Bayesian and Non-Linear ARDL. Renewable Energy, 187, 944-957.
  • Adebayo, T. S., Agyekum, E. B., Kamel, S., Zawbaa, H. M., & Altuntaş, M. (2022). Drivers of Environmental Degradation in Turkey: Designing an SDG framework Through Advanced Quantile Approaches. Energy Reports, 8, 2008-2021.
  • Alev, N. & Ersezer, Ö. (2024). Gelir Eşitsizliği, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Var Yaklaşımından Kanıtlar. Mecmua, (17), 92-107.
  • Apaydın, Ş., Güngör, A. & Taşdoğan, C. (2019). Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Asimetrik Etkileri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (1), 117-134.
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J. E. (2010). Renewable Energy Consumption and Growth in Eurasia. Energy Economics, 32 (6), 1392-1397.
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J. E. (2010). Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from A Panel of OECD Countries, Energy Policy, Elsevier, 38 (1), 656-660.
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J. E. (2012). Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption-Growth Nexus: Evidence from A Panel Error Correction Model. Energy Economics, 34, 733-738.
  • Aslan, A. & Ocal, O. (2016). The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption in Economic Growth: Evidence from Asymmetric Causality, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 953-959,
  • Baz, K., Xu, D., Ampofo, G. M. K., Ali, I., Khan, I., Cheng, J. & Ali, H. (2019). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence from Pakistan Using Asymmetric Analysis. Energy, 189, 116254.
  • Brown, R. L., Durbin, J. & Evans, J. M. (1975). Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relationships over Time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 37 (2), 149-192.
  • Chang, C.-L. & Fang, M. (2022). Renewable Energy-Led Growth Hypothesis: New Insights from BRICS and N-11 Economies. Renewable Energy, 188, 788-800.
  • Chiou-Wei, S. Z., Chen, C. & Zhu, Z. (2008). Economic Growth And Consumption Revisited- Evidence From Linear And Nonlinear Granger Causality. Energy Economics, 30, 3063-3076.
  • De Vita, G., Klaus, E. & Lester C. H. (2006). An Empirical Analysis of Energy Demand in Namibia. Energy Policy, 34, 3447–63.
  • Djellouli, N., Abdelli, L., Elheddad, M., Ahmed, R. & Mahmood, H. (2022). The Effects of Non-Renewable Energy, Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, and Foreign Direct Investment on The Sustainability of African Countries. Renewable Energy, 183, 676- 686.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I. & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29 (4), 1450-1460.
  • Engel, R. F. & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Cointegration and Error Correction Representation, Estimation and Testing. Econometrica, 55, 251-276.
  • Granger, C. W. (1969). Investigating Causal Relations By Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods. Journal of The Econometric Society, 424-438.
  • Gyimah, J., Yao, X., Tachega, M. A., Sam Hayford, I. & Opoku-Mensah, E. (2022). Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Ghana. Energy, 248, 123559.
  • Johansen, S. (1995). Likelihood-Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegrating Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231-254.
  • Johansen, S. & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and İnference on Cointegration with Applications to The Demand For Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210.
  • İnançlı, S. & İnal, V. (2012). Türkiye’de Alternatif Enerji Üretimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Saklı Eşbütünleşme Testi ile Analizi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (4), 102-106.
  • Jebli, M. B. & Youssefi S. B. (2017). Renewable Energy Consumption and Agriculture: Evidence For Cointegration and Granger Causality For Tunisian Economy. International Journal of Development World Ecology, 24, 149-158.
  • Kao, C. (1999). Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics, 90, 1–44.
  • Kapçak, S. (2022). Seçilmiş Yüksek-Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Yenilenemeyen Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Saklı Eşbütünleşme Yaklaşımı. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Tekirdağ: Namık Kemal Üniversitesi/ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kapçak, S. (2023). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Yenilenebilir-Yenilenemeyen Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Saklı Eşbütünleşme Yaklaşımı. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32 (2), 409-423.
  • Lee, J. & Strazicich, M. C. (2003). Minimum LM Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85, 1082-1089.
  • Li, R., Wang, X. & Wang, Q. (2022). Does Renewable Energy Reduce Ecological Footprint at The Expense of Economic Growth? An Empirical Analysis of 120 Countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 346, 131207.
  • Menegaki, A. N. (2019). The ARDL Method in the Energy-Growth Nexus Field; Best İmplementation Strategies. Economies, 7 (4), 105.
  • Mohsin, M., Kamran, H. W., Atif Nawaz, M., Sajjad Hussain, M., & Dahri, A. S. (2021). Assessing The Impact of Transition from Nonrenewable to Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth-Environmental Nexus from Developing Asian Economies. Journal of Environmental Management, 284, 111999.
  • Murray, D. A. & Nan, G. D. (1992). The Energy Consumption and Employment Relationship: A Clarification. Journal of Energy and Development, 16, 121-231.
  • Narayan, P. & Popp, S. (2012). The Energy Consumption-Real GDP Nexus Revisited: Empirical Evidence from 93 Countries. Economic Modelling, 29 (2), 303-308.
  • Nkoro, E. & Uko, A. K. (2016). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Cointegration Technique: Application and Interpretation. Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, 5 (4), 63-91.
  • Odhiambo, N. M. (2009). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in Tanzania: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach. Energy Policy, 37, 617–622.
  • Qiao, H., Zheng, F., Jiang, H. & Dong, K. (2019). The Greenhouse Effect of The Agriculture-Economic Growth-Renewable Energy Nexus: Evidence From G20 Countries. Science of Total Environment, 671, 722–731.
  • Özcan, G. & Öztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal Sermayenin Ekonomik Gelişme Açısından Önemi: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, 2 (1), 63-78.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, 653–670.
  • Pedroni, P. (2004). Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series Tests with An Application to the PPP Hypothesis. Econometric Theory, 20 (3), 597–625.
  • Pesaran, M. H. & Shin, Y. (1995). An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 9514, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. & Smith, R. J. (1996). Testing for Existence of A Long-Run Relationship, DAE Working Paper, No. 9622, Department of Applied Economics, University of Economics.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence Of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312.
  • Phillips, P. C. B. & Peron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biomètrika, 75 (2), 336-346.
  • Polat, M. & Gemici, E. (2017). Analysis of the Relationship Between BIST and BRICS Stock Markets in Terms of Portfolio Diversification: Cointegration Analysis with ARDL Boundary Test. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 4 (4), 393-403.
  • Rahman, M. M. & Velayutham, E. (2020). Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption-Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence From South Asia. Renewable Energy, 147, 399-408.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2009). Renewable Energy Consumption and Income in Emerging Economies, Energy Policy, 37 (10), 4021-4028.
  • Schramm, L. (2024). Some Differences, Many Similarities: Comparing Europe’s Responses to The 1973 Oil Crisis and The 2022 Gas Crisis. European Political Science Review, 16 (1), 56-71.
  • Shahbas, M., Van-Hong, T., Mahalik, M.K. & Roubaud, D. (2017). Energy Consumption, Financial Development and Economic Growth in India: New Evidence from a Nonlinear and Asymmetric Analysis. Energy Economics, 63, 199-212.
  • Stern, D. I. (2004). Economic Growth and Energy. Encyclopedia of Energy, 2, 35-51.
  • Uçar, M. & Çoban, S. (2023). Ulaştırma Sektöründeki Enerji Tüketimi, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Çevresel Kalite İlişkisi. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 13 (1), 485-506.
  • Wang, Q. & Wang, L. (2020). Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in OECD Countries: A Nonlinear Panel Data Analysis. Energy, 207, 118200.

TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLEMEYEN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 21 - 41

Şilan Arslan İliklerden , Nigar Alev

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile yenilenemeyen enerji tüketiminin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi, ARDL sınır testi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. 1990-2021 dönemi için Türkiye’ye ait zaman serisi verileri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, değişkenler ADF (Genişletilmiş Dickey-Fuller) ve PP (Phillips-Perron) birim kök testlerine tabi tutulmuş ve tüm değişkenlerin birinci farkta durağan olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, uzun dönem analizinde değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Kısa vadede, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimindeki %1’lik bir artış, ekonomik büyümeyi %0.304426 oranında yükseltirken, yenilenemeyen enerji tüketimindeki %1’lik bir artış ise ekonomik büyümeyi %0.954432 oranında artırmaktadır. Uzun dönemde ise, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve yenilenemeyen enerji tüketimindeki %1’lik bir artış sırasıyla ekonomik büyümeyi %0.280938 ve %3.654517 oranında artırmaktadır. Granger nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve yenilenemeyen enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasında tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Yenilenemeyen Enerji Tüketimi Ekonomik Büyüme ARDL

Kaynakça

  • Abbasi, K. R., Hussain, K., Radulescu, M. & Ozturk, I. (2022). Asymmetric Impact of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy on the Industrial Sector in Pakistan: Fresh Evidence from Bayesian and Non-Linear ARDL. Renewable Energy, 187, 944-957.
  • Adebayo, T. S., Agyekum, E. B., Kamel, S., Zawbaa, H. M., & Altuntaş, M. (2022). Drivers of Environmental Degradation in Turkey: Designing an SDG framework Through Advanced Quantile Approaches. Energy Reports, 8, 2008-2021.
  • Alev, N. & Ersezer, Ö. (2024). Gelir Eşitsizliği, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Var Yaklaşımından Kanıtlar. Mecmua, (17), 92-107.
  • Apaydın, Ş., Güngör, A. & Taşdoğan, C. (2019). Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Asimetrik Etkileri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (1), 117-134.
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J. E. (2010). Renewable Energy Consumption and Growth in Eurasia. Energy Economics, 32 (6), 1392-1397.
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J. E. (2010). Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from A Panel of OECD Countries, Energy Policy, Elsevier, 38 (1), 656-660.
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J. E. (2012). Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption-Growth Nexus: Evidence from A Panel Error Correction Model. Energy Economics, 34, 733-738.
  • Aslan, A. & Ocal, O. (2016). The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption in Economic Growth: Evidence from Asymmetric Causality, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 953-959,
  • Baz, K., Xu, D., Ampofo, G. M. K., Ali, I., Khan, I., Cheng, J. & Ali, H. (2019). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence from Pakistan Using Asymmetric Analysis. Energy, 189, 116254.
  • Brown, R. L., Durbin, J. & Evans, J. M. (1975). Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relationships over Time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 37 (2), 149-192.
  • Chang, C.-L. & Fang, M. (2022). Renewable Energy-Led Growth Hypothesis: New Insights from BRICS and N-11 Economies. Renewable Energy, 188, 788-800.
  • Chiou-Wei, S. Z., Chen, C. & Zhu, Z. (2008). Economic Growth And Consumption Revisited- Evidence From Linear And Nonlinear Granger Causality. Energy Economics, 30, 3063-3076.
  • De Vita, G., Klaus, E. & Lester C. H. (2006). An Empirical Analysis of Energy Demand in Namibia. Energy Policy, 34, 3447–63.
  • Djellouli, N., Abdelli, L., Elheddad, M., Ahmed, R. & Mahmood, H. (2022). The Effects of Non-Renewable Energy, Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, and Foreign Direct Investment on The Sustainability of African Countries. Renewable Energy, 183, 676- 686.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I. & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29 (4), 1450-1460.
  • Engel, R. F. & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Cointegration and Error Correction Representation, Estimation and Testing. Econometrica, 55, 251-276.
  • Granger, C. W. (1969). Investigating Causal Relations By Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods. Journal of The Econometric Society, 424-438.
  • Gyimah, J., Yao, X., Tachega, M. A., Sam Hayford, I. & Opoku-Mensah, E. (2022). Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Ghana. Energy, 248, 123559.
  • Johansen, S. (1995). Likelihood-Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegrating Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231-254.
  • Johansen, S. & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and İnference on Cointegration with Applications to The Demand For Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210.
  • İnançlı, S. & İnal, V. (2012). Türkiye’de Alternatif Enerji Üretimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Saklı Eşbütünleşme Testi ile Analizi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (4), 102-106.
  • Jebli, M. B. & Youssefi S. B. (2017). Renewable Energy Consumption and Agriculture: Evidence For Cointegration and Granger Causality For Tunisian Economy. International Journal of Development World Ecology, 24, 149-158.
  • Kao, C. (1999). Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics, 90, 1–44.
  • Kapçak, S. (2022). Seçilmiş Yüksek-Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Yenilenemeyen Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Saklı Eşbütünleşme Yaklaşımı. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Tekirdağ: Namık Kemal Üniversitesi/ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kapçak, S. (2023). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Yenilenebilir-Yenilenemeyen Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Saklı Eşbütünleşme Yaklaşımı. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32 (2), 409-423.
  • Lee, J. & Strazicich, M. C. (2003). Minimum LM Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85, 1082-1089.
  • Li, R., Wang, X. & Wang, Q. (2022). Does Renewable Energy Reduce Ecological Footprint at The Expense of Economic Growth? An Empirical Analysis of 120 Countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 346, 131207.
  • Menegaki, A. N. (2019). The ARDL Method in the Energy-Growth Nexus Field; Best İmplementation Strategies. Economies, 7 (4), 105.
  • Mohsin, M., Kamran, H. W., Atif Nawaz, M., Sajjad Hussain, M., & Dahri, A. S. (2021). Assessing The Impact of Transition from Nonrenewable to Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth-Environmental Nexus from Developing Asian Economies. Journal of Environmental Management, 284, 111999.
  • Murray, D. A. & Nan, G. D. (1992). The Energy Consumption and Employment Relationship: A Clarification. Journal of Energy and Development, 16, 121-231.
  • Narayan, P. & Popp, S. (2012). The Energy Consumption-Real GDP Nexus Revisited: Empirical Evidence from 93 Countries. Economic Modelling, 29 (2), 303-308.
  • Nkoro, E. & Uko, A. K. (2016). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Cointegration Technique: Application and Interpretation. Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, 5 (4), 63-91.
  • Odhiambo, N. M. (2009). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in Tanzania: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach. Energy Policy, 37, 617–622.
  • Qiao, H., Zheng, F., Jiang, H. & Dong, K. (2019). The Greenhouse Effect of The Agriculture-Economic Growth-Renewable Energy Nexus: Evidence From G20 Countries. Science of Total Environment, 671, 722–731.
  • Özcan, G. & Öztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal Sermayenin Ekonomik Gelişme Açısından Önemi: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, 2 (1), 63-78.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, 653–670.
  • Pedroni, P. (2004). Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series Tests with An Application to the PPP Hypothesis. Econometric Theory, 20 (3), 597–625.
  • Pesaran, M. H. & Shin, Y. (1995). An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 9514, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. & Smith, R. J. (1996). Testing for Existence of A Long-Run Relationship, DAE Working Paper, No. 9622, Department of Applied Economics, University of Economics.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence Of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312.
  • Phillips, P. C. B. & Peron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biomètrika, 75 (2), 336-346.
  • Polat, M. & Gemici, E. (2017). Analysis of the Relationship Between BIST and BRICS Stock Markets in Terms of Portfolio Diversification: Cointegration Analysis with ARDL Boundary Test. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 4 (4), 393-403.
  • Rahman, M. M. & Velayutham, E. (2020). Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption-Economic Growth Nexus: New Evidence From South Asia. Renewable Energy, 147, 399-408.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2009). Renewable Energy Consumption and Income in Emerging Economies, Energy Policy, 37 (10), 4021-4028.
  • Schramm, L. (2024). Some Differences, Many Similarities: Comparing Europe’s Responses to The 1973 Oil Crisis and The 2022 Gas Crisis. European Political Science Review, 16 (1), 56-71.
  • Shahbas, M., Van-Hong, T., Mahalik, M.K. & Roubaud, D. (2017). Energy Consumption, Financial Development and Economic Growth in India: New Evidence from a Nonlinear and Asymmetric Analysis. Energy Economics, 63, 199-212.
  • Stern, D. I. (2004). Economic Growth and Energy. Encyclopedia of Energy, 2, 35-51.
  • Uçar, M. & Çoban, S. (2023). Ulaştırma Sektöründeki Enerji Tüketimi, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Çevresel Kalite İlişkisi. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 13 (1), 485-506.
  • Wang, Q. & Wang, L. (2020). Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in OECD Countries: A Nonlinear Panel Data Analysis. Energy, 207, 118200.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Makro İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şilan Arslan İliklerden 0009-0002-1881-235X

Nigar Alev 0000-0002-0154-6211

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan İliklerden, Ş., & Alev, N. (2025). TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLEMEYEN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 21-41.
AMA Arslan İliklerden Ş, Alev N. TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLEMEYEN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. Haziran 2025;9(1):21-41.
Chicago Arslan İliklerden, Şilan, ve Nigar Alev. “TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLEMEYEN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 9, sy. 1 (Haziran 2025): 21-41.
EndNote Arslan İliklerden Ş, Alev N (01 Haziran 2025) TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLEMEYEN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 9 1 21–41.
IEEE Ş. Arslan İliklerden ve N. Alev, “TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLEMEYEN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 21–41, 2025.
ISNAD Arslan İliklerden, Şilan - Alev, Nigar. “TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLEMEYEN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 9/1 (Haziran 2025), 21-41.
JAMA Arslan İliklerden Ş, Alev N. TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLEMEYEN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;9:21–41.
MLA Arslan İliklerden, Şilan ve Nigar Alev. “TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLEMEYEN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 21-41.
Vancouver Arslan İliklerden Ş, Alev N. TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLEMEYEN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;9(1):21-4.
 Kapak Resmi İndir