Apoptotic Effects of Urtica dioica extract and Boric Acid in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: A Study

Alev Selcan Arköse; Hadi Karimkhani; Gizem Gülmez; Ayşe Esra Karadağ

doi:10.20515/otd.1580200

Araştırma Makalesi

BibTex

RIS

Kaynak Göster

Urtica dioica ve Borik Asidin MCF-7 Meme Kanseri Hücre Hattındaki Apoptoz Etkileri: Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4, 540 - 549, 18.06.2025

Alev Selcan Arköse , Hadi Karimkhani , Gizem Gülmez , Ayşe Esra Karadağ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Urtica dioica (ısırgan), borik asit ve bunların kombinasyonlarının MCF-7 insan meme kanseri hücreleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. İki maddenin apoptozu (programlı hücre ölümü) ve anti-apoptotik yolları nasıl etkilediğini araştırmak ve Urtica dioica ile borik asidin koruyucu etkilerini belirlemektir.Hücre canlılığını değerlendirmek için MTT testi kullanılmış ve hücreler için IC50 dozları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, hücrelerde BAX, p53, Sitokrom C ve Kalpain protein düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi ile ölçülmüştür. Fito-kimyasal analizler ise HPLC yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.P53 konsantrasyon ölçümleri, kontrol grubu ile Urtica dioica ve borik asit ile tedavi edilen gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış göstermiştir (p<0.001). Sitokrom C konsantrasyon ölçümleri, kontrol grubu ile Urtica dioica arasında çok anlamlı bir artış, borik asit için ise anlamlı bir artış göstermiştir (p<0.001, p<0.01). Ayrıca, Urtica dioica ekstresi HPLC ile analiz edilerek, kafeik asit fito-kimyasallardan biri olarak belirlemektir. Bu araştırma, Urtica dioica ve borik asidin kombinasyonunun meme kanseri hücrelerinde apoptoz üzerindeki etkilerinin sınırlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bileşenlerin p53 ve Sitokrom C üzerindeki olumlu etkileri gözlemlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, Urtica dioica ve borik asidin meme kanseri tedavisinde potansiyel kullanımına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Ancak, bu maddelerin etkinliğini, güvenliğini ve uygun dozlarını belirlemek için daha fazla klinik ve hayvan çalışmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Gelecek araştırmalar, Urtica dioica ve borik asidin meme kanseri tedavisindeki rollerini anlamamıza katkı sağlayacak ve yeni tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meme kanseri, MCF-7, Isırgan Otu, Borik asit, Apoptoz

Kaynakça

1. Said AAH, Otmani ibrahim sbai el, Derfoufi S, Benmoussa A. Highlights on nutritional and therapeutic value of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;10(10):8–14.
2. Groelly FJ, Fawkes M, Dagg RA, Blackford AN, Tarsounas M. Targeting DNA damage response pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer [Internet]. 2023 Feb 5 [cited 2024 Oct 20];23(2):78–94. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36471053/
3. Shakoor MT, Ayub S, Mohindra R, Ayub Z, Ahad A. Unique Presentations of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer: A Case Series. Int J Biomed Sci. 2014 Dec 15;10(4):287–93.
4. Moon DO. Deciphering the Role of BCAR3 in Cancer Progression: Gene Regulation, Signal Transduction, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel). 2024 Apr 26;16(9):1674.
5. Comşa Ş, Cîmpean AM, Raica M. The Story of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: 40 years of Experience in Research. Anticancer Res. 2015 Jun;35(6):3147–54.
6. Esposito S, Bianco A, Russo R, Di Maro A, Isernia C, Pedone PV. Therapeutic Perspectives of Molecules from Urtica dioica Extracts for Cancer Treatment. Mol 2019, Vol 24, Page 2753 [Internet]. 2019 Jul 29 [cited 2024 Oct 20];24(15):2753. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/15/2753/htm
7. Devkota HP, Paudel KR, Khanal S, Baral A, Panth N, Adhikari-Devkota A, et al. Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Food Functional Properties. Molecules. 2022 Aug 16;27(16):2–14.
8. Otles S, Yalcin B. Phenolic Compounds Analysis of Root, Stalk, and Leaves of Nettle. Sci World J [Internet]. 2012 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Oct 20];2012(1):564367.
9. Ji T, Liu C, Wang A, Yang J, Su Y, Yuan L, et al. Studies on the chemical constituents of Urtica dioica L. grown in Tibet Autonomous Region. Zhong yao cai [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2024 Oct 20];6(30):662–4. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/med/17918434
10. Fattahi S, Ghadami E, Asouri M, Motevalizadeh Ardekanid A, Akhavan-Niaki H. Urtica dioica inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis by targeting Ornithine decarboxylase and Adenosine deaminase as key regulatory enzymes in adenosine and polyamines homeostasis in human breast cancer cell lines. Cell Mol Biol [Internet]. 2018 Feb 28 [cited 2024 Oct 20];64(3):97–102. Available from: https://cellmolbiol.org/index.php/CMB/article/view/1541
11. Nafeh G, Abi Akl M, Samarani J, Bahous R, Al Kari G, Younes M, et al. Urtica dioica Leaf Infusion Enhances the Sensitivity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Cisplatin Treatment. Pharmaceuticals [Internet]. 2023 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Oct 20];16(6):780. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/780/htm
12. Restuccio A, Mortensen ME, Kelley MT. Fatal ingestion of boric acid in an adult. Am J Emerg Med. 1992 Nov 1;10(6):545–7.
13. Yenmez N. Stratejik Bir Maden Olarak Bor Minerallerin Türkiye İçin Önemi. Coğrafya Derg [Internet]. 2011 Dec 6 [cited 2023 Sep 23];19(19):59–94. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iucografya/issue/25047/264426
14. Barranco WT, Eckhert CD. Boric acid inhibits human prostate cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Lett [Internet]. 2004 Dec 8 [cited 2023 May 23];216(1):21–9. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304383504004422
15. Bakirdere S, Örenay S, Korkmaz M. Effect of boron on human health. Open Miner Process J [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2024 Oct 20];3(1):54–9. Available from: https://bunny-wp-pullzone-iyqnlshgpr.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Effect-of-Boron-on-Human-Health.pdf
16. Khaliq H, Juming Z, Ke-Mei P. The Physiological Role of Boron on Health. Biol Trace Elem Res [Internet]. 2018 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Oct 20];186(1):31–51. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-018-1284-3
17. Kulkarni S, Bhandary D, Singh Y, Monga V, Thareja S. Boron in cancer therapeutics: An overview. Pharmacol Ther. 2023 Nov 1;251:108548.
18. Yıldırım O, Seçme M, Dodurga Y, Mete GA, Fenkci SM. In Vitro Effects of Boric Acid on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and miRNAs in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res [Internet]. 2024 Apr 30 [cited 2024 Oct 20];1–11. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12011-024-04188-3
19. Karadağ AE, Demirci B, Çaşkurlu A, Demirci F, Okur ME, Orak D, et al. In vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic evaluation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. flower extract fractions. South African J Bot. 2019 Sep 1;125:214–20.
20. Fattahi S, Ardekani AM, Zabihi E, Abedian Z, Mostafazadeh A, Pourbagher R, et al. Antioxidant and apoptotic effects of an aqueous extract of Urtica dioica on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(9):5317–23.
21. Karakol P, Saraydin S, Bozkurt M, Hepokur C, Inan ZD, Turan M. Anticancer Effects of Urtica Dioica in Breast Cancer. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2022 Feb 1;23(2):673–81.
22. Miyamoto S, Sutoh M, Shiomoto A, Yamazaki S, Nishimura K, Yonezawa C, et al. Determination of boron in animal materials by reactor neutron induced prompt gamma-ray analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2023 Jun 14];244(2):307–9. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251282949_Determination_of_Boron_in_Animal_Materials_by_Reactor_Neutron_Induced_Prompt_Gamma-Ray_Analysis
23. Scorei R, Ciubar R, Ciofrangeanu CM, Mitran V, Cimpean A, Iordachescu D. Comparative effects of boric acid and calcium fructoborate on breast cancer cells. Biol Trace Elem Res [Internet]. 2008 Jun 5 [cited 2023 May 23];122(3):197–205. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-007-8081-8
24. Çiğel A, Bilgin MD, Ek RO. Evaluation of the Anti-cancer and Biological Effects of Boric Acid on Colon Cancer Cell Line. Meandros Med Dent J [Internet]. 2020 Dec 9 [cited 2023 Jun 14];21(3):238–43. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347481962_Evaluation_of_the_Anti-cancer_and_Biological_Effects_of_Boric_Acid_on_Colon_Cancer_Cell_Line
25. Mills KD. Tumor suppression: Putting p53 in context. Cell Cycle [Internet]. 2013 Nov 15 [cited 2023 May 23];12(22):3461–2. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/cc.26806
26. Peña‐Blanco A, García‐Sáez AJ. Bax, Bak and beyond — mitochondrial performance in apoptosis. FEBS J. 2018 Feb 4;285(3):416–31.
27. Rizk S, Al Bast N, Hodroj MH, Borjac J. Aqueous Urtica Dioica Leaves Extract Inhibits Proliferation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells in Vitro. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk [Internet]. 2017 Sep 1 [cited 2023 Jun 10];17:279–80. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2152265017310662
28. Kardan M, Rafiei A, Golpour M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Akhavan-Niaki H, Fattahi S. Urtica dioica Extract Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 and HTC116 as Gastrointestinal Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem [Internet]. 2020 Jul 24 [cited 2023 Jun 10];20(8):963–9. Available from: https://www.eurekaselect.com/180085/article
29. Vidinli GN. A549 ve beas- 2b hücre hatlarinda bori̇k asi̇ti̇n apoptoz yolağindaki̇ genleri̇n ekspresyon düzeyleri̇ne etki̇si̇ni̇n i̇ncelenmesi̇. [İstanbul]: Istinye University, Institute of Health Sciences; 2021.
30. Eroglu Gunes C. Boric Acid Shows ER Stress and Apoptosis Mediated Anticancer Activity in Human Pancreatic Cancer MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 Cells. Selcuk Med J. 2023 Mar 1;39(1):1–6.
31. Nur Ahsani D. Mitokondria sebagai Target Terapi Kanker. J Kedokt dan Kesehat Indones [Internet]. 2014 Jan 20 [cited 2023 Oct 1];6(1):1–11. Available from: http://jurnal.uii.ac.id/index.php/JKKI/issue/view/362
32. Hacioglu C, Kar F, Kacar S, Sahinturk V, Kanbak G. High Concentrations of Boric Acid Trigger Concentration-Dependent Oxidative Stress, Apoptotic Pathways and Morphological Alterations in DU-145 Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Biol Trace Elem Res [Internet]. 2020 Feb 1 [cited 2020 Jul 7];193(2):400–9. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-019-01739-x
33. Leloup L, Wells A. Calpains as potential anti-cancer targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets [Internet]. 2011 Mar 19 [cited 2023 Sep 23];15(3):309–23. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1517/14728222.2011.553611
34. Gora J, Latajka R. Involvement of Cysteine Proteases in Cancer. Curr Med Chem [Internet]. 2015 Feb 16 [cited 2023 Oct 8];22(8):944–57. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25386822/

Apoptotic Effects of Urtica dioica extract and Boric Acid in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: A Study

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4, 540 - 549, 18.06.2025

Alev Selcan Arköse , Hadi Karimkhani , Gizem Gülmez , Ayşe Esra Karadağ

Öz

This study investigates the effects of Urtica dioica (nettle), Boric acid, and their combinations on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The goal is to explore how these substances impact apoptosis (programmed cell death) and anti-apoptotic pathways in a breast cancer model while assessing the protective effects of Urtica dioica and Boric acid.The MTT assay was employed to measure cell viability, and IC50 doses were determined. Protein levels of BAX, p53, Cytochrome C, and Calpain were quantified using the ELISA method. Additionally, phytochemical analyses were conducted using HPLC.Results indicated a statistically significant increase in p53 levels between the control group and those treated with Urtica dioica and Boric acid (p<0.001). Cytochrome C levels also showed a significant increase in the Urtica dioica group, with Boric acid demonstrating a meaningful increase (p<0.001, p<0.01). HPLC analysis of Urtica dioica extract identified caffeic acid as one of the critical phytochemicals.The findings suggest that combining Urtica dioica and Boric acid has limited effects on apoptosis in breast cancer cells, although positive impacts on p53 and Cytochrome C were noted. These results provide a foundation for considering Urtica dioica and Boric acid in breast cancer treatment. However, further clinical and animal studies are needed to evaluate these substances' efficacy, safety, and appropriate dosages. Future research will deepen our understanding of Urtica dioica and Boric acid's roles in breast cancer therapy and help develop new treatment strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Breast cancer, MCF-7, Urtica dioica, Boric acid, Apoptosis

Kaynakça

1. Said AAH, Otmani ibrahim sbai el, Derfoufi S, Benmoussa A. Highlights on nutritional and therapeutic value of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;10(10):8–14.
2. Groelly FJ, Fawkes M, Dagg RA, Blackford AN, Tarsounas M. Targeting DNA damage response pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer [Internet]. 2023 Feb 5 [cited 2024 Oct 20];23(2):78–94. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36471053/
3. Shakoor MT, Ayub S, Mohindra R, Ayub Z, Ahad A. Unique Presentations of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer: A Case Series. Int J Biomed Sci. 2014 Dec 15;10(4):287–93.
4. Moon DO. Deciphering the Role of BCAR3 in Cancer Progression: Gene Regulation, Signal Transduction, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel). 2024 Apr 26;16(9):1674.
5. Comşa Ş, Cîmpean AM, Raica M. The Story of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: 40 years of Experience in Research. Anticancer Res. 2015 Jun;35(6):3147–54.
6. Esposito S, Bianco A, Russo R, Di Maro A, Isernia C, Pedone PV. Therapeutic Perspectives of Molecules from Urtica dioica Extracts for Cancer Treatment. Mol 2019, Vol 24, Page 2753 [Internet]. 2019 Jul 29 [cited 2024 Oct 20];24(15):2753. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/15/2753/htm
7. Devkota HP, Paudel KR, Khanal S, Baral A, Panth N, Adhikari-Devkota A, et al. Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Food Functional Properties. Molecules. 2022 Aug 16;27(16):2–14.
8. Otles S, Yalcin B. Phenolic Compounds Analysis of Root, Stalk, and Leaves of Nettle. Sci World J [Internet]. 2012 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Oct 20];2012(1):564367.
9. Ji T, Liu C, Wang A, Yang J, Su Y, Yuan L, et al. Studies on the chemical constituents of Urtica dioica L. grown in Tibet Autonomous Region. Zhong yao cai [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2024 Oct 20];6(30):662–4. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/med/17918434
10. Fattahi S, Ghadami E, Asouri M, Motevalizadeh Ardekanid A, Akhavan-Niaki H. Urtica dioica inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis by targeting Ornithine decarboxylase and Adenosine deaminase as key regulatory enzymes in adenosine and polyamines homeostasis in human breast cancer cell lines. Cell Mol Biol [Internet]. 2018 Feb 28 [cited 2024 Oct 20];64(3):97–102. Available from: https://cellmolbiol.org/index.php/CMB/article/view/1541
11. Nafeh G, Abi Akl M, Samarani J, Bahous R, Al Kari G, Younes M, et al. Urtica dioica Leaf Infusion Enhances the Sensitivity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Cisplatin Treatment. Pharmaceuticals [Internet]. 2023 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Oct 20];16(6):780. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/780/htm
12. Restuccio A, Mortensen ME, Kelley MT. Fatal ingestion of boric acid in an adult. Am J Emerg Med. 1992 Nov 1;10(6):545–7.
13. Yenmez N. Stratejik Bir Maden Olarak Bor Minerallerin Türkiye İçin Önemi. Coğrafya Derg [Internet]. 2011 Dec 6 [cited 2023 Sep 23];19(19):59–94. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iucografya/issue/25047/264426
14. Barranco WT, Eckhert CD. Boric acid inhibits human prostate cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Lett [Internet]. 2004 Dec 8 [cited 2023 May 23];216(1):21–9. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304383504004422
15. Bakirdere S, Örenay S, Korkmaz M. Effect of boron on human health. Open Miner Process J [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2024 Oct 20];3(1):54–9. Available from: https://bunny-wp-pullzone-iyqnlshgpr.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Effect-of-Boron-on-Human-Health.pdf
16. Khaliq H, Juming Z, Ke-Mei P. The Physiological Role of Boron on Health. Biol Trace Elem Res [Internet]. 2018 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Oct 20];186(1):31–51. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-018-1284-3
17. Kulkarni S, Bhandary D, Singh Y, Monga V, Thareja S. Boron in cancer therapeutics: An overview. Pharmacol Ther. 2023 Nov 1;251:108548.
18. Yıldırım O, Seçme M, Dodurga Y, Mete GA, Fenkci SM. In Vitro Effects of Boric Acid on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and miRNAs in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res [Internet]. 2024 Apr 30 [cited 2024 Oct 20];1–11. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12011-024-04188-3
19. Karadağ AE, Demirci B, Çaşkurlu A, Demirci F, Okur ME, Orak D, et al. In vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic evaluation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. flower extract fractions. South African J Bot. 2019 Sep 1;125:214–20.
20. Fattahi S, Ardekani AM, Zabihi E, Abedian Z, Mostafazadeh A, Pourbagher R, et al. Antioxidant and apoptotic effects of an aqueous extract of Urtica dioica on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(9):5317–23.
21. Karakol P, Saraydin S, Bozkurt M, Hepokur C, Inan ZD, Turan M. Anticancer Effects of Urtica Dioica in Breast Cancer. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2022 Feb 1;23(2):673–81.
22. Miyamoto S, Sutoh M, Shiomoto A, Yamazaki S, Nishimura K, Yonezawa C, et al. Determination of boron in animal materials by reactor neutron induced prompt gamma-ray analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2023 Jun 14];244(2):307–9. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251282949_Determination_of_Boron_in_Animal_Materials_by_Reactor_Neutron_Induced_Prompt_Gamma-Ray_Analysis
23. Scorei R, Ciubar R, Ciofrangeanu CM, Mitran V, Cimpean A, Iordachescu D. Comparative effects of boric acid and calcium fructoborate on breast cancer cells. Biol Trace Elem Res [Internet]. 2008 Jun 5 [cited 2023 May 23];122(3):197–205. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-007-8081-8
24. Çiğel A, Bilgin MD, Ek RO. Evaluation of the Anti-cancer and Biological Effects of Boric Acid on Colon Cancer Cell Line. Meandros Med Dent J [Internet]. 2020 Dec 9 [cited 2023 Jun 14];21(3):238–43. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347481962_Evaluation_of_the_Anti-cancer_and_Biological_Effects_of_Boric_Acid_on_Colon_Cancer_Cell_Line
25. Mills KD. Tumor suppression: Putting p53 in context. Cell Cycle [Internet]. 2013 Nov 15 [cited 2023 May 23];12(22):3461–2. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/cc.26806
26. Peña‐Blanco A, García‐Sáez AJ. Bax, Bak and beyond — mitochondrial performance in apoptosis. FEBS J. 2018 Feb 4;285(3):416–31.
27. Rizk S, Al Bast N, Hodroj MH, Borjac J. Aqueous Urtica Dioica Leaves Extract Inhibits Proliferation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells in Vitro. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk [Internet]. 2017 Sep 1 [cited 2023 Jun 10];17:279–80. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2152265017310662
28. Kardan M, Rafiei A, Golpour M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Akhavan-Niaki H, Fattahi S. Urtica dioica Extract Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 and HTC116 as Gastrointestinal Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem [Internet]. 2020 Jul 24 [cited 2023 Jun 10];20(8):963–9. Available from: https://www.eurekaselect.com/180085/article
29. Vidinli GN. A549 ve beas- 2b hücre hatlarinda bori̇k asi̇ti̇n apoptoz yolağindaki̇ genleri̇n ekspresyon düzeyleri̇ne etki̇si̇ni̇n i̇ncelenmesi̇. [İstanbul]: Istinye University, Institute of Health Sciences; 2021.
30. Eroglu Gunes C. Boric Acid Shows ER Stress and Apoptosis Mediated Anticancer Activity in Human Pancreatic Cancer MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 Cells. Selcuk Med J. 2023 Mar 1;39(1):1–6.
31. Nur Ahsani D. Mitokondria sebagai Target Terapi Kanker. J Kedokt dan Kesehat Indones [Internet]. 2014 Jan 20 [cited 2023 Oct 1];6(1):1–11. Available from: http://jurnal.uii.ac.id/index.php/JKKI/issue/view/362
32. Hacioglu C, Kar F, Kacar S, Sahinturk V, Kanbak G. High Concentrations of Boric Acid Trigger Concentration-Dependent Oxidative Stress, Apoptotic Pathways and Morphological Alterations in DU-145 Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Biol Trace Elem Res [Internet]. 2020 Feb 1 [cited 2020 Jul 7];193(2):400–9. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-019-01739-x
33. Leloup L, Wells A. Calpains as potential anti-cancer targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets [Internet]. 2011 Mar 19 [cited 2023 Sep 23];15(3):309–23. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1517/14728222.2011.553611
34. Gora J, Latajka R. Involvement of Cysteine Proteases in Cancer. Curr Med Chem [Internet]. 2015 Feb 16 [cited 2023 Oct 8];22(8):944–57. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25386822/

Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Eczacılık Biyokimyası, Temel Farmakoloji, Tıbbi Farmakoloji, Tıbbi Genetik (Kanser Genetiği hariç)
Bölüm	ORİJİNAL MAKALELER / ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Yazarlar	Alev Selcan Arköse 0000-0003-0254-9614 Hadi Karimkhani 0000-0002-4966-1745 Gizem Gülmez 0000-0002-2036-7892 Ayşe Esra Karadağ 0000-0002-3412-0807
Yayımlanma Tarihi	18 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi	6 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi	29 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Arköse AS, Karimkhani H, Gülmez G, Karadağ AE. Apoptotic Effects of Urtica dioica extract and Boric Acid in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: A Study. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2025;47(4):540-9.

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