Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Interventions for Specific Phobia in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 773 - 787

Emre Dönmez , Halime Şenay Güzel

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1561033

Öz

This study aims to review evidence-based treatment approaches with cognitive, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral dimensions for the treatment of specific phobia in childhood and adolescence. The databases Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Scopus and Web of Science were searched using the terms "treatment", "adolescent", "child", "children", "phobia”. Articles containing at least two of the relevant terms in their titles were selected, and after applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles were included in the review. One-Session Treatment (OST), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movements Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR) are the treatment methods examined in this study. According to the results of the study in which cognitive-behavioral and behavioral techniques were used, it was observed that all three of OST, CBT and EMDR were significantly effective, and OST played the dominant role when the ease of use and advantages were taken into consideration. In this study, it was observed that in-vivo exposures were used and virtual-reality exposures did not occupy a large place.

Anahtar Kelimeler

child adolescent specific phobia One Session Treatment Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Eye Movements Desensitization and Reprocessing

Kaynakça

  • Abene MV, Hamilton JD (1998) Resolution of fear of flying with fluoxetine treatment. J Anxiety Disord, 12:599-603.
  • Alvarez-Perez Y, Rivero F, Herrero M, Vina C, Fumero A, Betancort M et al. (2021) Changes in brain activation through cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure to virtual reality: a neuroimaging study of specific phobia. J Clin Med, 10:3505-3521.
  • APA (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed (DSM-5). Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association.
  • Antony MM, Stein MB (2009) Oxford Handbook of Anxiety and Related Disorders. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Antony MM, Swinson RP (2000) Phobic Disorders and Panic in Adults: A Guide to Assessment and Treatment. Washington DC, American Psychological Association.
  • Arkar H (2020) Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Bozuklukları ve Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapiler (DSM-5 Odaklı). Ankara, Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Azimisefat P, de Jongh A, Rajabi S, Kanske P, Jamshidi F (2022) Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy on symptoms of acrophobia and anxiety sensitivity in adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychol, 13:919148.
  • Bal U, Çakmak S, Uğuz Ş (2013) Anksiyete bozukluklarında cinsiyete göre semptom farklılıkları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 22:441-459.
  • Balon R (1999) Fluvoxamine for phobia of storms. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 100:244-246.
  • Berge KG, Agdal ML, Vika M, Skeie MS (2017) Treatment of intra-oral injection phobia: a randomized delayed intervention controlled trial among norwegian 10- to 16-year-olds. Acta Odontol Scand, 75:294-301.
  • Bilaç Ö, Ercan ES, Uysal T, Aydın C (2014) İlköğretim öğrencilerinde anksiyete ve duygudurum bozuklukları yaygınlığı ve sosyodemografik özellikler. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 25:171-180.
  • Bradley R, Greene J, Russ E, Dutra L, Westen D (2005) A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for ptsd. Am J Psychiatry, 162:214–227.
  • Burstein M, Georgiades K, He JP, Schmitz A, Feig E, Khazanov GK et al. (2012) Specific phobia among u.s. adolescents: phenomenology and typology. Depress Anxiety, 29:1072-1082.
  • Chapman LK, DeLapp RC (2014) Nine session treatment of a blood–injection–injury phobia with manualized cognitive behavioral therapy: an adult case example. Clin Case Stud, 13:299-312.
  • Cuijpers P, Veen SCV, Sijbrandij M, Yoder W, Cristea IA (2020) Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for mental health problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Ther, 49:165-180.
  • Çeri V, Özer Ü, Layık ME, Ay İz FB (2018) Bir çocuk psikiyatri ayaktan tedavi ünitesine başvuran çocuk ve ergenlerde gözlenen psikiyatrik bozuklukların değerlendirilmesi. Van Tıp Dergisi, 25:520-526.
  • Çıtak S (2018) Anksiyete bozukluklarında tedavi yaklaşımları: psikoterapi ve farmakoterapi. Turkiye Klinikleri Family Medicine - Special Topics , 9(3):141-149.
  • David D, Cristea I, Hofmann, SG (2018) Why cognitive behavioral therapy is the current gold standard of psychotherapy. Front Psychiatry, 9:4.
  • Davis III TE, Reuther ET, Rudy BM (2013) One-session treatment of a specific phobia of swallowing pills: a case study. Clin Case Stud, 12:399–410.
  • Demir M, Köskün T (2023) Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of specific phobias: a systematic review. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 15:562-576.
  • Dewis LM, Kirkby KC, Martin F, Daniels BA, Gilroy LJ, Menzies RG (2001) Computer-aided vicarious exposure versus live graded exposure for spider phobia in children. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 32:17-27.
  • Engel GL (1978) Psychological stress, vasodepressor (vasovagal) syncope, and sudden death. Ann Intern Med, 89:403-412.
  • Faretta E, Dal Farra M (2019) Efficacy of emdr therapy for anxiety disorders. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 13:325-332.
  • Farrell LJ, Kershaw H, Ollendick T (2018) Play-modified one-session treatment for young children with a specific phobia of dogs: a multiple baseline case series. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 49:317-329.
  • Farrell LJ, Miyamoto T, Donovan CL, Waters AM, Krisch KA, Ollendick TH (2021) Virtual reality one-session treatment of child-specific phobia of dogs: a controlled, multiple baseline case series. Behav Ther, 52:478-491.
  • Fernandez E, Salem D, Swift JK, Ramtahal N (2015) Meta-analysis of dropout from cognitive behavioral therapy: magnitude, timing, and moderators. J Consult Clin Psychol, 83:1108–1122.
  • Göker Z, Güney E, Dinç G, Hekim Ö, Üneri ÖŞ (2015) Çocuk ve ergenlerde anksiyete ile ilişkili bozuklukların klinik ve demografik özellikleri: bir yıllık kesitsel bir örneklem. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18:7-14.
  • Görmez V, Örengül AC, Baljinyam S, Aliyeva N (2017) Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda tanı dağılımı ve demografik özellikler. Journal of Mood Disorders, 7:41-46.
  • Gupta AE (2021) The efficacy of EMDR versus TF-CBT for the treatment of PTSD (Doktora tezi). Los Angeles, South Calfironia University.
  • Hayward E, Solaiman K, Bee P, Barr A, Edwards H, Lomas J et al. (2022) One-session treatment for specific phobias: barriers, facilitators and acceptability as perceived by children & young people, parents, and clinicians. PloS One, 17:e0274424.
  • Heyne D, King NJ, Tonge BJ, Cooper H (2001) School refusal: epidemiology and management. Paediatr Drugs, 3:719-732.
  • Hudays A, Gallagher R, Hazazi A, Arishi A, Bahari G (2022) Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus cognitive behavior therapy for treating post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19:16836.
  • Iancu I, Levin J, Dannon PN, Poreh A, Yehuda YB, Kotler M (2007) Prevalence of self-reported specific phobia symptoms in an israeli sample of young conscripts. J Anxiety Disord, 21:762-769.
  • de Jong R, Hofs A, Lommen MJJ, van Hout WJPJ, de Jong PJ, Nauta MH (2023a) Treating specific phobia in youth: a randomized controlled microtrial comparing gradual exposure in large steps to exposure in small steps. J Anxiety Disord, 96:102712.
  • de Jong R, Lommen MJJ, van Hout WJPJ, Kuijpers RCWM, Stone L, de Jong P et al. (2023b) Better together? a randomized controlled microtrial comparing different levels of therapist and parental involvement in exposure-based treatment of childhood specific phobia. J Anxiety Disord, 100:102785
  • de Jongh A, Broeke E (2007) Treatment of specific phobias with emdr: conceptualization and strategies for the selection of appropriate memories. Journal of EMDR in Practice and Research, 1:46-56.
  • de Jongh A, Broeke E (2009) Emdr and the anxiety disorders: exploring the current status. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3:133-140.
  • Keenan P, Farrell D, Keenan L, Ingham C (2018) Treating obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) using eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (emdr) therapy: an ethno-phenomenological case series. International Journal of Psychotherapy, 22:74-91.
  • Kerrick SP (2000) Prevalence rates and factor analysis of dsm-iv specific phobia types (Master thesis ). Illinois, Eastern Illinois Üniversitesi.
  • Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of dsm-iv disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 62:593–602.
  • Koç AE, Hocaoğlu Ç (2023) Az bilinen bir özgül fobi ‘ofidiyofobi’: bir olgu sunumu. Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, 32:145-147.
  • Laird J (1919) The law of parsimony. Monist, 29:321-344.
  • LeBeau RT, Glenn D, Liao B, Wittchen HU, Beesdo‐Baum K, Ollendick T et al. (2010) Specific phobia: a review of dsm‐iv specific phobia and preliminary recommendations for dsm‐v. Depress Anxiety, 27:148-167.
  • Lee CW, Cuijpers P (2013) A meta-analysis of the contribution of eye movements in processing emotional memories. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 44:231-239.
  • Linardon J, Hindle A, Brennan L (2018) Dropout from cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Int J Eat Disord, 51:381–391.
  • Lyneham HJ, Abbott MJ, Rapee RM (2007) Interrater reliability of the anxiety disorders interview schedule for dsm-ıv: child and parent version. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 46:731-736.
  • Meentken MG, van der Mheen M, van Beynum IM, Aendekerk EWC, Legerstee JS, van der Ende J et al. (2020) Emdr for children with medically related subthreshold ptsd: short-term effects on ptsd, blood-injection-injury phobia, depression and sleep. Eur J Psychotraumatol, 11:1-13.
  • Miloff A, Lindner P, Dafgård P, Deak S, Garke M, Hamilton W et al. (2019) Automated virtual reality exposure therapy for spider phobia vs. in-vivo one-session treatment: a randomized non-inferiority trial. Behav Res Ther, 118:130–140.
  • Miloff A, Lindner P, Hamilton W, Reuterskiöld L, Andersson G, Carlbring P (2016) Single-session gamified virtual reality exposure therapy for spider phobia vs. traditional exposure therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Trials, 17:60.
  • Moldovan R, David D (2014) One session treatment of cognitive and behavioral therapy and virtual reality for social and specific phobias. preliminary results from a randomized clinical trial. J Cogn Behav Psychother, 14:67-83.
  • Muris P, Merckelbach H, van Haaften H, Mayer B (1997) Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing versus exposure in vivo. Br J Psychiatry, 171:82-86.
  • Muris P, Merckelbach H, Holdrinet I, Sijsenaar M (1998) Treating phobic children: effects of emdr versus exposure. J Consult Clin Psychol, 66:193-198.
  • Muris P, Merckelbach H, de Jong PJ, Ollendick TH (2002) The etiology of specific fears and phobias in children: a critique of the non-associative account. Behav Res Ther, 40:185–195.
  • Mühlberger A, Wiedemann G, Pauili P (2003) Efficacy of a one-session virtual reality exposure treatment for fear of flying. Psychother Res, 13:323-336.
  • Oar EL, Farrell LJ, Conlon EG, Waters AM, Ollendick TH (2017) Patterns of response and remission following a one-session treatment for blood-injection-injury phobia in youth. Child Fam Behav Ther, 39:43–63.
  • Oar EL, Farrell LJ, Waters AM, Conlon EG, Ollendick TH (2015a) One session treatment for pediatric blood-injection-injury phobia: a controlled multiple baseline trial. Behav Res Ther, 73:131-142.
  • Oar EL, Farrell LJ, Ollendick TH (2015b) One session treatment for specific phobia: an adaptation for paediatric blood-injection-injury phobia in youth. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 18:370–394.
  • Ollendick TH, Ost LG, Reuterskiöld L, Costa N, Cederlund R, Sirbu C et al. (2009) One-session treatment of specific phobias in youth: a randomized clinical trial in the united states and sweden. J Consult Clin Psychol, 77:504-516.
  • Ollendick TH, Davis III TE (2013) One-session treatment for specific phobias: a review of öst's single-session exposure with children and adolescents. Cogn Behav Ther, 42:275-283.
  • Ollendick TH, Halldorsdottir T, Fraire MG, Austin KE, Noguchi RJP, Lewis KM et al. (2015) Specific phobias in youth: a randomized controlled trial comparing one-session treatment to a parent-augmented one-session treatment. Behav Ther, 46:141-155.
  • Öst LG (1987) One-session treatments for a case of multiple simple phobias. Cogn Behav Ther, 16:175–184.
  • Öst LG, Svensson L, Hellström K, Lindwall R (2001) One-session treatment of specific phobias in youths: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 5:814-827.
  • Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffman TC, Mulrow CD et al. (2021) The prisma 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Br Med J, 372:1-9.
  • Perkins R (2006) The effectiveness of one session of therapy using a single-session therapy approach for childrenand adolescents with mental health problems. Psychol Psychother, 79:215-227.
  • Reinders L (2019) Dropout in the treatment of PTSD: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Doctoral thesis). Enschede, Twente University.
  • Ressler K, Rothbaum BO, Tannenbaum L (2004) Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of d-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 61:1136-1144.
  • Ridic D (2018) Integration of emdr and cbt techniques in treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia - a case report. Psychiatr Danub, 30:326-329.
  • Ritz T, Wilhelm FH, Gerlach AL, Antje K, Walton RT (2005) End-tidal pco2 in blood phobics during viewing of emotion- and disease-related films. Psychosom Med, 67:661-668.
  • Rodenburg R, Benjamin A, de Roos C, Meijer AM, Stams GJ (2009) Efficacy of emdr in children: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev, 29:599–606.
  • Sancassiani F, Romano F, Balestrieri M, Caraci F, Di Sciascio G, Drago F et al. (2019) The prevalence of specific phobia by age in an italian nationwide survey: how much does it affect the quality of life? Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health, 15:30-37.
  • Sepehry AA, Lam K, Sheppard M, Guirguis-Younger M, Maglio AS (2021) Emdr for depression: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 15:2-17.
  • Shapiro, F. (2001). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures, 2nd ed. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Shapiro F, Maxfield L (2002) Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr): Information processing in the treatment of trauma. J Clin Psychol, 58:933-946.
  • Silverman WK, Kurtines WM, Ginsburg GS, Weems CF, Rabian B, Serafini LT (1999) Contingency management, self-control, and education support in the treatment of childhood phobic disorders: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 67:675-687.
  • Silverman WK, Moreno J (2005) Specific phobia. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14:819-843.
  • Signorell A, Saric J, Appenzeller-Herzog C, Ewald H, Burri C, Goetz M et al. (2021) Methodological approaches for conducting follow-up research with clinical trial participants: a scoping review and expert interviews. Trials, 22:961.
  • Sokol L, Fox MG (2019) Anxiety. In The Comprehensive Clinician’s Guide To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Ed J Jackson):113-151. Wisconsin, PESI Publishing & Media.
  • Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, Salazar de Pablo G et al. (2021) Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale metaanalysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry, 27:281-295.
  • Stiede JT, Trent ES, Viana AG, Guzick AG, Storch EA, Hershfield J (2023) Cognitive behavioral therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 32:543–558.
  • Talbot D (2021) Examination of initial evidence for emdr as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 15:167-173.
  • Thng CEW, Lim-Ashworth NSJ, Poh BZQ, Lim CG (2020) Recent developments in the intervention of specific phobia among adults: a rapid review. F1000Res, 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-195.
  • Torres-Giménez A, Garcia-Gibert C, Gelabert E, Mallorquí A, Segu X, Roca-Lecumberri A et al. (2024) Efficacy of emdr for early intervention after a traumatic event: a systematic review and meta- analysis. J Psychiatr Res, 174:73–83.
  • Wang HI, Wright B, Tindall L, Cooper C, Biggs K, Lee E et al. (2022) Cost and effectiveness of one session treatment (ost) for children and young people with specific phobias compared to multi‑session cognitive behavioural therapy (cbt): results from a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 22:547.
  • Wannemueller A, Schaumburg S, Tavenrath S, Bellmann A, Ebel K, Teismann T et al. (2020) Large-group one-session treatment: feasibility and efficacy in 138 individuals with phobic fear of flying. Behav Res Ther,135:103735.
  • Wright B, Tindall L, Scott AJ, Lee E, Biggs K, Cooper C et al. (2022) One-session treatment compared with multisession cbt in children aged 7–16 years with specific phobias: the aspect non-inferiority rct. Health Technol Assess, 26:1-174.
  • Wright SL, Karyotaki E, Cuijpers P, Bisson J, Papola, D Witteveen A et al. (2024) Emdr v. other psychological therapies for ptsd: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Psychol Med, 54:1580–1588.
  • Yıldırım NG, Bahayi K (2023) Özgül fobi ve sınav kaygısı olan ergenlerde emdr terapinin etkisinin incelenmesi. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16:171-189.
  • Yöyen E, Altunpala ED, Barış T (2023) Özgül fobi tedavisinde bir terapi yöntemi olarak "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" uygulaması: deneysel bir çalışma. Nobel Medicus, 19:53-60.
  • Yunitri N, Kao CC, Chu H, Voss J, Chiu HL, Liu D et al. (2020) The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing toward anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatr Res, 123:102-103.
  • Zlomke K, Davis III TE (2008) One-session treatment of specific phobias: a detailed description and review of treatment efficacy. Behav Ther, 39:207-223.

Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Görülen Özgül Fobi için Kullanılan Üç Müdahalenin Etkililiğinin Karşılaştırılması: Sistematik Gözden Geçirme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 773 - 787

Emre Dönmez , Halime Şenay Güzel

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1561033

Öz

Bu araştırma çocukluk ve ergenlik çağında görülen özgül fobinin tedavisine yönelik bilişsel, davranışsal ve bilişsel davranışsal boyutlara sahip kanıta dayalı tedavi yaklaşımlarının gözden geçirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Scopus ve Web of Science veri tabanlarında “treatment”, “adolescent”, “child”, “children”, “phobia” terimleri kullanılarak arama yapılmıştır. İlgili terimlerin en az ikisini başlığında barındıran makaleler seçilmiş ve dışlama kriterlerinin uygulanmasının ardından toplam 14 makale gözden geçirmeye dahil edilmiştir. Tek Seanslık Tedavi (One-Session Treatment [OST]), Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi (BDT) ve Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing [EMDR]) bu çalışmada incelenen tedavi yöntemleridir. Bilişsel davranışçı ve davranışçı tekniklerin kullanıldığı araştırma sonuçlarına göre; OST, BDT ve EMDR’nin her üçünün de anlamlı düzeyde etkili olduğu, kullanım kolaylıkları ve avantajlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda başat rolün OST tarafından üstlenildiği gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada bahsi geçen tedavi yöntemlerinde gerçek hayatta (in vivo) maruz bırakmaların kullanıldığı ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının ise geniş bir yer kaplamadığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

çocuk ergen özgül fobi Tek Seanslık Tedavi Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme

Kaynakça

  • Abene MV, Hamilton JD (1998) Resolution of fear of flying with fluoxetine treatment. J Anxiety Disord, 12:599-603.
  • Alvarez-Perez Y, Rivero F, Herrero M, Vina C, Fumero A, Betancort M et al. (2021) Changes in brain activation through cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure to virtual reality: a neuroimaging study of specific phobia. J Clin Med, 10:3505-3521.
  • APA (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed (DSM-5). Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association.
  • Antony MM, Stein MB (2009) Oxford Handbook of Anxiety and Related Disorders. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Antony MM, Swinson RP (2000) Phobic Disorders and Panic in Adults: A Guide to Assessment and Treatment. Washington DC, American Psychological Association.
  • Arkar H (2020) Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Bozuklukları ve Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapiler (DSM-5 Odaklı). Ankara, Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Azimisefat P, de Jongh A, Rajabi S, Kanske P, Jamshidi F (2022) Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy on symptoms of acrophobia and anxiety sensitivity in adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychol, 13:919148.
  • Bal U, Çakmak S, Uğuz Ş (2013) Anksiyete bozukluklarında cinsiyete göre semptom farklılıkları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 22:441-459.
  • Balon R (1999) Fluvoxamine for phobia of storms. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 100:244-246.
  • Berge KG, Agdal ML, Vika M, Skeie MS (2017) Treatment of intra-oral injection phobia: a randomized delayed intervention controlled trial among norwegian 10- to 16-year-olds. Acta Odontol Scand, 75:294-301.
  • Bilaç Ö, Ercan ES, Uysal T, Aydın C (2014) İlköğretim öğrencilerinde anksiyete ve duygudurum bozuklukları yaygınlığı ve sosyodemografik özellikler. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 25:171-180.
  • Bradley R, Greene J, Russ E, Dutra L, Westen D (2005) A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for ptsd. Am J Psychiatry, 162:214–227.
  • Burstein M, Georgiades K, He JP, Schmitz A, Feig E, Khazanov GK et al. (2012) Specific phobia among u.s. adolescents: phenomenology and typology. Depress Anxiety, 29:1072-1082.
  • Chapman LK, DeLapp RC (2014) Nine session treatment of a blood–injection–injury phobia with manualized cognitive behavioral therapy: an adult case example. Clin Case Stud, 13:299-312.
  • Cuijpers P, Veen SCV, Sijbrandij M, Yoder W, Cristea IA (2020) Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for mental health problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Ther, 49:165-180.
  • Çeri V, Özer Ü, Layık ME, Ay İz FB (2018) Bir çocuk psikiyatri ayaktan tedavi ünitesine başvuran çocuk ve ergenlerde gözlenen psikiyatrik bozuklukların değerlendirilmesi. Van Tıp Dergisi, 25:520-526.
  • Çıtak S (2018) Anksiyete bozukluklarında tedavi yaklaşımları: psikoterapi ve farmakoterapi. Turkiye Klinikleri Family Medicine - Special Topics , 9(3):141-149.
  • David D, Cristea I, Hofmann, SG (2018) Why cognitive behavioral therapy is the current gold standard of psychotherapy. Front Psychiatry, 9:4.
  • Davis III TE, Reuther ET, Rudy BM (2013) One-session treatment of a specific phobia of swallowing pills: a case study. Clin Case Stud, 12:399–410.
  • Demir M, Köskün T (2023) Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of specific phobias: a systematic review. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 15:562-576.
  • Dewis LM, Kirkby KC, Martin F, Daniels BA, Gilroy LJ, Menzies RG (2001) Computer-aided vicarious exposure versus live graded exposure for spider phobia in children. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 32:17-27.
  • Engel GL (1978) Psychological stress, vasodepressor (vasovagal) syncope, and sudden death. Ann Intern Med, 89:403-412.
  • Faretta E, Dal Farra M (2019) Efficacy of emdr therapy for anxiety disorders. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 13:325-332.
  • Farrell LJ, Kershaw H, Ollendick T (2018) Play-modified one-session treatment for young children with a specific phobia of dogs: a multiple baseline case series. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 49:317-329.
  • Farrell LJ, Miyamoto T, Donovan CL, Waters AM, Krisch KA, Ollendick TH (2021) Virtual reality one-session treatment of child-specific phobia of dogs: a controlled, multiple baseline case series. Behav Ther, 52:478-491.
  • Fernandez E, Salem D, Swift JK, Ramtahal N (2015) Meta-analysis of dropout from cognitive behavioral therapy: magnitude, timing, and moderators. J Consult Clin Psychol, 83:1108–1122.
  • Göker Z, Güney E, Dinç G, Hekim Ö, Üneri ÖŞ (2015) Çocuk ve ergenlerde anksiyete ile ilişkili bozuklukların klinik ve demografik özellikleri: bir yıllık kesitsel bir örneklem. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18:7-14.
  • Görmez V, Örengül AC, Baljinyam S, Aliyeva N (2017) Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda tanı dağılımı ve demografik özellikler. Journal of Mood Disorders, 7:41-46.
  • Gupta AE (2021) The efficacy of EMDR versus TF-CBT for the treatment of PTSD (Doktora tezi). Los Angeles, South Calfironia University.
  • Hayward E, Solaiman K, Bee P, Barr A, Edwards H, Lomas J et al. (2022) One-session treatment for specific phobias: barriers, facilitators and acceptability as perceived by children & young people, parents, and clinicians. PloS One, 17:e0274424.
  • Heyne D, King NJ, Tonge BJ, Cooper H (2001) School refusal: epidemiology and management. Paediatr Drugs, 3:719-732.
  • Hudays A, Gallagher R, Hazazi A, Arishi A, Bahari G (2022) Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus cognitive behavior therapy for treating post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19:16836.
  • Iancu I, Levin J, Dannon PN, Poreh A, Yehuda YB, Kotler M (2007) Prevalence of self-reported specific phobia symptoms in an israeli sample of young conscripts. J Anxiety Disord, 21:762-769.
  • de Jong R, Hofs A, Lommen MJJ, van Hout WJPJ, de Jong PJ, Nauta MH (2023a) Treating specific phobia in youth: a randomized controlled microtrial comparing gradual exposure in large steps to exposure in small steps. J Anxiety Disord, 96:102712.
  • de Jong R, Lommen MJJ, van Hout WJPJ, Kuijpers RCWM, Stone L, de Jong P et al. (2023b) Better together? a randomized controlled microtrial comparing different levels of therapist and parental involvement in exposure-based treatment of childhood specific phobia. J Anxiety Disord, 100:102785
  • de Jongh A, Broeke E (2007) Treatment of specific phobias with emdr: conceptualization and strategies for the selection of appropriate memories. Journal of EMDR in Practice and Research, 1:46-56.
  • de Jongh A, Broeke E (2009) Emdr and the anxiety disorders: exploring the current status. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3:133-140.
  • Keenan P, Farrell D, Keenan L, Ingham C (2018) Treating obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) using eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (emdr) therapy: an ethno-phenomenological case series. International Journal of Psychotherapy, 22:74-91.
  • Kerrick SP (2000) Prevalence rates and factor analysis of dsm-iv specific phobia types (Master thesis ). Illinois, Eastern Illinois Üniversitesi.
  • Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of dsm-iv disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 62:593–602.
  • Koç AE, Hocaoğlu Ç (2023) Az bilinen bir özgül fobi ‘ofidiyofobi’: bir olgu sunumu. Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, 32:145-147.
  • Laird J (1919) The law of parsimony. Monist, 29:321-344.
  • LeBeau RT, Glenn D, Liao B, Wittchen HU, Beesdo‐Baum K, Ollendick T et al. (2010) Specific phobia: a review of dsm‐iv specific phobia and preliminary recommendations for dsm‐v. Depress Anxiety, 27:148-167.
  • Lee CW, Cuijpers P (2013) A meta-analysis of the contribution of eye movements in processing emotional memories. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 44:231-239.
  • Linardon J, Hindle A, Brennan L (2018) Dropout from cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Int J Eat Disord, 51:381–391.
  • Lyneham HJ, Abbott MJ, Rapee RM (2007) Interrater reliability of the anxiety disorders interview schedule for dsm-ıv: child and parent version. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 46:731-736.
  • Meentken MG, van der Mheen M, van Beynum IM, Aendekerk EWC, Legerstee JS, van der Ende J et al. (2020) Emdr for children with medically related subthreshold ptsd: short-term effects on ptsd, blood-injection-injury phobia, depression and sleep. Eur J Psychotraumatol, 11:1-13.
  • Miloff A, Lindner P, Dafgård P, Deak S, Garke M, Hamilton W et al. (2019) Automated virtual reality exposure therapy for spider phobia vs. in-vivo one-session treatment: a randomized non-inferiority trial. Behav Res Ther, 118:130–140.
  • Miloff A, Lindner P, Hamilton W, Reuterskiöld L, Andersson G, Carlbring P (2016) Single-session gamified virtual reality exposure therapy for spider phobia vs. traditional exposure therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Trials, 17:60.
  • Moldovan R, David D (2014) One session treatment of cognitive and behavioral therapy and virtual reality for social and specific phobias. preliminary results from a randomized clinical trial. J Cogn Behav Psychother, 14:67-83.
  • Muris P, Merckelbach H, van Haaften H, Mayer B (1997) Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing versus exposure in vivo. Br J Psychiatry, 171:82-86.
  • Muris P, Merckelbach H, Holdrinet I, Sijsenaar M (1998) Treating phobic children: effects of emdr versus exposure. J Consult Clin Psychol, 66:193-198.
  • Muris P, Merckelbach H, de Jong PJ, Ollendick TH (2002) The etiology of specific fears and phobias in children: a critique of the non-associative account. Behav Res Ther, 40:185–195.
  • Mühlberger A, Wiedemann G, Pauili P (2003) Efficacy of a one-session virtual reality exposure treatment for fear of flying. Psychother Res, 13:323-336.
  • Oar EL, Farrell LJ, Conlon EG, Waters AM, Ollendick TH (2017) Patterns of response and remission following a one-session treatment for blood-injection-injury phobia in youth. Child Fam Behav Ther, 39:43–63.
  • Oar EL, Farrell LJ, Waters AM, Conlon EG, Ollendick TH (2015a) One session treatment for pediatric blood-injection-injury phobia: a controlled multiple baseline trial. Behav Res Ther, 73:131-142.
  • Oar EL, Farrell LJ, Ollendick TH (2015b) One session treatment for specific phobia: an adaptation for paediatric blood-injection-injury phobia in youth. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 18:370–394.
  • Ollendick TH, Ost LG, Reuterskiöld L, Costa N, Cederlund R, Sirbu C et al. (2009) One-session treatment of specific phobias in youth: a randomized clinical trial in the united states and sweden. J Consult Clin Psychol, 77:504-516.
  • Ollendick TH, Davis III TE (2013) One-session treatment for specific phobias: a review of öst's single-session exposure with children and adolescents. Cogn Behav Ther, 42:275-283.
  • Ollendick TH, Halldorsdottir T, Fraire MG, Austin KE, Noguchi RJP, Lewis KM et al. (2015) Specific phobias in youth: a randomized controlled trial comparing one-session treatment to a parent-augmented one-session treatment. Behav Ther, 46:141-155.
  • Öst LG (1987) One-session treatments for a case of multiple simple phobias. Cogn Behav Ther, 16:175–184.
  • Öst LG, Svensson L, Hellström K, Lindwall R (2001) One-session treatment of specific phobias in youths: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 5:814-827.
  • Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffman TC, Mulrow CD et al. (2021) The prisma 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Br Med J, 372:1-9.
  • Perkins R (2006) The effectiveness of one session of therapy using a single-session therapy approach for childrenand adolescents with mental health problems. Psychol Psychother, 79:215-227.
  • Reinders L (2019) Dropout in the treatment of PTSD: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Doctoral thesis). Enschede, Twente University.
  • Ressler K, Rothbaum BO, Tannenbaum L (2004) Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of d-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 61:1136-1144.
  • Ridic D (2018) Integration of emdr and cbt techniques in treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia - a case report. Psychiatr Danub, 30:326-329.
  • Ritz T, Wilhelm FH, Gerlach AL, Antje K, Walton RT (2005) End-tidal pco2 in blood phobics during viewing of emotion- and disease-related films. Psychosom Med, 67:661-668.
  • Rodenburg R, Benjamin A, de Roos C, Meijer AM, Stams GJ (2009) Efficacy of emdr in children: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev, 29:599–606.
  • Sancassiani F, Romano F, Balestrieri M, Caraci F, Di Sciascio G, Drago F et al. (2019) The prevalence of specific phobia by age in an italian nationwide survey: how much does it affect the quality of life? Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health, 15:30-37.
  • Sepehry AA, Lam K, Sheppard M, Guirguis-Younger M, Maglio AS (2021) Emdr for depression: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 15:2-17.
  • Shapiro, F. (2001). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures, 2nd ed. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Shapiro F, Maxfield L (2002) Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr): Information processing in the treatment of trauma. J Clin Psychol, 58:933-946.
  • Silverman WK, Kurtines WM, Ginsburg GS, Weems CF, Rabian B, Serafini LT (1999) Contingency management, self-control, and education support in the treatment of childhood phobic disorders: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 67:675-687.
  • Silverman WK, Moreno J (2005) Specific phobia. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14:819-843.
  • Signorell A, Saric J, Appenzeller-Herzog C, Ewald H, Burri C, Goetz M et al. (2021) Methodological approaches for conducting follow-up research with clinical trial participants: a scoping review and expert interviews. Trials, 22:961.
  • Sokol L, Fox MG (2019) Anxiety. In The Comprehensive Clinician’s Guide To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Ed J Jackson):113-151. Wisconsin, PESI Publishing & Media.
  • Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, Salazar de Pablo G et al. (2021) Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale metaanalysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry, 27:281-295.
  • Stiede JT, Trent ES, Viana AG, Guzick AG, Storch EA, Hershfield J (2023) Cognitive behavioral therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 32:543–558.
  • Talbot D (2021) Examination of initial evidence for emdr as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 15:167-173.
  • Thng CEW, Lim-Ashworth NSJ, Poh BZQ, Lim CG (2020) Recent developments in the intervention of specific phobia among adults: a rapid review. F1000Res, 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-195.
  • Torres-Giménez A, Garcia-Gibert C, Gelabert E, Mallorquí A, Segu X, Roca-Lecumberri A et al. (2024) Efficacy of emdr for early intervention after a traumatic event: a systematic review and meta- analysis. J Psychiatr Res, 174:73–83.
  • Wang HI, Wright B, Tindall L, Cooper C, Biggs K, Lee E et al. (2022) Cost and effectiveness of one session treatment (ost) for children and young people with specific phobias compared to multi‑session cognitive behavioural therapy (cbt): results from a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 22:547.
  • Wannemueller A, Schaumburg S, Tavenrath S, Bellmann A, Ebel K, Teismann T et al. (2020) Large-group one-session treatment: feasibility and efficacy in 138 individuals with phobic fear of flying. Behav Res Ther,135:103735.
  • Wright B, Tindall L, Scott AJ, Lee E, Biggs K, Cooper C et al. (2022) One-session treatment compared with multisession cbt in children aged 7–16 years with specific phobias: the aspect non-inferiority rct. Health Technol Assess, 26:1-174.
  • Wright SL, Karyotaki E, Cuijpers P, Bisson J, Papola, D Witteveen A et al. (2024) Emdr v. other psychological therapies for ptsd: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Psychol Med, 54:1580–1588.
  • Yıldırım NG, Bahayi K (2023) Özgül fobi ve sınav kaygısı olan ergenlerde emdr terapinin etkisinin incelenmesi. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16:171-189.
  • Yöyen E, Altunpala ED, Barış T (2023) Özgül fobi tedavisinde bir terapi yöntemi olarak "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" uygulaması: deneysel bir çalışma. Nobel Medicus, 19:53-60.
  • Yunitri N, Kao CC, Chu H, Voss J, Chiu HL, Liu D et al. (2020) The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing toward anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatr Res, 123:102-103.
  • Zlomke K, Davis III TE (2008) One-session treatment of specific phobias: a detailed description and review of treatment efficacy. Behav Ther, 39:207-223.
Toplam 90 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikopatoloji, Klinik Psikoloji, Psikoterapi Uygulama ve Araştırmaları, Çocuk ve Ergen Gelişimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Emre Dönmez 0009-0007-7005-7247

Halime Şenay Güzel 0000-0002-5345-6947

Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 14 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

AMA Dönmez E, Güzel HŞ. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Interventions for Specific Phobia in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 17(4):773-787. doi:10.18863/pgy.1561033

Creative Commons Lisansı
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.