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Examining the Therapist Mindfulness in the Context of Therapeutic Alliance and Therapeutic Relationship: A Systematic Review

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 687 - 706

Emine Baylar , Seda Sapmaz Yurtsever

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1561473

Öz

The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review literature researches examining the relationships between therapist mindfulness and the therapeutic alliance and therapeutic relationship. To this end, articles published on the subject between 2006 and 2024 were identified through a search databases PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Taylor & Francis Online, Science Direct, Turkish Psychiatry Index, ULAKBIM and TR Index databases using the identified keywords. After rigorous evaluation process based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies were included in this study. Mindfulness practices were mostly conducted under the guidance of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction programme, which includes a variety of practices such as body scanning, hatha yoga, sitting meditation, daily mindfulness practices and conscious relaxation exercises. The results showed that mindfulness supports the therapeutic alliance in a very consistent way. It was found that therapists' acceptance of themselves and their clients increased with the practice of mindfulness, and that clinicians with high levels of mindfulness were able to maintain the therapeutic alliance more effectively. It was found that clinicians who practised mindfulness on a weekly basis were able to engage in a stronger therapeutic alliance than those who did not practise at all, and clinicians with a high frequency of weekly practice were able to engage in a stronger therapeutic alliance than those with a low frequency of practice. In addition, mindfulness practice was found to support the therapeutic alliance through several mechanisms, such as reducing countertransference, increasing empathy, and increasing tolerance of negative emotions. In conclusion, the findings of this review suggest that increasing therapists' levels of mindfulness would be a highly worthwhile endeavour in terms of developing a strong therapeutic alliance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Therapist mindfulness mindfulness therapeutic alliance therapeutic relationship

Kaynakça

  • Aggs C, Bambling M (2010) Teaching mindfulness to psychotherapists in clinical practice: the mindful therapy programme. Couns Psychother Res, 10:278-286.
  • Aldridge M (2015) Modelling mindful practice. Reflective Practice, 16:312-321.
  • Baer RA, Smith GT, Allen KB (2004) Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the kentucky ınventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11:191-206.
  • Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L (2006) Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13:27-45.
  • Baker KA (1999) The importance of cultural sensitivity and therapist self‐awareness when working with mandatory clients. Fam Process, 38:55-67.
  • Baker S (2015) Working in the present moment: the impact of mindfulness on trainee psychotherapists’ experience of relational depth. Couns Psychother Res, 16:5-14.
  • Baminiwatta A, Solangaarachchi I (2021) Trends and developments in mindfulness research over 55 years: a bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in web of science. Mindfulness (N Y), 12:2099-2116.
  • Bear RA (2003) Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clin Psychol Sci Pract, 10:125-143.
  • Boellinghaus I, Jones FW, Hutton J (2013) Cultivating self-care and compassion in psychological therapists in training: the experience of practicing loving-kindness meditation. Train Educ Prof Psychol, 7:267-277.
  • Bohlmeijer E, Ten Klooster PM, Fledderus M, Veehof M, Baer R (2011) Psychometric properties of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in depressed adults and development of a short form. Assessment, 18:308-320.
  • Bordin ES (1979) The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy (Chic), 16:252-260.
  • Brito G (2014) Rethinking mindfulness in the therapeutic relationship. Mindfulness (N Y), 5:351-359.
  • Brown KW, Ryan RM (2003) The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 84:822-848.
  • Bruce NG, Manber R, Shapiro SL, Constantino MJ (2010) Psychotherapist mindfulness and the psychotherapy process. Psychotherapy, 47:83-105.
  • Campbell J, Christopher J (2012) Teaching mindfulness to create effective counselors. J Ment Health Couns, 34:213-226.
  • Castonguay LG, Constantino MJ, Boswell JF, Kraus DR (2010) The Therapeutic Alliance: Research and Theory. In Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions. (Eds LM Horowitz, S Strack):509-518. New Jersey, Wiley.
  • Catty J (2004) ‘The vehicle of success’: theoretical and empirical perspectives on the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy and psychiatry. Psychol Psychother, 77:255-272.
  • Chrisman JA, Christopher JC, Lichtenstein SJ (2009) Qigong as a mindfulness practise for counseling students: a qualitative study. J Humanist Psychol, 49:236-257.
  • Christopher JC, Chrisman JA, Trotter-Mathison MJ, Schure MB, Dahlen P, Christopher SB (2011) Perceptions of the long-term influence of mindfulness training on counselors and psychotherapists: a qualitative inquiry. J Humanist Psychol, 51:318-349.
  • Christopher JC, Christopher SE, Dunnagan T, Schure M (2006) Teaching self-care through mindfulness practices: the application of yoga, meditation, and qigong to counselor training. J Humanist Psychol, 46:494-509.
  • Christopher JC, Maris JA (2010) Integrating mindfulness as self‐care into counselling and psychotherapy training. Couns Psychother Res, 10:114-125.
  • Cigolla F, Brown D (2011) A way of being: bringing mindfulness into individual therapy. Psychother Res, 21:709-721.
  • Cozolino L (2014) The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and The Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. New York, WW Norton.
  • Davis MH (1983) Measuring individual differences in empathy: evidence for a multidimensional approach. J Pers Soc Psychol, 44:113-126.
  • Dinger U, Strack M, Leichsenring F, Wilmers F, Schauenburg H (2008) Therapist effects on outcome and alliance in inpatient psychotherapy. J Clin Psychol, 64:344-354.
  • Dorian M, Killebrew JE (2014) A study of mindfulness and self-care: a path to self-compassion for female therapists in training, Women Ther, 37:155-163.
  • Duffy JT, Guiffrida DA, Araneda ME, Tetenov SM, Fitzgibbons SC (2017) A qualitative study of the experiences of counseling students who participate in mindfulness-based activities in a counseling theory and practice course. Int J Adv Couns, 39:28-42.
  • Duncan BL, Miller SD, Sparks JA, Claud DA, Reynolds LR, Brown J et. al. (2003) The session rating scale: preliminary psychometric properties of a “working” alliance measure. J Brief Ther, 3:3-12.
  • Dunn R, Callahan JL, Swift JK, Ivanovic M (2013) Effects of pre-session centering for therapists on session presence and effectiveness. Psychother Res, 23:78-85.
  • Felton TM, Coates L, Christopher JC (2015) Impact of mindfulness training on counseling students' perceptions of stress. Mindfulness (N Y), 6:159-169.
  • Ferreira GF, Demarzo M (2024) Trends of research on mindfulness: a bibliometric study of an emerging field. Trends Psychol, 32:466-479.
  • Fletcher L, Pond R, Gardiner B (2021) Student counsellor experiences of mindfulness-based intervention training: a systematic review of the qualitative literature. Psychother Res, 32:306-328.
  • Freeman A, McCluskey R (2005) Resistance: Impediments to Effective Psychotherapy. In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (Eds Freeman A):334-340. New York, Plenum US.
  • Freud S (1913) On the beginning of treatment: further recommendations on the technique of psychoanalysis. In The Standard Edition of The Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Eds and Trans Strachey):122-144. London, Hogarth Press.
  • Geller SM, Greenberg LS, Watson JC (2010) Therapist and client perceptions of therapeutic presence: the development of a measure. Psychother Res, 20:599-610.
  • Gelso C (2014) A tripartite model of the therapeutic relationship: theory, research, and practice. Psychother Res, 24:117-131.
  • Gelso CJ (2011) The Real Relationship in Psychotherapy: The Hidden Foundation of Change. Washington DC, American Psychological Association.
  • Gelso CJ, Kline KV (2019) The sister concepts of the working alliance and the real relationship: on their development, rupture and repair. Res Psychother, 22:142-149.
  • Germer CK (2005) Mindfulness: what is it? what does it matter? In Mindfulness and Psychotherapy. (Eds Germer CK, Siegel RD, Fulton PR):3–27. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Glosh A (2019) Therapeutic relationship: riding on a bumpy road and steering through to the destination. Indian J Soc Psychiatry, 35:19-23.
  • Greason PB, Cashwell CS (2009) Mindfulness and counseling self‐efficacy: the mediating role of attention and empathy. Teach Superv Couns, 49:2-19.
  • Greason PB, Welfare LE (2013) The impact of mindfulness and meditation practice on client perceptions of common therapeutic factors. J Humanist Couns, 52:235-253.
  • Greenson RR (1967) The Technique and Practice of Psychoanalysis. New York, International Universities Press.
  • Grepmair L, Mitterlehner F, Loew T, Bachler E, Rother W, Nickel M (2007) Promoting mindfulness in psychotherapists in training influences the treatment results of their patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Psychother Psychosom, 76:332-338.
  • Gülüm İV (2016) Etkili terapist özellikleri için farkındalık eğitim ve uygulamaları: bir meta-sentez çalışması. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 8:337-353.
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Terapistin Bilinçli Farkındalığının Terapötik İttifak ve Terapötik İlişki Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 687 - 706

Emine Baylar , Seda Sapmaz Yurtsever

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1561473

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, terapistin bilinçli farkındalığı ile terapötik ittifak ve terapötik ilişki arasındaki ilişkileri inceleyen alanyazın çalışmalarını sistematik olarak gözden geçirmektir. Bu amaçla, 2006- 2024 yılları arasında konu ile ilgili yayınlanmış makaleler belirlenen anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Taylor & Francis Online, Science Direct, Türk Psikiyatri Dizini, ULAKBİM ve TR Dizin veri tabanlarında taranmıştır. Dahil etme ve hariç tutma kriterlerine dayalı incelikli bir değerlendirme sürecinin ardından, nicel, nitel ve karma yöntemlerle yürütülmüş 25 araştırma bu çalışma kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Bilinçli farkındalık uygulamaları çoğunlukla beden tarama tekniği, hatha yoga, oturma meditasyonu, günlük farkındalık uygulamaları ve bilinçli gevşeme egzersizleri gibi farklı pratikleri içeren Farkındalık Temelli Stres Azaltma programı rehberliğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar son derece tutarlı bir şekilde bilinçli farkındalığın terapötik ittifakı desteklediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bilinçli farkındalık uygulamaları ile terapistlerin kendilerine ve danışanlarına yönelik kabulünün arttığı, bilinçli farkındalık düzeyi yüksek olan klinisyenlerin ise terapötik ittifakı daha etkili biçimde sürdürebildikleri bulunmuştur. Haftalık olarak farkındalık egzersizi yapan klinisyenlerin hiç pratik yapmayanlara göre; haftalık egzersiz sıklığı yüksek olan klinisyenlerin ise uygulama sıklığı düşük olanlara kıyasla daha güçlü terapötik ittifak kurabildikleri saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, bilinçli farkındalık uygulamalarının karşı aktarımı azaltma, empatiyi ve olumsuz duygulara karşı tahammülü arttırma gibi farklı mekanizmalar aracılığıyla terapötik ittifakı desteklediği bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu derlemenin bulguları, terapistlerin bilinçli farkındalık düzeylerini artırmalarının, güçlü bir terapötik ittifak geliştirme açısından oldukça kaydadeğer bir çaba olacağını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Terapistin bilinçli farkındalığı mindfulness terapötik ittifak terapötik ilişki

Kaynakça

  • Aggs C, Bambling M (2010) Teaching mindfulness to psychotherapists in clinical practice: the mindful therapy programme. Couns Psychother Res, 10:278-286.
  • Aldridge M (2015) Modelling mindful practice. Reflective Practice, 16:312-321.
  • Baer RA, Smith GT, Allen KB (2004) Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the kentucky ınventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11:191-206.
  • Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L (2006) Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13:27-45.
  • Baker KA (1999) The importance of cultural sensitivity and therapist self‐awareness when working with mandatory clients. Fam Process, 38:55-67.
  • Baker S (2015) Working in the present moment: the impact of mindfulness on trainee psychotherapists’ experience of relational depth. Couns Psychother Res, 16:5-14.
  • Baminiwatta A, Solangaarachchi I (2021) Trends and developments in mindfulness research over 55 years: a bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in web of science. Mindfulness (N Y), 12:2099-2116.
  • Bear RA (2003) Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clin Psychol Sci Pract, 10:125-143.
  • Boellinghaus I, Jones FW, Hutton J (2013) Cultivating self-care and compassion in psychological therapists in training: the experience of practicing loving-kindness meditation. Train Educ Prof Psychol, 7:267-277.
  • Bohlmeijer E, Ten Klooster PM, Fledderus M, Veehof M, Baer R (2011) Psychometric properties of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in depressed adults and development of a short form. Assessment, 18:308-320.
  • Bordin ES (1979) The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy (Chic), 16:252-260.
  • Brito G (2014) Rethinking mindfulness in the therapeutic relationship. Mindfulness (N Y), 5:351-359.
  • Brown KW, Ryan RM (2003) The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 84:822-848.
  • Bruce NG, Manber R, Shapiro SL, Constantino MJ (2010) Psychotherapist mindfulness and the psychotherapy process. Psychotherapy, 47:83-105.
  • Campbell J, Christopher J (2012) Teaching mindfulness to create effective counselors. J Ment Health Couns, 34:213-226.
  • Castonguay LG, Constantino MJ, Boswell JF, Kraus DR (2010) The Therapeutic Alliance: Research and Theory. In Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions. (Eds LM Horowitz, S Strack):509-518. New Jersey, Wiley.
  • Catty J (2004) ‘The vehicle of success’: theoretical and empirical perspectives on the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy and psychiatry. Psychol Psychother, 77:255-272.
  • Chrisman JA, Christopher JC, Lichtenstein SJ (2009) Qigong as a mindfulness practise for counseling students: a qualitative study. J Humanist Psychol, 49:236-257.
  • Christopher JC, Chrisman JA, Trotter-Mathison MJ, Schure MB, Dahlen P, Christopher SB (2011) Perceptions of the long-term influence of mindfulness training on counselors and psychotherapists: a qualitative inquiry. J Humanist Psychol, 51:318-349.
  • Christopher JC, Christopher SE, Dunnagan T, Schure M (2006) Teaching self-care through mindfulness practices: the application of yoga, meditation, and qigong to counselor training. J Humanist Psychol, 46:494-509.
  • Christopher JC, Maris JA (2010) Integrating mindfulness as self‐care into counselling and psychotherapy training. Couns Psychother Res, 10:114-125.
  • Cigolla F, Brown D (2011) A way of being: bringing mindfulness into individual therapy. Psychother Res, 21:709-721.
  • Cozolino L (2014) The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and The Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. New York, WW Norton.
  • Davis MH (1983) Measuring individual differences in empathy: evidence for a multidimensional approach. J Pers Soc Psychol, 44:113-126.
  • Dinger U, Strack M, Leichsenring F, Wilmers F, Schauenburg H (2008) Therapist effects on outcome and alliance in inpatient psychotherapy. J Clin Psychol, 64:344-354.
  • Dorian M, Killebrew JE (2014) A study of mindfulness and self-care: a path to self-compassion for female therapists in training, Women Ther, 37:155-163.
  • Duffy JT, Guiffrida DA, Araneda ME, Tetenov SM, Fitzgibbons SC (2017) A qualitative study of the experiences of counseling students who participate in mindfulness-based activities in a counseling theory and practice course. Int J Adv Couns, 39:28-42.
  • Duncan BL, Miller SD, Sparks JA, Claud DA, Reynolds LR, Brown J et. al. (2003) The session rating scale: preliminary psychometric properties of a “working” alliance measure. J Brief Ther, 3:3-12.
  • Dunn R, Callahan JL, Swift JK, Ivanovic M (2013) Effects of pre-session centering for therapists on session presence and effectiveness. Psychother Res, 23:78-85.
  • Felton TM, Coates L, Christopher JC (2015) Impact of mindfulness training on counseling students' perceptions of stress. Mindfulness (N Y), 6:159-169.
  • Ferreira GF, Demarzo M (2024) Trends of research on mindfulness: a bibliometric study of an emerging field. Trends Psychol, 32:466-479.
  • Fletcher L, Pond R, Gardiner B (2021) Student counsellor experiences of mindfulness-based intervention training: a systematic review of the qualitative literature. Psychother Res, 32:306-328.
  • Freeman A, McCluskey R (2005) Resistance: Impediments to Effective Psychotherapy. In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (Eds Freeman A):334-340. New York, Plenum US.
  • Freud S (1913) On the beginning of treatment: further recommendations on the technique of psychoanalysis. In The Standard Edition of The Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Eds and Trans Strachey):122-144. London, Hogarth Press.
  • Geller SM, Greenberg LS, Watson JC (2010) Therapist and client perceptions of therapeutic presence: the development of a measure. Psychother Res, 20:599-610.
  • Gelso C (2014) A tripartite model of the therapeutic relationship: theory, research, and practice. Psychother Res, 24:117-131.
  • Gelso CJ (2011) The Real Relationship in Psychotherapy: The Hidden Foundation of Change. Washington DC, American Psychological Association.
  • Gelso CJ, Kline KV (2019) The sister concepts of the working alliance and the real relationship: on their development, rupture and repair. Res Psychother, 22:142-149.
  • Germer CK (2005) Mindfulness: what is it? what does it matter? In Mindfulness and Psychotherapy. (Eds Germer CK, Siegel RD, Fulton PR):3–27. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Glosh A (2019) Therapeutic relationship: riding on a bumpy road and steering through to the destination. Indian J Soc Psychiatry, 35:19-23.
  • Greason PB, Cashwell CS (2009) Mindfulness and counseling self‐efficacy: the mediating role of attention and empathy. Teach Superv Couns, 49:2-19.
  • Greason PB, Welfare LE (2013) The impact of mindfulness and meditation practice on client perceptions of common therapeutic factors. J Humanist Couns, 52:235-253.
  • Greenson RR (1967) The Technique and Practice of Psychoanalysis. New York, International Universities Press.
  • Grepmair L, Mitterlehner F, Loew T, Bachler E, Rother W, Nickel M (2007) Promoting mindfulness in psychotherapists in training influences the treatment results of their patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Psychother Psychosom, 76:332-338.
  • Gülüm İV (2016) Etkili terapist özellikleri için farkındalık eğitim ve uygulamaları: bir meta-sentez çalışması. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 8:337-353.
  • Gülüm İV (2017) Farkındalık eğitim ve uygulamalarının terapistlerin kişisel yaşamlarına etkisi: bir meta-sentez çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 7:117-134.
  • Gülüm İV, Soygüt Pekak G (2018) Etkili Psikoterapistlik: Terapötik İttifak Odaklı Uygulamalar, 2nd ed. Ankara, Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Hayes JA, McCracken JE, McClanahan MK, Hill CE, Harp JS, Carozzoni P (1998) Therapist perspectives on countertransference: qualitative data in search of a theory. J Couns Psychol, 45:468-482.
  • Hemanth P, Fisher P (2015) Clinical psychology trainees’ experiences of mindfulness: an interpretive phenomenological analysis. Mindfulness (N Y), 6:1143-1152.
  • Hopkins A, Proeve M (2013) Teaching mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to trainee psychologists: qualitative and quantitative effects. Couns Psychol Q, 26:115-130.
  • Horst K, Newsom K, Stith S (2013) Client and therapist initial experience of using mindfulness in therapy. Psychother Res, 23:369-380.
  • Horvath AO (2000) The therapeutic relationship: from transference to alliance. J Clin Psychol, 56:163-173.
  • Horvath AO (2005) The therapeutic relationship: research and theory: an introduction to the special issue. Psychother Res, 15:3-7.
  • Horvath AO, Bedi RP (2002) The Alliance. In Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Evidence-Based Responsiveness. (Eds Norcross JC):37–69. New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Horvath AO, Greenberg LS (1989) Development and validation of the working alliance ınventory. J Couns Psychol, 36:223-233.
  • Horvath AO, Luborsky L (1993) The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol, 61:561–573.
  • Huppert JD, Bufka LF, Barlow DH, Gorman JM, Shear MK, Woods SW (2001) Therapists, therapist variables and cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in a multicenter trial for panic disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 69:747-775.
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  • Johnson DA (2018) The relationship between state mindfulness and working alliance among counselors‐in‐training. J Humanist Couns, 57:31-50.
  • Johnson DA, Frazee M, Bourn NS, Ivers NN (2019) Evaluating differences in the working alliance based on frequency of mindfulness practices among counselors‐in‐training. J Humanist Couns, 58:34-52.
  • Johnson DA, Walsh A (2021) Associations between specific mindfulness practices and in‐session relational factors. J Couns Dev, 99:372-383.
  • Kalmar J, Baumann I, Gruber E, Vonderlin E, Bents H, Neubauer AB et. al. (2022) The impact of session-introducing mindfulness and relaxation interventions in individual psychotherapy for children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial (MARS-CA). Trials, 23:291.
  • Kanzer M (1981) “Freud’s” analytic pact: the standard therapeutic alliance. J Am Psychoanal Assoc, 29:69-87.
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  • Schure MB, Christopher J, Christopher S (2008) Mind–body medicine and the art of self‐care: teaching mindfulness to counseling students through yoga, meditation and qigong. J Couns Dev, 86:47-56.
  • Shapiro SL, Brown KW, Biegel GM (2007) Teaching self-care to caregivers: effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training. Train Educ Prof Psychol, 1:105-115.
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  • Siegel DJ (2007) Mindful Brain: Reflection and Attunement in the Cultivation of Well Being. New York, WW Norton.
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  • Smith K, Kinsella EA, Moodie S, McCorquodale L, Teachman G (2024) Mindfulness and therapeutıc relatıonshıps: ınsıghts from a phenomenologıcal study of occupatıonal therapısts' practices. The International Journal of Whole Person Care, 11(Suppl 1):21-22.
  • Soygüt G, Işıklı S (2008) Terapötik ittifakın değerlendirilmesi: terapötik ittifak ölçeği’nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 19:398-408.
  • Stafford‐Brown J, Pakenham KI (2012) The effectiveness of an ACT informed intervention for managing stress and improving therapist qualities in clinical psychology trainees. J Clin Psychol, 68:592-613.
  • Walach H, Buchheld N, Buttenmüller V, Kleinknecht N, Schmidt S (2006) Measuring mindfulness—the Freiburg mindfulness inventory (FMI). Pers Individ Dif, 40:1543-1555.
  • Wampold BE (2001) The Great Psychotherapy Debate: Models, Methods and Findings. New Jersey, Routledge.
  • Wampold BE (2015) How important are the common factors in psychotherapy? an update. World Psychiatry, 14:270-277.
Toplam 92 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Psikoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Emine Baylar 0009-0000-0376-4610

Seda Sapmaz Yurtsever 0000-0003-3517-2550

Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

AMA Baylar E, Sapmaz Yurtsever S. Examining the Therapist Mindfulness in the Context of Therapeutic Alliance and Therapeutic Relationship: A Systematic Review. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 17(4):687-706. doi:10.18863/pgy.1561473

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