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Yüzmede Genel ve Özel Hazırlık Döneminde Sağlığa İlişkin Fitness Parametrelerinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 88 - 98, 20.06.2025

İlhan Odabaş , Benil Kıstak Altan

https://doi.org/10.62425/rses.1552246

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, genel ve özel hazırlık dönemlerindeki yüzücülerin sağlıkla ilgili fitness parametrelerini karşılaştırmaktır. Otuz altı yüzücü gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Genel hazırlıktan önce ve sonra ve özel hazırlıktan sonra yüzücülerin dayanıklılık, kuvvet, esneklik, vücut kompozisyonu ve solunum parametrelerinin ölçümleri alınmıştır. Ön ve son testler, genel hazırlıktan önce ve sonra ve özel hazırlıktan sonra iki aylık aralıklarla yapılmıştır. İlk ölçümlerden sonra yüzücüler sekiz hafta boyunca genel antrenman programını uygulamış ve ardından ölçümler tekrarlanmıştır. Bunu takiben, hıza dayalı özel antrenman sekiz hafta boyunca sürdürülmüş ve ardından ölçümler tekrarlanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 24.0 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Veriler normal dağılım gösterdiğinden, üç farklı dönemde yüzücüler arasındaki tüm parametreleri karşılaştırmak için tekrarlanan ölçümler varyans analizi yaptık. Vücut kompozisyonu (yağsız vücut ağırlığı genel öncesi 36.79±3.97kg genel sonrası 37.25±3.96kg özel sonrası 37.73±3.88kg), solunum fonksiyonu (FVC genel öncesi 3.30±0.56L genel sonrası 3.44±0.55L özel sonrası 3.59±0. 54L), esneklik (genel öncesi 26,00±7,74cm genel sonrası 26,44±6,94cm özel sonrası 27,51±7,79cm), el kavrama gücü (genel öncesi 42,35±12,58kg özel sonrası 51,33±11,71kg) ve izokinetik omuz gücü (ΔOrtalama güç~4W ΔOrtalama pik tork~2Nm) (p<0,05). Özel hazırlık döneminde hız odaklı antrenman, sağlıkla ilgili fitness parametrelerini iyileştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yüzme genel hazırlık dönemi özel hazırlık dönemi fitness parametreleri

Kaynakça

  • Alaydin, A., & Kamuk, Y. (2020). Physical and physiological characteristics of 11 – and 12-year-old swimmers participated in the Turkish swimming championship qualification round. Eurasian Research in Sport Science, 5(1), 26-43. https://doi.org/10.35333/ERISS.2020.168
  • Alshdokhi, K., Petersen, C., & Clarke, J. (2020). Effect of 8 weeks of grip strength training on adolescent sprint swimming: a randomized controlled trial. Exercise Medicine, 4(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26644/em.2020.001
  • Bond, D., Goodson, L., Oxford, S. W., Nevill, A. M., & Duncan, M. J. (2015). The association between anthropometric variables, functional movement screen scores and 100 m freestyle swimming performance in youth swimmers. Sports, 3(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports3010001
  • Cañas-Jamett, R., Figueroa-Puig, J., Ramirez-Campillo, R., & Tuesta, M. (2020). Plyometric training improves swimming performance in recreationally-trained swimmers. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 26(5), 436-440. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202026052019_0052
  • Cerqueira, M. S., Amorim, P. R. S., Encarnação, I. G. A., Rezende, L. M. T., Almeida, P. H. R. F., Silva, A. M., Sillero-Quintana, M., Silva, D. A. S., Santos, F. K. & Marins, J. C. B. (2022). Equations based on anthropometric measurements for adipose tissue, body fat, or body density prediction in children and adolescents: A scoping review. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 27, 2321-2338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-022-01405-7
  • Ceylan, R. (2021). How do swimming and tennis trainings affect hand grip strength?. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 23(3), 71-80.
  • Chang, S., Cheng, L., & Zhou, J. (2013). Research on isokinetic shoulder strength testing of female elite swimmers. ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive.
  • Cicek, G., Gullu, A., & Gullu, E. (2018). Comparison of body composition and some physiological parameters of swimmer and sedanter children. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Science, 3(2), 85-97. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.421261
  • Cronin, J., Lawton, T., Harris, N., Kilding, A., & McMaster, D. T. (2017). A brief review of handgrip strength and sport performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(11), 3187-3217. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002149
  • Dos Santos, M. A., Henrique, R. S., Salvina, M., Silva, A. H. O., Junior, M. A. D. V., Queiroz, D. R., Duncan, M. J., Maia, J. A. R., & Nevill, A. M. (2021). The influence of anthropometric variables, body composition, propulsive force and maturation on 50m freestyle swimming performance in junior swimmers: an allometric approach. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(14), 1615-1620. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1891685
  • Fiori, J. M., Zacca, R., & Castro, F. A. D. S. (2022). 200-m front crawl performance over a training season in 12 years and underage-group swimmers: growth and kinematics effects. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 28, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-657420220001222
  • Gaudet, S., Tremblay, J., & Dal Maso, F. (2018). Evolution of muscular fatigue in periscapular and rotator cuff muscles during isokinetic shoulder rotations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(18), 2121-2128. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1440513
  • Geladas, N. D., Nassis, G. P., & Pavlicevic, S. (2005). Somatic and physical traits affecting sprint swimming performance in young swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(02), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-817862
  • Gokhan, I., Kurkcu, R., & Aysan, H. A. (2011). The effect of swimming training on body composition and motoric features in adult sedentary young men. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 2(1), 69-73. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2011.01.0212
  • Gonjo, T., Fernandes, R. J., Vilas-Boas, J. P., & Sanders, R. (2020). Upper body kinematic differences between maximum front crawl and backstroke swimming. Journal of Biomechanics, 98, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109452
  • Honório, S., Mendes, P. D. M., Batista, M., Serrano, J., Duarte, R. M., Oliveira, J., & Petrica, J. (2019). Effects of swimming and water walking on body composition and spirometric values in young children. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(1proc), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.Proc1.06
  • Inan, S., & Saygın, O. (2019). The investigation the effect of anthropometric, physiological and physical properties on competition performance of young swimmers. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences, 5(4), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.644211
  • Kim, C. R., Jeon, Y. J., Kim, M. C., Jeong, T., & Koo, W. R. (2018). Reference values for hand grip strength in the South Korean population. PLoS One, 13(4), e0195485. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195485
  • Kistak, B., Bulgan, C., Meric-Bingul, B., & Basar, M. A. (2019). The relationship between 25m different style swimming performances and motor skills of 8-10 age group. Journal of Sports and Performance Researches, 10(2), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.469102
  • Lima-Borges, D. S., Portilho, N. O., Araujo, D. S., Ravagnani, C. F. C., & Almeida, J. A. (2022). Anthropometry and physical performance in swimmers of different styles. Science & Sports, 37(7), 542-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2021.07.007
  • Lynch, S. S., Thigpen, C. A., Mihalik, J. P., Prentice, W. E., & Padua, D. (2010). The effects of an exercise intervention on forward head and rounded shoulder postures in elite swimmers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(5), 376-81. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.066837
  • Matsuura, Y., Matsunaga, N., Akuzawa, H., Oshikawa, T., & Kaneoka, K. (2023). Comparison of muscle coordination during front crawl and backstroke with and without swimmer’s shoulder pain. Sports Health, Article ID 19417381231166957. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381231166957
  • Matthews, M. J., Green, D., Matthews, H., & Swanwick, E. (2017). The effects of swimming fatigue on shoulder strength, range of motion, joint control, and performance in swimmers. Physical Therapy in Sport, 23, 118-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.08.011
  • McNarry, M. A., Lester, L., Brown, J., & Mackintosh, K. A. (2020). Investigating the modulatory role of chronological and biological age on performance predictors in youth swimmers. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2, 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-020-00082-1
  • Muthusamy, S., Balasubramanian, K., Subramaniam, A., & Balasubramnaiyam, A. (2022). Effects of individualized training and respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function among collegiate swimmers: an experimental study. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(3), 64-70. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.17309/tmfv.2022.3s.09
  • Nadobnik, J., & Wiażewicz, A. (2021). Strength abilities in sports swimming a systematic review. Acta Kinesiologica, 15(2), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.4
  • Nag, A., Nag, P. K., & Desai, H. (2003). Hand anthropometry of Indian women. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 117, 260-269.
  • Nasirzade, A., Sadeghi, A., Sobhkhiz, A., Mohammadian, K., Nikouei, A., Baghaiyan, M., & Fattahi, A. (2015). Multivariate analysis of 200-m front crawl swimming performance in young male swimmers. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 17(3), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.5277/ABB-00160-2014-03
  • Nikšić, E., Beganović, E., Joksimović, M., & Mušović, A. (2020). The influence of balance and flexibility on the performance of freestyle swimming. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Studies, 12(2), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.30655/besad.2020.28
  • Okrzymowska, P., Kurzaj, M., Seidel, W., & Rożek-Piechura, K. (2019). Eight weeks of inspiratory muscle training improves pulmonary function in disabled swimmers—a randomized trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10), Article ID 1747. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101747
  • Oliveira, M., Henrique, R. S., Queiroz, D. R., Salvina, M., Melo, W. V., & Moura dos Santos, M. A. (2021). Anthropometric variables, propulsive force and biological maturation: a mediation analysis in young swimmers. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(4), 507-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1754468
  • Ozgul, F., Elioz, M., Otag, A., & Atan, T. (2015). The comparison of the children group’s respiratory parameters between 10-14 age who engaged in the sport of swimming. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 7(2), 35-40. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.5336/sportsci.2014-43151
  • Peyton, M., & Krabak, B.J. (2023). Swimming. In The Youth Athlete (pp. 913-928). Academic Press.
  • Rosser-Stanford, B., Backx, K., Lord, R., & Williams, E. M. (2019). Static and dynamic lung volumes in swimmers and their ventilatory response to maximal exercise. Lung, 197, 15-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-018-0175-x
  • Sable, M., Vaidya, S., & Sable, S. (2012). Short communication comparative study of lung functions in swimmers and runners. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 56(1), 100-104.
  • Sanders, R., Thow, J., Alcock, A., Fairweather, M., Riach, I., & Mather, F. (2012). How can asymmetries in swimming be identified and measured?. Journal of Swimming Research,19(1), 1-15.
  • Sheha, S. M., El Tohamy, A. M., & El Shemy, S. A. (2014). Isokinetic shoulder torque development in children six through twelve years old. Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 2(8), 1968-1974.
  • Silva, L. A. D., Doyenart. R., Henrique Salvan, P., Rodrigues, W., Felipe Lopes, J., Gomes, K., Thirupathi, A., Pinho, R. A. D., & Silveira, P. C. (2020). Swimming training improves mental health parameters, cognition and motor coordination in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 30(5), 584-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2019.1612041
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  • Wiażewicz, A., & Eider, J. (2021). The relationship between swimming performance and isokinetic shoulder strength of elite swimmers. Human Movement, 22(4), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2021.103285
  • Willems, T. M., Cornelis, J. A. M., De Deurwaerder, L. E. P., Roelandt, F., & De Mits, S. (2014). The effect of ankle muscle strength and flexibility on dolphin kick performance in competitive swimmers. Human Movement Science, 36, 167-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2014.05.004

Comparison of Swimmers’ Health-Related Fitness Parameters in General and Special Preparation Periods

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 88 - 98, 20.06.2025

İlhan Odabaş , Benil Kıstak Altan

https://doi.org/10.62425/rses.1552246

Öz

This study aimed to compare the health-related fitness parameters of swimmers in the general and special preparation periods. Thirty-six swimmers participated voluntarily. Before and after general and after special preparation, measurements of the swimmers’ endurance, strength, flexibility, body composition, and respiratory parameters were taken. The pre and post-tests were conducted at two-month intervals before and after general preparation, as well as after special preparation. After the initial measurements, swimmers undertook the general training program for eight weeks, followed by repeated measurements. Following this, speed-based special training was continued for eight weeks, after which the measurements were repeated. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 24.0. As the data displayed normal distribution, we performed a repeated measures variance analysis to compare all parameters among swimmers across three different periods. Significant differences were found in the body composition (lean body weight pre-general 36.79±3.97kg post-general 37.25±3.96kg post-special 37.73±3.88kg), respiratory function (FVC pre-general 3.30±0.56L post-general 3.44±0.55L post-special 3.59±0.54L), flexibility (pre-general 26.00±7.74cm post-general 26.44±6.94cm post-special 27.51±7.79cm), hand grip strength (pre-general 42.35±12.58kg post-special 51.33±11.71kg), and isokinetic shoulder strength (ΔAverage power~4W ΔAverage peak torque~2Nm) (p<0.05). Speed-focused training during the special preparation period can improve health-related fitness parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Swimming general preparation period special preparation period fitness parameters

Kaynakça

  • Alaydin, A., & Kamuk, Y. (2020). Physical and physiological characteristics of 11 – and 12-year-old swimmers participated in the Turkish swimming championship qualification round. Eurasian Research in Sport Science, 5(1), 26-43. https://doi.org/10.35333/ERISS.2020.168
  • Alshdokhi, K., Petersen, C., & Clarke, J. (2020). Effect of 8 weeks of grip strength training on adolescent sprint swimming: a randomized controlled trial. Exercise Medicine, 4(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26644/em.2020.001
  • Bond, D., Goodson, L., Oxford, S. W., Nevill, A. M., & Duncan, M. J. (2015). The association between anthropometric variables, functional movement screen scores and 100 m freestyle swimming performance in youth swimmers. Sports, 3(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports3010001
  • Cañas-Jamett, R., Figueroa-Puig, J., Ramirez-Campillo, R., & Tuesta, M. (2020). Plyometric training improves swimming performance in recreationally-trained swimmers. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 26(5), 436-440. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202026052019_0052
  • Cerqueira, M. S., Amorim, P. R. S., Encarnação, I. G. A., Rezende, L. M. T., Almeida, P. H. R. F., Silva, A. M., Sillero-Quintana, M., Silva, D. A. S., Santos, F. K. & Marins, J. C. B. (2022). Equations based on anthropometric measurements for adipose tissue, body fat, or body density prediction in children and adolescents: A scoping review. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 27, 2321-2338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-022-01405-7
  • Ceylan, R. (2021). How do swimming and tennis trainings affect hand grip strength?. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 23(3), 71-80.
  • Chang, S., Cheng, L., & Zhou, J. (2013). Research on isokinetic shoulder strength testing of female elite swimmers. ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive.
  • Cicek, G., Gullu, A., & Gullu, E. (2018). Comparison of body composition and some physiological parameters of swimmer and sedanter children. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Science, 3(2), 85-97. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.421261
  • Cronin, J., Lawton, T., Harris, N., Kilding, A., & McMaster, D. T. (2017). A brief review of handgrip strength and sport performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(11), 3187-3217. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002149
  • Dos Santos, M. A., Henrique, R. S., Salvina, M., Silva, A. H. O., Junior, M. A. D. V., Queiroz, D. R., Duncan, M. J., Maia, J. A. R., & Nevill, A. M. (2021). The influence of anthropometric variables, body composition, propulsive force and maturation on 50m freestyle swimming performance in junior swimmers: an allometric approach. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(14), 1615-1620. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1891685
  • Fiori, J. M., Zacca, R., & Castro, F. A. D. S. (2022). 200-m front crawl performance over a training season in 12 years and underage-group swimmers: growth and kinematics effects. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 28, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-657420220001222
  • Gaudet, S., Tremblay, J., & Dal Maso, F. (2018). Evolution of muscular fatigue in periscapular and rotator cuff muscles during isokinetic shoulder rotations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(18), 2121-2128. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1440513
  • Geladas, N. D., Nassis, G. P., & Pavlicevic, S. (2005). Somatic and physical traits affecting sprint swimming performance in young swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(02), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-817862
  • Gokhan, I., Kurkcu, R., & Aysan, H. A. (2011). The effect of swimming training on body composition and motoric features in adult sedentary young men. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 2(1), 69-73. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2011.01.0212
  • Gonjo, T., Fernandes, R. J., Vilas-Boas, J. P., & Sanders, R. (2020). Upper body kinematic differences between maximum front crawl and backstroke swimming. Journal of Biomechanics, 98, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109452
  • Honório, S., Mendes, P. D. M., Batista, M., Serrano, J., Duarte, R. M., Oliveira, J., & Petrica, J. (2019). Effects of swimming and water walking on body composition and spirometric values in young children. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(1proc), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.Proc1.06
  • Inan, S., & Saygın, O. (2019). The investigation the effect of anthropometric, physiological and physical properties on competition performance of young swimmers. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences, 5(4), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.644211
  • Kim, C. R., Jeon, Y. J., Kim, M. C., Jeong, T., & Koo, W. R. (2018). Reference values for hand grip strength in the South Korean population. PLoS One, 13(4), e0195485. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195485
  • Kistak, B., Bulgan, C., Meric-Bingul, B., & Basar, M. A. (2019). The relationship between 25m different style swimming performances and motor skills of 8-10 age group. Journal of Sports and Performance Researches, 10(2), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.469102
  • Lima-Borges, D. S., Portilho, N. O., Araujo, D. S., Ravagnani, C. F. C., & Almeida, J. A. (2022). Anthropometry and physical performance in swimmers of different styles. Science & Sports, 37(7), 542-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2021.07.007
  • Lynch, S. S., Thigpen, C. A., Mihalik, J. P., Prentice, W. E., & Padua, D. (2010). The effects of an exercise intervention on forward head and rounded shoulder postures in elite swimmers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(5), 376-81. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.066837
  • Matsuura, Y., Matsunaga, N., Akuzawa, H., Oshikawa, T., & Kaneoka, K. (2023). Comparison of muscle coordination during front crawl and backstroke with and without swimmer’s shoulder pain. Sports Health, Article ID 19417381231166957. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381231166957
  • Matthews, M. J., Green, D., Matthews, H., & Swanwick, E. (2017). The effects of swimming fatigue on shoulder strength, range of motion, joint control, and performance in swimmers. Physical Therapy in Sport, 23, 118-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.08.011
  • McNarry, M. A., Lester, L., Brown, J., & Mackintosh, K. A. (2020). Investigating the modulatory role of chronological and biological age on performance predictors in youth swimmers. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2, 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-020-00082-1
  • Muthusamy, S., Balasubramanian, K., Subramaniam, A., & Balasubramnaiyam, A. (2022). Effects of individualized training and respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function among collegiate swimmers: an experimental study. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(3), 64-70. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.17309/tmfv.2022.3s.09
  • Nadobnik, J., & Wiażewicz, A. (2021). Strength abilities in sports swimming a systematic review. Acta Kinesiologica, 15(2), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.4
  • Nag, A., Nag, P. K., & Desai, H. (2003). Hand anthropometry of Indian women. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 117, 260-269.
  • Nasirzade, A., Sadeghi, A., Sobhkhiz, A., Mohammadian, K., Nikouei, A., Baghaiyan, M., & Fattahi, A. (2015). Multivariate analysis of 200-m front crawl swimming performance in young male swimmers. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 17(3), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.5277/ABB-00160-2014-03
  • Nikšić, E., Beganović, E., Joksimović, M., & Mušović, A. (2020). The influence of balance and flexibility on the performance of freestyle swimming. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Studies, 12(2), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.30655/besad.2020.28
  • Okrzymowska, P., Kurzaj, M., Seidel, W., & Rożek-Piechura, K. (2019). Eight weeks of inspiratory muscle training improves pulmonary function in disabled swimmers—a randomized trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10), Article ID 1747. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101747
  • Oliveira, M., Henrique, R. S., Queiroz, D. R., Salvina, M., Melo, W. V., & Moura dos Santos, M. A. (2021). Anthropometric variables, propulsive force and biological maturation: a mediation analysis in young swimmers. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(4), 507-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1754468
  • Ozgul, F., Elioz, M., Otag, A., & Atan, T. (2015). The comparison of the children group’s respiratory parameters between 10-14 age who engaged in the sport of swimming. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 7(2), 35-40. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.5336/sportsci.2014-43151
  • Peyton, M., & Krabak, B.J. (2023). Swimming. In The Youth Athlete (pp. 913-928). Academic Press.
  • Rosser-Stanford, B., Backx, K., Lord, R., & Williams, E. M. (2019). Static and dynamic lung volumes in swimmers and their ventilatory response to maximal exercise. Lung, 197, 15-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-018-0175-x
  • Sable, M., Vaidya, S., & Sable, S. (2012). Short communication comparative study of lung functions in swimmers and runners. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 56(1), 100-104.
  • Sanders, R., Thow, J., Alcock, A., Fairweather, M., Riach, I., & Mather, F. (2012). How can asymmetries in swimming be identified and measured?. Journal of Swimming Research,19(1), 1-15.
  • Sheha, S. M., El Tohamy, A. M., & El Shemy, S. A. (2014). Isokinetic shoulder torque development in children six through twelve years old. Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 2(8), 1968-1974.
  • Silva, L. A. D., Doyenart. R., Henrique Salvan, P., Rodrigues, W., Felipe Lopes, J., Gomes, K., Thirupathi, A., Pinho, R. A. D., & Silveira, P. C. (2020). Swimming training improves mental health parameters, cognition and motor coordination in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 30(5), 584-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2019.1612041
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6, pp. 497-516). Boston, MA: Pearson, 2013.
  • Ucar, E., & Cimen-Polat, S. (2023). The effect of strength training applied to 15-16 years old swimmers on free style swimming performance. CBU Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1177188
  • Vila Dieguez, O., & Barden, J. M. (2022). Body roll differences in freestyle swimming between swimmers with and without shoulder pain. Sports Biomechanics, 21(10), 1277-1290. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2020.1760923
  • Wang, Y., Yang, X., Deng, J., Wang, Z., Yang, D., Han, Y., & Wang, H. (2024). Combined high-intensity interval and resistance training improves cardiorespiratory fitness more than high-intensity interval training in young women with overweight/obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1450944. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1450944
  • Wiażewicz, A., & Eider, J. (2021). The relationship between swimming performance and isokinetic shoulder strength of elite swimmers. Human Movement, 22(4), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2021.103285
  • Willems, T. M., Cornelis, J. A. M., De Deurwaerder, L. E. P., Roelandt, F., & De Mits, S. (2014). The effect of ankle muscle strength and flexibility on dolphin kick performance in competitive swimmers. Human Movement Science, 36, 167-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2014.05.004
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Antrenman, Spor Biliminde Biyomekanik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

İlhan Odabaş 0000-0002-4578-5142

Benil Kıstak Altan 0000-0002-5868-6856

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 24 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Odabaş, İ., & Kıstak Altan, B. (2025). Comparison of Swimmers’ Health-Related Fitness Parameters in General and Special Preparation Periods. Research in Sport Education and Sciences, 27(2), 88-98. https://doi.org/10.62425/rses.1552246
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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