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Retrospective Evaluation of Changes in Nasopalatine Canal Morphology According to Dentition with Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 230 - 235, 22.05.2025

Ebru Yüksel Kaya , Çiğdem Şeker , Gediz Geduk

https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1522738

Öz

Aim: Nasopalatine canal is one of the important anatomical structures in the anterior maxillary region. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in nasopalatine canal (NPC) morphology according to dentition status using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Material and Methods: CBCT images of a total of 100 patients were analyzed retrospectively. CBCT images were divided into two groups according to the dentition of the anterior maxilla: 50 patients with edentulous anterior maxillary region and 50 patients without tooth loss. After recording age, gender and dentition status of the patients, NPC length, incisive foramen (IF) diameter, stenon foramina (SF) diameter, NPC angle between NPC and palatal plane were measured on the sagittal plane.
Results: When relationship between dentition and NPC angle, NPC length, SF and IF diameters were analyzed, no statistically significant difference was found between the variables (p>0.05). When the variables were evaluated according to age and gender, NPC length and NPC angle were found to be significantly higher in the male gender (p<0.05), while the diameter of the incisive foramen increased with age, and this was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: NPC can show significant anatomical variations in both its morphology and dimensions. A careful preoperative evaluation is necessary to avoid possible complications during dentoalveolar surgery.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Dentition Retrospective Studies Nasopalatine Canal İncisive Foramen

Kaynakça

  • Acar B, Kamburoğlu K. Morphological and volumetric evaluation of the nasopalatinal canal in a Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2015; 37(3): 259-65.
  • Al-Amery SM, Nambiar P, Jamaludin M, John J, Ngeow WC. Cone beam computed tomography assessment of the maxillary incisive canal and foramen: considerations of anatomical variations when placing immediate implants. PLoS One. 2015; 10(2): e0117251.
  • Hakbilen S, Magat G. Evaluation of anatomical and morphological characteristics of the nasopalatine canal in a Turkish population by cone beam computed tomography. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2018; 77(3): 527-35.
  • Bornstein MM, Balsiger R, Sendi P, von Arx T. Morphology of the nasopalatine canal and dental implant surgery: a radiographic analysis of 100 consecutive patients using limited cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011; 22(3): 295-301.
  • Teughels W, Merheb J, Quirynen M. Critical horizontal dimensions of interproximal and buccal bone around implants for optimal aesthetic outcomes: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009; 20 Suppl 4: 134-45.
  • Görürgöz C, Öztaş B. Anatomic characteristics and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal: a radiographic study using cone-beam computed tomography. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2021; 80(4): 923-34.
  • Keith DA. Phenomenon of mucous retention in the incisive canal. J Oral Surg. 1979; 37(11): 832-4.
  • Liang X, Jacobs R, Martens W, Hu Y, Adriaensens P, Quirynen M, Lambrichts I. Macro- and micro-anatomical, histological and computed tomography scan characterization of the nasopalatine canal. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36(7): 598-603.
  • Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Liang X, Martens W, Mraiwa N, Adriaensens P, et al. Neurovascularization of the anterior jaw bones revisited using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 103(5): 683-93.
  • Radlanski RJ, Emmerich S, Renz H. Prenatal morphogenesis of the human incisive canal. Anat Embryol (Berl). 2004; 208(4): 265-71.
  • Cavalcanti MG, Yang J, Ruprecht A, Vannier MW. Accurate linear measurements in the anterior maxilla using orthoradially reformatted spiral computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1999; 28(3): 137-40.
  • Besimo C, Lambrecht JT, Nidecker A. Dental implant treatment planning with reformatted computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1995; 24(4): 264-7.
  • Ataman-Duruel ET, Duruel O, Turkyilmaz I, Tözüm TF. Anatomic variation of posterior superior alveolar artery: review of literature and case introduction. J Oral Implantol. 2019; 45(1): 79-85.
  • Goyushov S, Tözüm MD, Tözüm TF. Accessory mental/buccal foramina: case report and review of literature. Implant Dent. 2017; 26(5): 796-801.
  • Mardinger O, Namani-Sadan N, Chaushu G, Schwartz-Arad D. Morphologic changes of the nasopalatine canal related to dental implantation: a radiologic study in different degrees of absorbed maxillae. J Periodontol. 2008; 79(9): 1659-62.
  • Kraut RA, Boyden DK. Location of incisive canal in relation to central incisor implants. Implant Dent. 1998; 7(3): 221-5.
  • Bahşi I, Orhan M, Kervancıoğlu P, Yalçın ED, Aktan AM. Anatomical evaluation of nasopalatine canal on cone beam computed tomography images. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2019; 78(1): 153-62.
  • Özçakır-Tomruk C, Dölekoğlu S, Özkurt-Kayahan Z, İlgüy D. Evaluation of morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone-beam computed tomography in a subgroup of Turkish adult population. Surg Radiol Anat. 2016; 38(1): 65-70.
  • Rodricks D, Gupta A, Phulambrikar T, Singh SK, Sharma BK, Agrawal P. Anatomical and morphological characterization of the nasopalatine canal: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Mymensingh Med J. 2016; 25(2): 349-56.
  • Thakur AR, Burde K, Guttal K, Naikmasur VG. Anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent. 2013; 43(4): 273-81.
  • Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Sanderink G, Schutyser F, Suetens P, et al. The nasopalatine canal revisited using 2D and 3D CT imaging. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2004; 33(6): 396-402.
  • Belgin, CA and Serindere G. Evaluation of changes in nasopalatine canal morphology according to dentition status by computed tomography. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2020; 6(3): 233-37.
  • M, Habib S, Ghafoor R. Evaluation of the Nasopalatine Canal (NPC) in a subset of Pakistani population, using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). J Pak Med Assoc. 2023; 73(1): 49-53.
  • Özeren Keşkek C, Aytuğar E, Çene E. Retrospective assessment of the anatomy and dimensions of nasopalatine canal with cone-beam computed tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2022; 13(2): e4.
  • Gönül Y, Bucak A, Atalay Y, Beker-Acay M, Çalişkan A, Sakarya G, et al. MDCT evaluation of nasopalatine canal morphometry and variations: An analysis of 100 patients. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016; 97(11): 1165-72.
  • Jain NV, Gharatkar AA, Parekh BA, Musani SI, Shah UD. Three-dimensional analysis of the anatomical characteristics and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2017; 16(2): 197-204.
  • Panda M, Shankar T, Raut A, Dev S, Kar AK, Hota S. Cone beam computerized tomography evaluation of incisive canal and anterior maxillary bone thickness for placement of immediate implants. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2018; 18(4): 356-63.
  • Panjnoush M, Norouzi H, Kheirandish Y, Shamshiri AR, Mofidi N. Evaluation of morphology and anatomical measurement of nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography. J Dent (Tehran). 2016; 13(4): 287-94.
  • Mishra R, Thimmarasa VB, Jaju PP, Mishra R, Shrivastava A. Influence of gender and age on nasopalatine canal: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Journal of Dental Implants. 2017; 7(1): 15-9.
  • Takeshita K, Funaki K, Jimbo R, Takahashi T. Nasopalatine duct cyst developed in association with dental implant treatment: A case report and histopathological observation. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2013; 17(2): 319.
  • Etoz M, Sisman Y. Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal and variations with cone-beam computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014; 36(8): 805-12.
  • Song WC, Jo DI, Lee JY, Kim JN, Hur MS, Hu KS, et al. Microanatomy of the incisive canal using three-dimensional reconstruction of microCT images: an ex vivo study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009; 108(4): 583-90.
  • Demiralp KÖ, Kurşun-Çakmak EŞ, Bayrak S, Sahin O, Atakan C, Orhan K. Evaluation of anatomical and volumetric characteristics of the nasopalatine canal in anterior dentate and edentulous ındividuals: A CBCT Study. Implant Dent. 2018; 27(4): 474-79.
  • Güncü GN, Yıldırım YD, Yılmaz HG, Galindo-Moreno P, Velasco-Torres M, Al-Hezaimi K, et al. Is there a gender difference in anatomic features of incisive canal and maxillary environmental bone? Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013; 24(9): 1023-6.
  • Tözüm TF, Güncü GN, Yıldırım YD, Yılmaz HG, Galindo-Moreno P, Velasco-Torres M, et al. Evaluation of maxillary incisive canal characteristics related to dental implant treatment with computerized tomography: a clinical multicenter study. J Periodontol. 2012; 83(3): 337-43.

Nazopalatin Kanal Morfolojisinin Dentisyona Göre Değişiminin Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 230 - 235, 22.05.2025

Ebru Yüksel Kaya , Çiğdem Şeker , Gediz Geduk

https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1522738

Öz

Amaç Nazopalatin kanal maksiller anterior bölgedeki önemli anatomik yapılardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı nazopalatin kanal (NPK) morfolojisinin dentisyon durumuna göre değişimini konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) ile incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 100 hastaya ait KIBT görüntüleri retrospektif olarak taranmıştır. KIBT görüntüleri anterior maksillanın dentisyonuna göre iki gruba ayrılmıştır; maksiller anterior bölgesi dişsiz olan 50 hasta ve diş kaybı olmayan 50 hasta. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet ve dentisyon durumları kaydedildikten sonra sagittal kesit üzerinde NPK uzunluğu, insiziv foramen (İF) çapı, stenson foramina (SF) çapı, NPK ile palatal düzlem arasındaki NPK açısı ölçülmüştür.
Bulgular: Dentisyonun NPK açısı, NPK uzunluğu, SF ve IF çapları ile ilişkisi incelendiğinde değişkenler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Değişkenler yaşa ve cinsiyete göre değerlendirildiğinde NPK boyu ve NPK açısı erkek cinsiyette anlamlı oranda yüksek bulunurken (p<0,05), insisiv foramen çapının yaş ile arttığı ve bunun istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür (p<0,05).
Sonuç: NPK hem morfolojisi hem de boyutları açısından önemli anatomik farklılıklar gösterebilir. Dentoalveolar cerrahi sırasında olası komplikasyonları önlemek için dikkatli bir preoperatif değerlendirme gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Dentisyon Retrospektif Çalışmalar Nazopalatin Kanal İnsiziv Foramen

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için gerekli etik onay Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurul tarafından alınmıştır (2022/15)

Kaynakça

  • Acar B, Kamburoğlu K. Morphological and volumetric evaluation of the nasopalatinal canal in a Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2015; 37(3): 259-65.
  • Al-Amery SM, Nambiar P, Jamaludin M, John J, Ngeow WC. Cone beam computed tomography assessment of the maxillary incisive canal and foramen: considerations of anatomical variations when placing immediate implants. PLoS One. 2015; 10(2): e0117251.
  • Hakbilen S, Magat G. Evaluation of anatomical and morphological characteristics of the nasopalatine canal in a Turkish population by cone beam computed tomography. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2018; 77(3): 527-35.
  • Bornstein MM, Balsiger R, Sendi P, von Arx T. Morphology of the nasopalatine canal and dental implant surgery: a radiographic analysis of 100 consecutive patients using limited cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011; 22(3): 295-301.
  • Teughels W, Merheb J, Quirynen M. Critical horizontal dimensions of interproximal and buccal bone around implants for optimal aesthetic outcomes: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009; 20 Suppl 4: 134-45.
  • Görürgöz C, Öztaş B. Anatomic characteristics and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal: a radiographic study using cone-beam computed tomography. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2021; 80(4): 923-34.
  • Keith DA. Phenomenon of mucous retention in the incisive canal. J Oral Surg. 1979; 37(11): 832-4.
  • Liang X, Jacobs R, Martens W, Hu Y, Adriaensens P, Quirynen M, Lambrichts I. Macro- and micro-anatomical, histological and computed tomography scan characterization of the nasopalatine canal. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36(7): 598-603.
  • Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Liang X, Martens W, Mraiwa N, Adriaensens P, et al. Neurovascularization of the anterior jaw bones revisited using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 103(5): 683-93.
  • Radlanski RJ, Emmerich S, Renz H. Prenatal morphogenesis of the human incisive canal. Anat Embryol (Berl). 2004; 208(4): 265-71.
  • Cavalcanti MG, Yang J, Ruprecht A, Vannier MW. Accurate linear measurements in the anterior maxilla using orthoradially reformatted spiral computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1999; 28(3): 137-40.
  • Besimo C, Lambrecht JT, Nidecker A. Dental implant treatment planning with reformatted computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1995; 24(4): 264-7.
  • Ataman-Duruel ET, Duruel O, Turkyilmaz I, Tözüm TF. Anatomic variation of posterior superior alveolar artery: review of literature and case introduction. J Oral Implantol. 2019; 45(1): 79-85.
  • Goyushov S, Tözüm MD, Tözüm TF. Accessory mental/buccal foramina: case report and review of literature. Implant Dent. 2017; 26(5): 796-801.
  • Mardinger O, Namani-Sadan N, Chaushu G, Schwartz-Arad D. Morphologic changes of the nasopalatine canal related to dental implantation: a radiologic study in different degrees of absorbed maxillae. J Periodontol. 2008; 79(9): 1659-62.
  • Kraut RA, Boyden DK. Location of incisive canal in relation to central incisor implants. Implant Dent. 1998; 7(3): 221-5.
  • Bahşi I, Orhan M, Kervancıoğlu P, Yalçın ED, Aktan AM. Anatomical evaluation of nasopalatine canal on cone beam computed tomography images. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2019; 78(1): 153-62.
  • Özçakır-Tomruk C, Dölekoğlu S, Özkurt-Kayahan Z, İlgüy D. Evaluation of morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone-beam computed tomography in a subgroup of Turkish adult population. Surg Radiol Anat. 2016; 38(1): 65-70.
  • Rodricks D, Gupta A, Phulambrikar T, Singh SK, Sharma BK, Agrawal P. Anatomical and morphological characterization of the nasopalatine canal: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Mymensingh Med J. 2016; 25(2): 349-56.
  • Thakur AR, Burde K, Guttal K, Naikmasur VG. Anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent. 2013; 43(4): 273-81.
  • Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Sanderink G, Schutyser F, Suetens P, et al. The nasopalatine canal revisited using 2D and 3D CT imaging. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2004; 33(6): 396-402.
  • Belgin, CA and Serindere G. Evaluation of changes in nasopalatine canal morphology according to dentition status by computed tomography. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2020; 6(3): 233-37.
  • M, Habib S, Ghafoor R. Evaluation of the Nasopalatine Canal (NPC) in a subset of Pakistani population, using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). J Pak Med Assoc. 2023; 73(1): 49-53.
  • Özeren Keşkek C, Aytuğar E, Çene E. Retrospective assessment of the anatomy and dimensions of nasopalatine canal with cone-beam computed tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2022; 13(2): e4.
  • Gönül Y, Bucak A, Atalay Y, Beker-Acay M, Çalişkan A, Sakarya G, et al. MDCT evaluation of nasopalatine canal morphometry and variations: An analysis of 100 patients. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016; 97(11): 1165-72.
  • Jain NV, Gharatkar AA, Parekh BA, Musani SI, Shah UD. Three-dimensional analysis of the anatomical characteristics and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2017; 16(2): 197-204.
  • Panda M, Shankar T, Raut A, Dev S, Kar AK, Hota S. Cone beam computerized tomography evaluation of incisive canal and anterior maxillary bone thickness for placement of immediate implants. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2018; 18(4): 356-63.
  • Panjnoush M, Norouzi H, Kheirandish Y, Shamshiri AR, Mofidi N. Evaluation of morphology and anatomical measurement of nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography. J Dent (Tehran). 2016; 13(4): 287-94.
  • Mishra R, Thimmarasa VB, Jaju PP, Mishra R, Shrivastava A. Influence of gender and age on nasopalatine canal: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Journal of Dental Implants. 2017; 7(1): 15-9.
  • Takeshita K, Funaki K, Jimbo R, Takahashi T. Nasopalatine duct cyst developed in association with dental implant treatment: A case report and histopathological observation. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2013; 17(2): 319.
  • Etoz M, Sisman Y. Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal and variations with cone-beam computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014; 36(8): 805-12.
  • Song WC, Jo DI, Lee JY, Kim JN, Hur MS, Hu KS, et al. Microanatomy of the incisive canal using three-dimensional reconstruction of microCT images: an ex vivo study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009; 108(4): 583-90.
  • Demiralp KÖ, Kurşun-Çakmak EŞ, Bayrak S, Sahin O, Atakan C, Orhan K. Evaluation of anatomical and volumetric characteristics of the nasopalatine canal in anterior dentate and edentulous ındividuals: A CBCT Study. Implant Dent. 2018; 27(4): 474-79.
  • Güncü GN, Yıldırım YD, Yılmaz HG, Galindo-Moreno P, Velasco-Torres M, Al-Hezaimi K, et al. Is there a gender difference in anatomic features of incisive canal and maxillary environmental bone? Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013; 24(9): 1023-6.
  • Tözüm TF, Güncü GN, Yıldırım YD, Yılmaz HG, Galindo-Moreno P, Velasco-Torres M, et al. Evaluation of maxillary incisive canal characteristics related to dental implant treatment with computerized tomography: a clinical multicenter study. J Periodontol. 2012; 83(3): 337-43.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Diş Hekimliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ebru Yüksel Kaya 0000-0002-0507-2877

Çiğdem Şeker 0000-0001-8984-1241

Gediz Geduk 0000-0002-9650-2149

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 24 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Yüksel Kaya E, Şeker Ç, Geduk G. Retrospective Evaluation of Changes in Nasopalatine Canal Morphology According to Dentition with Cone Beam Computed Tomography. SABD. 2025;15(2):230-5.
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