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Çevresel teknolojik inovasyonun küresel ısınma üzerine etkisi: BRIC ve Türkiye ülkeleri üzerine ampirik bir inceleme

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 52, 1 - 14, 01.08.2025

Dilek Atılgan

https://doi.org/10.61904/sbe.1591309

Öz

Küresel iklim değişikliğinin en belirgin özelliği olan küresel ısınma, günümüz dünyasının en ciddi çevresel sorunlarından biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Küresel ısınmanın temel nedenlerinden biri, karbondioksit (CO2) emisyonlarındaki hızlı ve önemli artıştır. Güncel araştırmalar, teknolojik yeniliklerin CO2 emisyonlarındaki değişikliklerin belirlenmesinde önemli bir faktör olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda, teknolojik inovasyon, hem çevresel sorunların çözümünde hem de düşük karbon ekonomisine geçişte etkili bir araç olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma, 1992-2020 döneminde BRIC (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan ve Çin) ve Türkiye ülkelerinde çevresel teknolojik inovasyonun küresel ısınma üzerine etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ekonometrik yöntem olarak eşbütünleşme testi (Lagrange çarpanı (LM)) ve eşbütünleşme katsayı tahminci (Ortak İlişkili Etkiler- Common Correlated Effect (CCE)) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, CO2 emisyonu, çevresel teknolojik inovasyon ve kişi başı gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla (GSYH) değişkenleri kullanılmış olup, bu değişkenler arasında uzun vadeli eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Panel geneli analiz sonuçları, çevresel teknolojik inovasyondaki %1'lik artışın CO2 emisyonlarını yaklaşık %0.238 oranında azalttığını, gelirdeki %1'lik artışın ise CO2 emisyonlarını yaklaşık %0.150 oranında artırdığını göstermektedir. Bulgular, çevresel teknolojik inovasyonun CO2 emisyonlarının azaltılmasında kritik bir role sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu durum küresel ısınma üzerinde olumlu etkilere yol açarak çevresel sürdürülebilirliği teşvik etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevresel Teknolojik İnovasyon Küresel Isınma Panel Veri Analizi

Kaynakça

  • Adebayo, T. S., Ullah, S., Kartal, M. T., Ali, K., Pata, U. K., ve Ağa, M. (2023). Endorsing Sustainable Development in BRICS: The Role of Technological Innovation, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Natural Resources in Limiting Carbon Emission. Science of the Total Environment, 859, 160181.
  • Ağır, H., ve Türkmen, S. (2020). Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi Bakımından Doğal Kaynaklar: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(3), 840-852.
  • Ahmed, K. (2017). Revisiting the Role of Financial Development for Energy-Growth-Trade Nexus in BRICS Economies. Energy, 128, 487-495.
  • Akyol, M., ve Mete, E. (2021). Çevresel Teknolojik İnovasyonların CO2 Emisyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Örneği. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 71(2), 569-590.
  • Awosusi, A. A., Adebayo, T. S., Kirikkaleli, D., ve Altuntaş, M. (2022). Role of Technological Innovation and Globalization in BRICS Economies: Policy Towards Environmental Sustainability. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 29(7), 593-610.
  • Bekun, F. V., Alola, A. A., ve Sarkodie, S. A. (2019). Toward a Sustainable Environment: Nexus Between CO2 Emissions, Resource Rent, Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy in 16-EU Countries. Science of the total Environment, 657, 1023-1029.
  • Breusch, T. S. ve Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The review of economic studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Chaudhry, I. S., Ali, S., Bhatti, S. H., Anser, M. K., Khan, A. I., ve Nazar, R. (2021). Dynamic Common Correlated Effects of Technological Innovations and Institutional Performance on Environmental Quality: Evidence from East-Asia and Pacific Countries. Environmental Science ve Policy, 124, 313-323.
  • Chen, J., Yang, F., Liu, Y., ve Usman, A. (2022). The Asymmetric Effect of Technology Shocks on CO2 Emissions: A Panel Analysis of BRICS Economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-9.
  • Chen, X., Rahaman, M. A., Murshed, M., Mahmood, H., ve Hossain, M. A. (2023). Causality Analysis of the Impacts of Petroleum use, Economic Growth, and Technological Innovation on Carbon Emissions in Bangladesh. Energy, 267, 126565.
  • Chen, Y., ve Lee, C.C. (2020). Does Technological Innovation Reduce CO2 Emissions? Cross-Country Evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 263, 1-11.
  • Demir, O., ve Özkaya, Y. (2024). Yüksek Gelirli Ülkelerde Yaşlanmanın Büyümeye ve Durağan Duruma Etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (49), 206-226.
  • Du, K., Li, P., ve Yan, Z. (2019). Do Green Technology Innovations Contribute to Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction? Empirical Evidence from Patent Data. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 297-303.
  • Gedik, Y. (2020). Sosyal, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Boyutlarla Sürdürülebilirlik ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma. International Journal of Economics, Politics, Humanities & Social Sciences, 3(3), 196-215.
  • He F, Chang KC, Li M, Li X., ve Li F. 2020. Bootstrap ARDL Test on the Relationship Among Trade, FDI, and CO2 Emissions: Based on the Experience of BRICS countries. Sustainability, 12(3),1060–1076.
  • Jamil, B., Yaping, S., Ud Din, N., Nazneen, S., ve Mushtaq, A. (2021). Do Governance Indicators Interact with Technological Innovation and Income Inequality in Mitigating CO2 Emissions in Belt and Road Initiative Countries?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(37), 51278-51296.
  • Khalid, T., Wen, J., Khalid, M., Khalid, S., Zakaria, M., ve Mahmood, H. (2023). Does Technological Innovation Reduce Environmental Degradation? Evidence from China. Engineering Economics, 34(3), 323-334.
  • Khan, S. A. R., Ponce, P., ve Yu, Z. (2021). Technological Innovation and Environmental Taxes Toward a Carbon-Free Economy: An Empirical Study in the Context of COP-21. Journal of environmental management, 298, 113418.
  • Kiani, T. A., Sabir, S., Qayyum, U., ve Anjum, S. (2023). Estimating the Effect of Technological Innovations on Environmental Degradation: Empirical Evidence from Selected ASEAN and SAARC Countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(7), 6529-6550.
  • Koçak, E. (2024). Çevresel Teknolojik İnovasyonun Küresel Isınma Üzerindeki Etkisine İlişkin Bir İnceleme: Türkiye’den Kanıtlar. Fiscaoeconomia, 8(2), 478-494.
  • Li, M., ve Wang, Q. (2017). Will Technology advances Alleviate Climate Change? Dual Effects of Technology Change on Aggregate Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Energy for Sustainable Development, 41, 61-68.
  • Mongo, M., Belaïd, F., ve Ramdani, B. (2021). The Effects of Environmental Innovations on CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Europe. Environmental Science & Policy, 118, 1-9.
  • Nazlıoğlu, S. ve Karul, C. (2017, July). Panel LM Unit Root Test With Gradual Structural Shifts, 40th International Panel Data Conference, Thessaloniki-Greece.
  • OECD (2005). Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data. Paris: OECD Publishing, 1-164.
  • OECD.stat (2024). https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-DE.html (E. Tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • Pesaran M. H. (2004) General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Working Paper Series, 1229; Pesaran, M. H. ve Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Romer, P. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002- 1037.
  • Schumpeter, J.A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry in to Profits. Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle, London: Harward University Press.
  • Tiwari, S., Sharif, A., Nuta, F., Nuta, A. C., Cutcu, I., ve Eren, M. V. (2023). Sustainable Pathways for Attaining Net-Zero Emissions in European Emerging Countries—The Nexus Between Renewable Energy Sources and Ecological Footprint. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(48), 105999-106014.
  • Wang, R., Mirza, N., Vasbieva, D. G., Abbas, Q., ve Xiong, D. (2020). The Nexus of Carbon Emissions, Financial Development, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Technological Innovation: What should be the Priorities in Light of COP 21 Agreements?. Journal of Environmental Management, 271, 111027.
  • WB (World Bank). (2025). World development indicators, http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators (E. Tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • Westerlund, J. ve Edgerton, D. L. (2007). A Panel Bootstrap Cointegration Test. Economics Letters, 97, 185–190. Yii, K. J., ve Geetha, C. (2017). The Nexus Between Technology Innovation and CO2 Emissions in Malaysia: Evidence from Granger Causality Test. Energy Procedia, 105, 3118-3124.
  • Zhang, Y. J., Peng, Y. L., Ma, C. Q., ve Shen, B. (2017). Can Environmental Innovation Facilitate Carbon Emissions Reduction? Evidence from China. Energy Policy, 100, 18-28.

THE IMPACT of ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION on GLOBAL WARMING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY on BRIC and TURKEY

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 52, 1 - 14, 01.08.2025

Dilek Atılgan

https://doi.org/10.61904/sbe.1591309

Öz

Global climate change, with global warming as its most prominent feature, stands out as one of the most serious environmental issues of today’s world. One of the main causes of global warming is the rapid and significant increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Recent studies reveal that technological innovations play a crucial role in determining changes in CO2 emissions. In this context, technological innovation is considered an effective tool both in addressing environmental issues and in the transition to a low-carbon economy. This study aims to examine the impact of environmental technological innovation on global warming in BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) and Turkey for the period 1992-2020. As econometric methods, the cointegration test (Lagrange Multiplier (LM)) and the cointegration coefficient estimator (Common Correlated Effects (CCE)) method were employed. The study utilizes CO2 emissions, environmental technological innovation, and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) as variables, confirming a long-term cointegration relationship among them. Panel-wide analysis results indicate that a 1% increase in environmental technological innovation reduces CO2 emissions by approximately 0.238%, while a 1% increase in income raises CO2 emissions by around 0.150%. The findings highlight the critical role of environmental technological innovation in reducing CO2 emissions, leading to positive effects on global warming and promoting environmental sustainability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environmental Technological Innovation Global Warming Panel Data Analysis

Kaynakça

  • Adebayo, T. S., Ullah, S., Kartal, M. T., Ali, K., Pata, U. K., ve Ağa, M. (2023). Endorsing Sustainable Development in BRICS: The Role of Technological Innovation, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Natural Resources in Limiting Carbon Emission. Science of the Total Environment, 859, 160181.
  • Ağır, H., ve Türkmen, S. (2020). Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi Bakımından Doğal Kaynaklar: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(3), 840-852.
  • Ahmed, K. (2017). Revisiting the Role of Financial Development for Energy-Growth-Trade Nexus in BRICS Economies. Energy, 128, 487-495.
  • Akyol, M., ve Mete, E. (2021). Çevresel Teknolojik İnovasyonların CO2 Emisyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Örneği. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 71(2), 569-590.
  • Awosusi, A. A., Adebayo, T. S., Kirikkaleli, D., ve Altuntaş, M. (2022). Role of Technological Innovation and Globalization in BRICS Economies: Policy Towards Environmental Sustainability. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 29(7), 593-610.
  • Bekun, F. V., Alola, A. A., ve Sarkodie, S. A. (2019). Toward a Sustainable Environment: Nexus Between CO2 Emissions, Resource Rent, Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy in 16-EU Countries. Science of the total Environment, 657, 1023-1029.
  • Breusch, T. S. ve Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The review of economic studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Chaudhry, I. S., Ali, S., Bhatti, S. H., Anser, M. K., Khan, A. I., ve Nazar, R. (2021). Dynamic Common Correlated Effects of Technological Innovations and Institutional Performance on Environmental Quality: Evidence from East-Asia and Pacific Countries. Environmental Science ve Policy, 124, 313-323.
  • Chen, J., Yang, F., Liu, Y., ve Usman, A. (2022). The Asymmetric Effect of Technology Shocks on CO2 Emissions: A Panel Analysis of BRICS Economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-9.
  • Chen, X., Rahaman, M. A., Murshed, M., Mahmood, H., ve Hossain, M. A. (2023). Causality Analysis of the Impacts of Petroleum use, Economic Growth, and Technological Innovation on Carbon Emissions in Bangladesh. Energy, 267, 126565.
  • Chen, Y., ve Lee, C.C. (2020). Does Technological Innovation Reduce CO2 Emissions? Cross-Country Evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 263, 1-11.
  • Demir, O., ve Özkaya, Y. (2024). Yüksek Gelirli Ülkelerde Yaşlanmanın Büyümeye ve Durağan Duruma Etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (49), 206-226.
  • Du, K., Li, P., ve Yan, Z. (2019). Do Green Technology Innovations Contribute to Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction? Empirical Evidence from Patent Data. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 297-303.
  • Gedik, Y. (2020). Sosyal, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Boyutlarla Sürdürülebilirlik ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma. International Journal of Economics, Politics, Humanities & Social Sciences, 3(3), 196-215.
  • He F, Chang KC, Li M, Li X., ve Li F. 2020. Bootstrap ARDL Test on the Relationship Among Trade, FDI, and CO2 Emissions: Based on the Experience of BRICS countries. Sustainability, 12(3),1060–1076.
  • Jamil, B., Yaping, S., Ud Din, N., Nazneen, S., ve Mushtaq, A. (2021). Do Governance Indicators Interact with Technological Innovation and Income Inequality in Mitigating CO2 Emissions in Belt and Road Initiative Countries?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(37), 51278-51296.
  • Khalid, T., Wen, J., Khalid, M., Khalid, S., Zakaria, M., ve Mahmood, H. (2023). Does Technological Innovation Reduce Environmental Degradation? Evidence from China. Engineering Economics, 34(3), 323-334.
  • Khan, S. A. R., Ponce, P., ve Yu, Z. (2021). Technological Innovation and Environmental Taxes Toward a Carbon-Free Economy: An Empirical Study in the Context of COP-21. Journal of environmental management, 298, 113418.
  • Kiani, T. A., Sabir, S., Qayyum, U., ve Anjum, S. (2023). Estimating the Effect of Technological Innovations on Environmental Degradation: Empirical Evidence from Selected ASEAN and SAARC Countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(7), 6529-6550.
  • Koçak, E. (2024). Çevresel Teknolojik İnovasyonun Küresel Isınma Üzerindeki Etkisine İlişkin Bir İnceleme: Türkiye’den Kanıtlar. Fiscaoeconomia, 8(2), 478-494.
  • Li, M., ve Wang, Q. (2017). Will Technology advances Alleviate Climate Change? Dual Effects of Technology Change on Aggregate Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Energy for Sustainable Development, 41, 61-68.
  • Mongo, M., Belaïd, F., ve Ramdani, B. (2021). The Effects of Environmental Innovations on CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Europe. Environmental Science & Policy, 118, 1-9.
  • Nazlıoğlu, S. ve Karul, C. (2017, July). Panel LM Unit Root Test With Gradual Structural Shifts, 40th International Panel Data Conference, Thessaloniki-Greece.
  • OECD (2005). Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data. Paris: OECD Publishing, 1-164.
  • OECD.stat (2024). https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-DE.html (E. Tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • Pesaran M. H. (2004) General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Working Paper Series, 1229; Pesaran, M. H. ve Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Romer, P. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002- 1037.
  • Schumpeter, J.A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry in to Profits. Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle, London: Harward University Press.
  • Tiwari, S., Sharif, A., Nuta, F., Nuta, A. C., Cutcu, I., ve Eren, M. V. (2023). Sustainable Pathways for Attaining Net-Zero Emissions in European Emerging Countries—The Nexus Between Renewable Energy Sources and Ecological Footprint. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(48), 105999-106014.
  • Wang, R., Mirza, N., Vasbieva, D. G., Abbas, Q., ve Xiong, D. (2020). The Nexus of Carbon Emissions, Financial Development, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Technological Innovation: What should be the Priorities in Light of COP 21 Agreements?. Journal of Environmental Management, 271, 111027.
  • WB (World Bank). (2025). World development indicators, http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators (E. Tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • Westerlund, J. ve Edgerton, D. L. (2007). A Panel Bootstrap Cointegration Test. Economics Letters, 97, 185–190. Yii, K. J., ve Geetha, C. (2017). The Nexus Between Technology Innovation and CO2 Emissions in Malaysia: Evidence from Granger Causality Test. Energy Procedia, 105, 3118-3124.
  • Zhang, Y. J., Peng, Y. L., Ma, C. Q., ve Shen, B. (2017). Can Environmental Innovation Facilitate Carbon Emissions Reduction? Evidence from China. Energy Policy, 100, 18-28.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Ekonomisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Dilek Atılgan 0000-0002-3776-558X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 52

Kaynak Göster

APA Atılgan, D. (2025). Çevresel teknolojik inovasyonun küresel ısınma üzerine etkisi: BRIC ve Türkiye ülkeleri üzerine ampirik bir inceleme. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(52), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.61904/sbe.1591309
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