Araştırma Makalesi
The Mediating Role of Identification with the Manager in the Relationship Between Moral Leadership and Taking Responsibility: A Study on Nurses
Öz
Introduction: Understanding the relationship between moral leadership, managerial identification, and responsibility-taking behaviors in the nursing profession is critical for enhancing the quality of healthcare services and the efficiency of the work environment.
Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of managerial identification in the relationship between moral leadership and responsibility-taking.
Methods: The study sample consists of 408 nurses working in public and private hospitals in Istanbul. Data collected in 2024 through a survey form were analyzed using SPSS and Structural Equation Modeling software. Confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analyses were conducted to test the validity and reliability of the scales. The established hypotheses were tested using the equality model (bootstrap).
Results: According to the study's findings; There is a positive but weak significant relationship between moral leadership and responsibility-taking behaviors (r = 0.184; p < 0.05). There is a positive but weak significant relationship between responsibility-taking behavior and the perception of managerial identification (r = 0.041; p < 0.05). There is a positive and moderate significant relationship between the perception of moral leadership and the perception of managerial identification (r = 0.462; p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Managerial identification has a mediating effect on the relationship between moral leadership and responsibility-taking.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Moral Leadership identification with the manager taking responsibility
Kaynakça
- Abbasi, B. (2016). The role of identification in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee citizenship behaviors case study: Rasht rasool akram hospital. Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology, 1(1), 165-176.
- Ali Awad, N. H., & Mohamed El Sayed, B. K. (2023). Post COVID-19 workplace ostracism and counterproductive behaviors: Moral leadership. Nursing Ethics, 30(7-8), 990-1002. doi: 10.1177/09697330231169935
- Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Griffiths, P., Busse, R., ... & Sermeus, W. (2014). Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: A retrospective observational study. The Lancet, 383(9931), 1824-1830. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62631-8
- Ariander, A., Olaison, A., Andersson, C., Sjödahl, R., Nilsson, L., & Kastbom, L. (2024). Ethical challenges causing moral distress: Nursing home staff’s experiences of working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 1-10. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2024.2308573
- Assyakur, D. S., & Rosa, E. M. (2022). Spiritual leadership in healthcare: A bibliometric analysis. Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 7(2), 355-362. doi: 10.30604/jika.v7i2.914
- Bagley, C., Abubaker, M., & Sawyerr, A. (2018). Personality, work-life balance, hardiness, and vocation: A typology of nurses and nursing values in a special sample of English hospital nurses. Administrative Sciences, 8(4),79. doi: 10.3390/admsci8040079
- Barkhordari-Sharifabad, M., Ashktorab, T., & Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F. (2018). Ethical leadership outcomes in nursing: A qualitative study. Nursing ethics, 25(8), 1051-1063. doi: 10.1177/0969733016687157
- Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186-3191.
- Borrell-Vega, J., Humeidan, M. L., & Bergese, S. D. (2018). Defining quality of recovery–what is important to patients?. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 32(3-4), 259-268. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2018.07.002
- Chen, J., Zheng, W., & Jiang, B. (2022). The impact of moral leadership on physical education teachers’ innovation behavior: The role of identification with leader and psychological safety. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1030245
- Cho, J. (2007). Psychological processes underlying the relationship between transformational leadership and multi-foci organizational citizenship behaviors: A multiple-level approach. State University of New York at Buffalo.
- Demirtas, O., & Akdogan, A. A. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment. Journal of business ethics, 130, 59-67.
- Edward Godbless, E. (2021). Moral leadership, shared values, employee engagement, and staff job performance in the university value chain. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(1), 15-38. doi: 10.33844/ijol.2021.60515
- Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 246.
- Morçin, S. E. (2019). Otel çalışanlarının liderle özdeşleşme tutumları: Antalyaörneği. Journal of Academic Value Studies, 4(18), 10-16.
- Farh, L. J., Cheng, B. S., & Chou, L. F. (2000). A triad model of paternalistic leadership: Constructs and measurement. Indigenous psychological research in Chinese societies, 14, 3.
- Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. London: Sage Publications.
- Galanis, P., Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Vraka, I., Siskou, O., Konstantakopoulou, O., & Kaitelidou, D. (2024). Moral Resilience Reduces Levels of Quiet Quitting, Job Burnout, and Turnover Intention among Nurses: Evidence in the Post COVID-19 Era. Nursing Reports, 14(1), 254-266. doi: 10.3390/nursrep14010020
- Gu, Q., Tang, T. L. P., & Jiang, W. (2015). Does moral leadership enhance employee creativity? Employee identification with leader and leader–member exchange (LMX) in the Chinese context. Journal of business ethics, 126, 513-529. doi: 10.1007/s10551-013-1967-9
- Hogan, L. (2021). Moral leadership: A challenge and a celebration. Theological Studies, 82(1), 138-155. doi: 10.1177/0040563921993456
- Hu, L. & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
- Hutchinson, M., Jackson, D., Daly, J., & Usher, K. (2015). Distilling the antecedents and enabling dynamics of leader moral courage: A framework to guide action. Issues in mental health nursing, 36(5), 326-335. doi: 10.3109/01612840.2015.1017627
- Hwang, K. M., & Jung, M. Y. (2023). A study on ethical leadership, ethical sensitivity, ethical climate, and nursing performance of clinical nurses. J. Learn-Cent. Curric. Instruct, 23, 753-770. doi: 10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.15.557
- Institute of Medicine (2011). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956
- Khan, M., Usman, M., Shafique, I., Ogbonnaya, C., & Roodbari, H. (2024). Can HR managers as ethical leaders cure the menace of precarious work? Important roles of sustainable HRM and HR manager political skill. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(10), 1824-1850.
- Keselman, D., & Saxe-Braithwaite, M. (2021, May). Authentic and ethical leadership during a crisis. In Healthcare management forum, 34(3), 154-157. doi: 10.1177/0840470420973051
- Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. The Guilford Press, New York.
- Kuru, S. A. (2020). Etik liderlik ve örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişki: Kişi örgüt uyumunun aracılık etkisi. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(2), 515-530.
- Labrague, L. J. (2024). Emergency room nurses’ caring ability and its relationship with patient safety outcomes: A cross-sectional study. International Emergency Nursing, 72, 101389. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101389
- Liu, Y., Mo, L., Tang, Y., Wang, Q., & Huang, X. (2017). The application of an evidence-based clinical nursing path for improving the preoperative and postoperative quality of care of pediatric retroperitoneal neuroblastoma patients: a randomized controlled trial at a tertiary medical institution. Cancer Nursing, 40(4), 314-322. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000387
- Maguad, B. A., & Krone, R. M. (2009). Ethics and moral leadership: Quality linkages. Total Quality Management, 20(2), 209-222. doi: 10.1080/14783360802623043
- Noh, Y. G., & Kim, S. Y. (2024, February). Factors of Hospital Ethical Climate among Hospital Nurses in Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. In Healthcare, 12(3), 372. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12030372
- Numminen, O., Repo, H., & Leino-Kilpi, H. (2017). Moral courage in nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing ethics, 24(8), 878-891. doi:10.1177/0969733016634155
- Nunnally, J.C. (1970). Inroduction to psychological measurement. Mc.Graw-Hill. Pakizekho, S., & Barkhordari-Sharifabad, M. (2022). The relationship between ethical leadership, conscientiousness, and moral courage from nurses’perspective. BMC nursing, 21(1), 164. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00941-y
- Park, B., & Oh, Y. (2017). Impact of ethical climate, ethical leadership perceived by nurses on moral distress. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society,19(2), 1099-1116. doi: 10.37727/jkdas.2017.19.2.1099
- Prestia, A. S., Sherman, R. O., & Demezier, C. (2017). Chief nursing officers’ experiences with moral distress. The Journal of Nursing Administration,47(2), 101-107. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000447
- Rathert, C., May, D. R., & Chung, H. S. (2016). Nurse moral distress: A survey identifying predictors and potential interventions. International journal ofnursing studies, 53, 39-49. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.10.007
- Ribeiro, M., Caldeira, S., Nunes, E., & Vieira, M. (2021). A commentary on spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality in nursing management. Journal of nursing management, 29(3), 602-605. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13196
- Shamir, B., Zakay, E., Breinin, E., & Popper, M. (1998). Correlates of charismatic leader behavior in military units: Subordinates’ attitudes, unit characteristics, and superiors’ appraisals of leader performance. Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), 387-409. doi: 10.2307/257080
- Sekaran, U. (1992). Research Methods for Business. Canada: John Wiley ve Sons. Van Knippenberg, D. (2000). Work motivation and performance: A social identity perspective. Applied Psychology, 49(3), 357-371.
- Wang, Y., & Li, H. (2019). Moral leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 475824. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02640
- Whitehead, P. B., Herbertson, R. K., Hamric, A. B., Epstein, E. G., & Fisher,J. M. (2015). Moral distress among healthcare professionals: Report of an institution-wide survey. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47(2), 117-125. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12115
- Widodo, S., & Suryosukmono, G. (2021). Spiritual leadership, workplace spirituality and their effects on meaningful work: Self-transcendence as mediator role. Management Science Letters, 11(7), 2115-2126 doi: 10.5267/j.msl.2021.2.016
- Zeller, R. A., & Karmines, E.G. (2978). Statistical Analysis of Social Data. Rand McNallyCollege Publishing Compony, Chicago.
- Zhao, H., & Xia, Q. (2019). Nurses’ negative affective states, moral disengagement, and knowledge hiding: The moderating role of ethical leadership. Journal of nursing management, 27(2), 357-370. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12675
- Zhang, Y., & Chen, C. C. (2013). Developmental leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Mediating effects of self-determination, supervisor identification, and organizational identification. The Leadership Quarterly,24(4), 534-543. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.03.007
- Zhang, N., Li, M., Gong, Z., & Xu, D. (2019). Effects of ethical leadership on nurses’ service behaviors. Nursing ethics, 26(6), 1861-1872. doi: 10.1177/0969733018787220
Ahlaki Liderlik ile Sorumluluk Alma Arasındaki İlişkide Yöneticiyle Özdeşleşmenin Aracılık Rolü: Hemşireler Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Öz
Giriş: Hemşirelik mesleğinde, ahlaki liderlik, yöneticiyle özdeşleşme ve sorumluluk alma davranışları arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak, sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesini ve çalışma ortamının verimliliğini artırmak için kritik bir öneme sahiptir.
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, ahlaki liderlik ile sorumluluk alma arasındaki ilişkide yöneticiyle özdeşleşmenin aracılık rolünü incelemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemi, İstanbul’daki kamu ve özel hastanelerde çalışan 408 hemşireden oluşmaktadır. Anket formu kullanılarak 2024 yılında toplanan veri, SPSS ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi paket programlarıyla kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ölçeklerin geçerliliğini ve güvenilirliğini test etmek amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve güvenilirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Belirlenen hipotezler eşitlik modeli (bootstrap) ile test edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmanın bulgularına göre ahlaki liderlik ile sorumluluk alma davranışı arasında pozitif yönlü düşük anlamlı bir ilişki vardır (r= 0,184; p<0,05), sorumluluk alma davranışı ile yöneticiyle özdeşleşme algısı arasında pozitif yönlü düşük ve anlamlı bir ilişki vardır (r=0,041; p< ;0,05), ahlaki liderlik algısı ile yöneticiyle özdeşleşme algısı arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki vardır (r=0,462 p<0,01).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada ahlaki liderlik ile sorumluluk alma arasındaki ilişkide yöneticiyle özdeşleşme aracılık etkisine sahiptir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abbasi, B. (2016). The role of identification in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee citizenship behaviors case study: Rasht rasool akram hospital. Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology, 1(1), 165-176.
- Ali Awad, N. H., & Mohamed El Sayed, B. K. (2023). Post COVID-19 workplace ostracism and counterproductive behaviors: Moral leadership. Nursing Ethics, 30(7-8), 990-1002. doi: 10.1177/09697330231169935
- Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Griffiths, P., Busse, R., ... & Sermeus, W. (2014). Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: A retrospective observational study. The Lancet, 383(9931), 1824-1830. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62631-8
- Ariander, A., Olaison, A., Andersson, C., Sjödahl, R., Nilsson, L., & Kastbom, L. (2024). Ethical challenges causing moral distress: Nursing home staff’s experiences of working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 1-10. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2024.2308573
- Assyakur, D. S., & Rosa, E. M. (2022). Spiritual leadership in healthcare: A bibliometric analysis. Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 7(2), 355-362. doi: 10.30604/jika.v7i2.914
- Bagley, C., Abubaker, M., & Sawyerr, A. (2018). Personality, work-life balance, hardiness, and vocation: A typology of nurses and nursing values in a special sample of English hospital nurses. Administrative Sciences, 8(4),79. doi: 10.3390/admsci8040079
- Barkhordari-Sharifabad, M., Ashktorab, T., & Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F. (2018). Ethical leadership outcomes in nursing: A qualitative study. Nursing ethics, 25(8), 1051-1063. doi: 10.1177/0969733016687157
- Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186-3191.
- Borrell-Vega, J., Humeidan, M. L., & Bergese, S. D. (2018). Defining quality of recovery–what is important to patients?. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 32(3-4), 259-268. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2018.07.002
- Chen, J., Zheng, W., & Jiang, B. (2022). The impact of moral leadership on physical education teachers’ innovation behavior: The role of identification with leader and psychological safety. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1030245
- Cho, J. (2007). Psychological processes underlying the relationship between transformational leadership and multi-foci organizational citizenship behaviors: A multiple-level approach. State University of New York at Buffalo.
- Demirtas, O., & Akdogan, A. A. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment. Journal of business ethics, 130, 59-67.
- Edward Godbless, E. (2021). Moral leadership, shared values, employee engagement, and staff job performance in the university value chain. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(1), 15-38. doi: 10.33844/ijol.2021.60515
- Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 246.
- Morçin, S. E. (2019). Otel çalışanlarının liderle özdeşleşme tutumları: Antalyaörneği. Journal of Academic Value Studies, 4(18), 10-16.
- Farh, L. J., Cheng, B. S., & Chou, L. F. (2000). A triad model of paternalistic leadership: Constructs and measurement. Indigenous psychological research in Chinese societies, 14, 3.
- Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. London: Sage Publications.
- Galanis, P., Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Vraka, I., Siskou, O., Konstantakopoulou, O., & Kaitelidou, D. (2024). Moral Resilience Reduces Levels of Quiet Quitting, Job Burnout, and Turnover Intention among Nurses: Evidence in the Post COVID-19 Era. Nursing Reports, 14(1), 254-266. doi: 10.3390/nursrep14010020
- Gu, Q., Tang, T. L. P., & Jiang, W. (2015). Does moral leadership enhance employee creativity? Employee identification with leader and leader–member exchange (LMX) in the Chinese context. Journal of business ethics, 126, 513-529. doi: 10.1007/s10551-013-1967-9
- Hogan, L. (2021). Moral leadership: A challenge and a celebration. Theological Studies, 82(1), 138-155. doi: 10.1177/0040563921993456
- Hu, L. & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
- Hutchinson, M., Jackson, D., Daly, J., & Usher, K. (2015). Distilling the antecedents and enabling dynamics of leader moral courage: A framework to guide action. Issues in mental health nursing, 36(5), 326-335. doi: 10.3109/01612840.2015.1017627
- Hwang, K. M., & Jung, M. Y. (2023). A study on ethical leadership, ethical sensitivity, ethical climate, and nursing performance of clinical nurses. J. Learn-Cent. Curric. Instruct, 23, 753-770. doi: 10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.15.557
- Institute of Medicine (2011). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956
- Khan, M., Usman, M., Shafique, I., Ogbonnaya, C., & Roodbari, H. (2024). Can HR managers as ethical leaders cure the menace of precarious work? Important roles of sustainable HRM and HR manager political skill. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(10), 1824-1850.
- Keselman, D., & Saxe-Braithwaite, M. (2021, May). Authentic and ethical leadership during a crisis. In Healthcare management forum, 34(3), 154-157. doi: 10.1177/0840470420973051
- Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. The Guilford Press, New York.
- Kuru, S. A. (2020). Etik liderlik ve örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişki: Kişi örgüt uyumunun aracılık etkisi. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(2), 515-530.
- Labrague, L. J. (2024). Emergency room nurses’ caring ability and its relationship with patient safety outcomes: A cross-sectional study. International Emergency Nursing, 72, 101389. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101389
- Liu, Y., Mo, L., Tang, Y., Wang, Q., & Huang, X. (2017). The application of an evidence-based clinical nursing path for improving the preoperative and postoperative quality of care of pediatric retroperitoneal neuroblastoma patients: a randomized controlled trial at a tertiary medical institution. Cancer Nursing, 40(4), 314-322. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000387
- Maguad, B. A., & Krone, R. M. (2009). Ethics and moral leadership: Quality linkages. Total Quality Management, 20(2), 209-222. doi: 10.1080/14783360802623043
- Noh, Y. G., & Kim, S. Y. (2024, February). Factors of Hospital Ethical Climate among Hospital Nurses in Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. In Healthcare, 12(3), 372. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12030372
- Numminen, O., Repo, H., & Leino-Kilpi, H. (2017). Moral courage in nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing ethics, 24(8), 878-891. doi:10.1177/0969733016634155
- Nunnally, J.C. (1970). Inroduction to psychological measurement. Mc.Graw-Hill. Pakizekho, S., & Barkhordari-Sharifabad, M. (2022). The relationship between ethical leadership, conscientiousness, and moral courage from nurses’perspective. BMC nursing, 21(1), 164. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00941-y
- Park, B., & Oh, Y. (2017). Impact of ethical climate, ethical leadership perceived by nurses on moral distress. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society,19(2), 1099-1116. doi: 10.37727/jkdas.2017.19.2.1099
- Prestia, A. S., Sherman, R. O., & Demezier, C. (2017). Chief nursing officers’ experiences with moral distress. The Journal of Nursing Administration,47(2), 101-107. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000447
- Rathert, C., May, D. R., & Chung, H. S. (2016). Nurse moral distress: A survey identifying predictors and potential interventions. International journal ofnursing studies, 53, 39-49. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.10.007
- Ribeiro, M., Caldeira, S., Nunes, E., & Vieira, M. (2021). A commentary on spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality in nursing management. Journal of nursing management, 29(3), 602-605. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13196
- Shamir, B., Zakay, E., Breinin, E., & Popper, M. (1998). Correlates of charismatic leader behavior in military units: Subordinates’ attitudes, unit characteristics, and superiors’ appraisals of leader performance. Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), 387-409. doi: 10.2307/257080
- Sekaran, U. (1992). Research Methods for Business. Canada: John Wiley ve Sons. Van Knippenberg, D. (2000). Work motivation and performance: A social identity perspective. Applied Psychology, 49(3), 357-371.
- Wang, Y., & Li, H. (2019). Moral leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 475824. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02640
- Whitehead, P. B., Herbertson, R. K., Hamric, A. B., Epstein, E. G., & Fisher,J. M. (2015). Moral distress among healthcare professionals: Report of an institution-wide survey. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47(2), 117-125. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12115
- Widodo, S., & Suryosukmono, G. (2021). Spiritual leadership, workplace spirituality and their effects on meaningful work: Self-transcendence as mediator role. Management Science Letters, 11(7), 2115-2126 doi: 10.5267/j.msl.2021.2.016
- Zeller, R. A., & Karmines, E.G. (2978). Statistical Analysis of Social Data. Rand McNallyCollege Publishing Compony, Chicago.
- Zhao, H., & Xia, Q. (2019). Nurses’ negative affective states, moral disengagement, and knowledge hiding: The moderating role of ethical leadership. Journal of nursing management, 27(2), 357-370. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12675
- Zhang, Y., & Chen, C. C. (2013). Developmental leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Mediating effects of self-determination, supervisor identification, and organizational identification. The Leadership Quarterly,24(4), 534-543. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.03.007
- Zhang, N., Li, M., Gong, Z., & Xu, D. (2019). Effects of ethical leadership on nurses’ service behaviors. Nursing ethics, 26(6), 1861-1872. doi: 10.1177/0969733018787220
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hemşirelikte Yönetim |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 16 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 21 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Ocak 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 7 Mart 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 |
Kaynak Göster
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi'nin içeriği 
Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.